PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY最新文献

{"title":"Risk of neurodevelopmental delay in children with congenital heart defects: Hospital based prospective cross-sectional study","authors":"Tesfaye Taye Gelaw,&nbsp;Shitahun Fentie Tilahun","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The effect of congenital heart defects (CHDs) on adverse neurodevelopment has been reduced with modern medical services in high-income countries. This is in contrast to low-and-middle-income countries where the benefits of modern medical advantages are practically non-existent.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Determine the risk of developmental delay in children with CHD and examine associated factors.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 288 children from 2 to 60 months of age with CHDs. Data were collected prospectively from August 15, 2024 – January 15, 2025. Development assessment was conducted using the “CDC's Milestone Moments booklet.” Logistic regression was performed to see the association of independent variables with the dependent variable – development delay. A <em>P</em>-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. SPSS version 27 was used for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Of the studied children with CHDs, 51 % were females. The mean (SD) age was 18 months (16). Delayed development was seen in 46 % of the studied children. The motor domain is the most affected development domain (42 %). Rural residency {AOR = 2.21, 95 % CI = (1.08, 4.53)}, suspected genetic/syndromic comorbidity {AOR = 18.92, 95 % CI = (7.91, 45.24)}, severe stunting {AOR = 5.91, 95 % CI = (2.67, 13.11)} and dextro-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) {AOR = 58.56, 95 % CI = (4.97, 689.6)} were statistically significant associated factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The risk of neurodevelopmental delay is a common problem in children with CHD. Suspected genetic/syndromic comorbidities, severe stunting, rural residency, and d-TGA are statistically significantly associated factors with neurodevelopmental delay in a developing nation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101832"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal management of severe tricuspid dysplasia with circular shunt using NSAID therapy: A novel approach","authors":"Sofia Rito ,&nbsp;João Dias ,&nbsp;Patrícia Vaz Silva ,&nbsp;Iolanda Ferreira ,&nbsp;Maria Emanuel Amaral ,&nbsp;Paula Martins ,&nbsp;António Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) is a rare congenital heart defect that can lead to a life-threatening fetal circulation compromise. We report a case of a fetus with TVD diagnosed at 22 weeks gestation, characterized by severe tricuspid regurgitation, retrograde flow through the ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary regurgitation (circular shunt). Prenatal management with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), both ibuprofen (400–600 mg, every 8 h) and indomethacin (50 mg, every 8 h), was initiated at 28 weeks gestation, and continued until birth, to promote ductal constriction and antegrade flow through it, thus terminating or reducing the circular shunt. Despite the challenging management with NSAIDs, it was possible to achieve a near term delivery and conservative neonatal management.</div><div>This case highlights the potential of NSAIDs as a therapeutic option in managing severe TVD with a circular shunt, improving fetal survival and prolonging pregnancy for better neonatal outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101857"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caring for chronically critically ill children in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit: Correlations of a primary palliative care intervention with clinical outcomes","authors":"Michelle Rybka ,&nbsp;Arzu Cetin ,&nbsp;Aaron DeWitt ,&nbsp;Heather Griffis ,&nbsp;Maryam Naim ,&nbsp;Jennifer Walter","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A growing number of pediatric patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) meet the criteria of chronically critically ill (CCI), but there is little consensus on how to meet their distinct needs. A novel primary palliative care intervention, Chronic Care Rounds (CCR), was used to assess whether CCI patients with higher risk for mortality are being identified correctly.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Exposure to primary palliative care intervention (CCR) will be associated with clinical characteristics and worse health outcomes of CCI patients in the CICU.