Philosophical Explorations最新文献

{"title":"Hunger in America","authors":"D. Keiser, B. McGee, Mary Hennenfent, Chuck Nusinov, Linda Triska","doi":"10.4324/9781003235057-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003235057-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46014,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Explorations","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89329322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winter Survival","authors":"D. Keiser, B. McGee, Mary Hennenfent, Chuck Nusinov, Linda Triska","doi":"10.4324/9781003235057-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003235057-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46014,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Explorations","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82577787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Assessment","authors":"D. Keiser, B. McGee, Mary Hennenfent, Chuck Nusinov, Linda Triska","doi":"10.4324/9781003235057-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003235057-17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46014,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Explorations","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90941665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Did It Happen?","authors":"D. Keiser, B. McGee, Mary Hennenfent, Chuck Nusinov, Linda Triska","doi":"10.4324/9781003235057-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003235057-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46014,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Explorations","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87553493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mental in intentional action","authors":"Raul Hakli, P. Mäkelä, L. O’Brien","doi":"10.1080/13869795.2021.1957201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13869795.2021.1957201","url":null,"abstract":"This special section originates from a workshop `New Horizons in Action and Agency’ that we organized in August 2019 at the University of Helsinki, Finland. The aim of the workshop was to provide a venue in which a small number of participants could enjoy in-depth discussion of innovative work on action and agency. Kirk Ludwig and Alfred Mele were our keynote speakers, and in addition, we invited submissions on such topics as mental action, trying, action sentences, intending, self-control, and practical reasoning, among others. Our aim at the workshop and in this selection of papers is to re-visit some fundamental issues in the philosophy of agency. These issues primarily concern the nature and range of the mental in intentional agency. For example, trying is central to the performance of intentional action. But what is it to try to do something? Should we, as some philosophers have argued, regard it as a sui generis mental action? Deciding is also central to many, if not all, cases of intentional action, but again, what it is remains a matter of controversy. And there is ongoing controversy about what it can tell us about the nature of intentional action. Turning our attention to intentions to act and intentions in action, how do these guide the course of the bodily movements that satisfy them? And indeed, what is the relationship between their coarse-grained content and the finely developed skills that agents sometimes exercise in the performance of intentional action? Finally, such reflection on trying, deciding, intending, and on the nature of mental action more generally, provokes the question of whether or not intentional action is corporeal in nature. Commonsense may suggest that it is, and physicalist views of mind and action argue that it is, but is that correct? This question and others will, we hope, be of interest to the readers of Philosophical Explorations. In the first article, ‘Let me go and try’, Kirk Ludwig gives a deflationary account of trying according to which trying is not a specific type of action. Instead, any action that is done with an intention can be called trying: To say that a person tried to φ means that she did something with the intention of φ-ing. Ludwig is thus opposed to views that take trying to be something substantial, like a mental action. According to Ludwig, there is no such thing as trying, rather, there is a way of talking about action that uses the term ‘try’, and the function of such talk is to be able to talk about the aim of some action without implying that the aim is achieved. He defends his account against arguments that purport to show that there is no entailment from claims about trying to claims about doing something with an intention, and he uses his analysis to explain what is odd in talk about trying to try. Ludwig considers a potential problem for his account in","PeriodicalId":46014,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Explorations","volume":"24 1","pages":"337 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47468837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are actions bodily movements?","authors":"Michael Smith","doi":"10.1080/13869795.2021.1957205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13869795.2021.1957205","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The view that actions are bodily movements, also known as corporealism, was much discussed in the latter half of the twentieth century, but now commands fewer adherents. The present paper argues that earlier proponents of corporealism missed the crucial feature of actions that tells in favour of actions being bodily movements. Focusing on this crucial feature provides us with the resources for responding to arguments against corporealism and in favour of alternative accounts.","PeriodicalId":46014,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Explorations","volume":"24 1","pages":"394 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13869795.2021.1957205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43257783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciding: how special is it?","authors":"A. Mele","doi":"10.1080/13869795.2021.1957203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13869795.2021.1957203","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To decide to A, as I conceive of it, is to perform a momentary mental action of forming an intention to A. I argue that ordinary instances of practical deciding, so conceived, falsify the following two theses: (1) Necessarily, S intentionally A-s only if S intends to A; (2) In every actual case of intentionally A-ing, the agent intends to A. But I also argue that actions of some other types falsify these theses. Practical deciding is not unique in this respect. In another respect, however, it may be unique. It may be the only source of counterexamples to the thesis that, in any actual case of intentional action, some relevant intention is at work. In addition, actual instances of deciding to A may differ from other actual basic actions in that whereas the latter are successful attempts to A, actual agents never try to decide to A (as opposed to trying to decide what to do and to trying to bring it about that they decide to A).","PeriodicalId":46014,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Explorations","volume":"24 1","pages":"359 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13869795.2021.1957203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48207604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let me go and try","authors":"K. Ludwig","doi":"10.1080/13869795.2021.1957202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13869795.2021.1957202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper argues for a deflationary account of trying on which ‘x tried to ϕ’ abbreviates ‘x did something with the intention of ϕ-ing’, where ‘did something’ is treated as a schematic verb. On this account, tryings are not a distinctive sort of episode present in some or all cases of acting. ‘x tried to ϕ’ simply relates some doing of x’s to a further aim x had, which may or may not have been achieved. Consequently