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients admitted to a pediatric CICU for &gt;14 days between 2014 and 2019. Demographics, clinical data, and whether patients received the primary palliative care intervention of interest, Chronic Care Rounds (CCR), were collected. CCR is a weekly interprofessional meeting to discuss a CCI patient, followed by a family meeting. Associations between clinical characteristics and CCR were analyzed using Chi-square/Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 692 hospitalizations were identified, with 253 (37 %) receiving CCR. CCR patients were significantly more likely to have a syndrome diagnosis (42 % vs 32 %, p 0.007), extracardiac anomalies (47 % vs 39 %, p 0.042), chromosomal abnormalities (54 % v 36 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), or list ‘Other’ as race compared to Caucasian (33 % v 23 %, p 0.001). The CCR group had a higher mortality rate (34 % vs 16 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The CCR group had higher rates of DNR in place compared to the non-CCR group (19 % vs 7 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) as well as higher rates of sub-specialty palliative care involvement (49 % vs 23 %, p &lt; 0.001). The two cohorts had similar rates of withdrawal of life sustaining technology (45 % vs 42 %, p 0.202).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study showed that CCR successfully identified patients at higher risk for mortality and therefore greater need for communication with family.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcatheter ablation of incessant ectopic atrial tachycardia in a patient with intracardiac rhabdomyomas","authors":"Andrés David Aranzazu-Ceballos ,&nbsp;Juan Fernando Agudelo Uribe ,&nbsp;Juan David Ramírez Barrera ,&nbsp;Cesar Orlando Breton Pinto ,&nbsp;Rafael Correa Velásquez","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the case of an adolescent with incessant ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) originating from a rhabdomyoma located on the posterior wall of the right atrium, complicated by tachycardiomyopathy. The patient underwent a combined endocardial and epicardial ablation procedure in the electrophysiology laboratory. The intervention resulted in both short- and medium-term success, with resolution of ventricular dysfunction and elimination of the arrhythmia confirmed at the 3-month follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case report of an infant with Prader-Willi syndrome presenting with dilated cardiomyopathy and recurrent congestive heart failure","authors":"Naimisha Yenduri ,&nbsp;Navaneetha Sasikumar ,&nbsp;Hisham Ahamed ,&nbsp;Dhanya Yesodharan ,&nbsp;Raman Krishna Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A seven-month-old baby girl presented with recurrent heart failure hospitalizations from dilated cardiomyopathy. The baby had multiple associated co-morbidities, including hypothyroidism, global developmental delay, failure to thrive, recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, and feeding difficulties. She was diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) due to monosomy 15q11.2q13.1. While dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been reported in adults with PWS, to our knowledge, its occurrence in the pediatric population, particularly during infancy, has not been documented. This case suggests that DCM could be associated with PWS in children. It highlights how DCM complicates the management of PWS and illustrates the interplay of genetic, cardiac, developmental, and metabolic factors, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparticipation screening and electrocardiograms in athletes","authors":"Peter Rippey ,&nbsp;Jada Ashford ,&nbsp;Zachariah El-fallah ,&nbsp;Korey Shively ,&nbsp;Jorge Sucar ,&nbsp;Christian Cooper ,&nbsp;Emily Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Samantha Glenn Etheredge ,&nbsp;Cade C. Smelley ,&nbsp;Lynn A. Batten","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sudden cardiac arrest occurs in 1 per 50,000 to 80,000 people per year. Preparticipation screening may identify athletes who may be at risk for developing sudden cardiac arrest.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of review</h3><div>The purpose of this article is to review the etiologies of sudden cardiac arrest, preparticipation screening, and use of electrocardiograms in screening athletes for cardiac problems.</div></div><div><h3>Key scientific concepts of review</h3><div>Sudden cardiac arrest may occur in young athletes who have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, anomalous origin of a coronary artery, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection, myocarditis, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, commotio cordis, aortic valve stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, congenital heart block, short QT syndrome, or coronary artery disease. Preparticipation screening may include history, physical examination, and an electrocardiogram. Several guidelines for screening are available. The American Heart Association 14-element screening protocol includes seven questions about personal history, three questions about family history, and four physical examination findings. The electrocardiogram may identify cardiac conditions such as cardiomyopathy, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and long QT syndrome that may not manifest on physical examination. Widespread use of an electrocardiogram in screening may be limited by cost and practitioner training. Successful implementation of the use of an electrocardiogram in screening may depend on specific training for practitioners in interpreting the electrocardiogram in young athletes. It is important to identify specialists who may help with further evaluation of any findings consistent with critical cardiovascular disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric cardiac surgery preparation: Enhancing psychological resilience and coping skills in congenital heart defect patients and families","authors":"Miho Takeuchi ,&nbsp;Muneaki Matsubara ,&nbsp;Bryan J. Mathis ,&nbsp;Rie Wakimizu ,&nbsp;Yuji Hiramatsu","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preparation support—defined as structured, age-appropriate educational and psychological interventions to familiarize patients with upcoming procedures—is important for emotionally vulnerable children undergoing heart surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This pilot study evaluated a preparation program for pediatric cardiac surgery patients and identified effective components for psychological support.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Six patients (aged 5–16 years) undergoing cardiac surgery and their parents participated in our preparation program, which included role-play with medical equipment, age-appropriate videos demonstrating perioperative flow and sensory information, and coping strategy instruction. Data were collected through perioperative observations, post-discharge interviews with children, and parental questionnaires, then analyzed using qualitative content analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Preparatory counseling improved illness acceptance, treatment motivation, and self-coping skills during the perioperative period. Children demonstrated positive emotional and cooperative responses during hospitalization, with qualitative analysis revealing two main categories of children's experiences: 1) understanding of treatment and sense of accomplishment, and 2) fluctuating anxiety and stress. Parental responses similarly formed two categories: concerns about communication and expectations for healthcare collaboration. Some children initially experienced increased fear that typically resolved over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Preparation counseling effectively supports pediatric cardiac surgery patients psychologically while helping parents provide appropriate emotional support. The mixed emotional responses observed highlight the need for ongoing program refinement. Enhanced preparation programs specifically designed for children with congenital heart disease can reduce psychological distress during extended hospitalizations and improve overall well-being in this vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothermia vs normothermia in neonatal arterial switch operation – Clinical outcomes and myocardial preservation","authors":"Uri Pollak ,&nbsp;Asaf Mandel ,&nbsp;Yshia Langer ,&nbsp;Salmas Watad ,&nbsp;Hiba Abuelhija ,&nbsp;Yshai Salem ,&nbsp;Hai Zemmour ,&nbsp;Eitan Keizman ,&nbsp;David Mishaly ,&nbsp;Alain E. Serraf","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) management during pediatric cardiac surgery represents a critical aspect of optimizing patient outcomes. Historically, the arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) was performed using hypothermic CPB, but growing evidence suggests potential benefits of normothermic approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes and myocardial preservation between hypothermic (HT-CPB) and normothermic (NT-CPB) temperature management strategies during neonatal ASO, with special emphasis on cardiomyocyte injury assessed through tissue-specific cell-free DNA (cfDNA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective observational study analyzed data from 27 neonates (12 HT-CPB, 15 NT-CPB) who underwent ASO between July 2017 and December 2018. Clinical parameters were compared between groups, including CPB duration, cross-clamp time, postoperative cardiac biomarkers, and cfDNA trajectories as markers of cellular damage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The NT-CPB group demonstrated significantly shorter CPB (71.93 ± 28.49 vs. 116.00 ± 20.15 min, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and cross-clamp times (54.73 ± 32.24 vs. 96.92 ± 21.66 min, p &lt; 0.001). Maximal lactate (51.00 ± 18.11 vs. 65.33 ± 12.43 mg/dL, <em>p</em> = 0.028) and Troponin-I levels (10.57 ± 2.83 vs. 15.37 ± 1.55 ng/dL, p &lt; 0.001) were significantly lower in the NT-CPB group in oppose to higher incidence of AKI. While total cfDNA levels were comparable between groups at most time points, cardiac cfDNA was significantly lower in the NT-CPB group at 24 h post-surgery (<em>p</em> = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Normothermia during neonatal ASO was associated with shorter operative times, lower metabolic stress, and reduced myocardial injury compared to hypothermia. These findings support the non-inferiority of normothermia as a viable and potentially beneficial temperature management strategy for neonatal ASO, offering comparable safety with improved hemodynamic and myocardial preservation outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged lactic acidosis following congenital cardiac surgery: A case report highlighting the potential role of thiamine deficiency","authors":"Ahmed Abdulgawad ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mansour ,&nbsp;Mohammed Bin Joubah ,&nbsp;Yasser Balubaid ,&nbsp;Gaser Abdelmohsen","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lactic acidosis is a critical metabolic derangement frequently observed following pediatric cardiac surgery, often attributed to low cardiac output and resultant tissue hypoperfusion. However, thiamine deficiency can disrupt aerobic metabolism, leading to excessive lactate accumulation. Infants undergoing complex surgical interventions risk developing thiamine deficiency in the postoperative period, especially if prolonged parenteral nutrition is administered without adequate supplementation.</div></div><div><h3>Case description</h3><div>A full-term female neonate diagnosed with transposition of the great arteries underwent an arterial switch operation on day 11 of life. Her postoperative course was complicated by feeding intolerance, suspected necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and prolonged parenteral nutrition (TPN). Despite the resolution of sepsis and NEC being ruled out, persistent lactic acidosis and feeding intolerance continued. On postoperative day 57, thiamine deficiency was suspected and treated with intravenous supplementation. After thiamin therapy, there was a rapid decline in lactate levels (from 14 mmol/L to &lt;2 mmol/L within 24 h) and resolution of clinical symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case illustrates how thiamine deficiency may contribute to persistent lactic acidosis and feeding intolerance in neonates receiving prolonged TPN following complex cardiac surgery, underscoring the value of considering nutritional deficiencies in the differential diagnosis. Early recognition and timely supplementation can significantly improve outcomes, emphasizing the need for clinical awareness and routine thiamine supplementation in high-risk postoperative care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHD infant mortality disparities in the USA: Positive changes in the previously worst performing state","authors":"E. McGovern ,&nbsp;L. Bezold ,&nbsp;D. Winlaw ,&nbsp;N.J. Ollberding ,&nbsp;M.M. Hossain ,&nbsp;S. Shahanavaz","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>From 2006 to 2015, Kentucky had the highest rate of infant mortality attributable to congenital heart disease (CHD) in the USA. Across the country, mortality was associated with male sex, prematurity, non-Hispanic black race, lower maternal education, higher % of poverty, and increasing distance from a top 50 cardiac center.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We sought to update these observations during a more contemporary era, with specific emphasis on Kentucky's performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The National Center for Health Statistics linked birth and infant death period data sets from 2016 to 2020 were used to calculate the incidence of CHD infant mortality. Chi-square tests were conducted to test for differences in deaths according to factors of interest for the entire USA and Kentucky. We also examined the mortality rate in Kentucky, which differed from 2016 to 2017 vs. 2018–2020, which coincided with the creation of a joint program between one of Kentucky's pediatric cardiac centers and a top 50 center in Ohio.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a national trend for improvement in CHD infant mortality. The national mortality rate in 2016–2020 was 0.3 deaths per 1000 live births compared to 0.34 in 2006–2015 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Kentucky was no longer among the worst in the USA. In the USA, male sex, prematurity, non-Hispanic black race, lower level of maternal education, and healthcare payment not by private insurance were associated with a higher incidence of mortality (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). For Kentucky, prematurity, non-Hispanic black race, poverty, and healthcare payment other than private insurance increased CHD infant mortality. Mortality rates in Kentucky for 2016–2017 and 2018–2020 were similar.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CHD infant mortality improved in the more contemporary era, and Kentucky was no longer the worst performing state. Male sex, prematurity, non-Hispanic black race, lower level of maternal education, and poverty continue to be associated with a higher incidence of CHD infant mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101860"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}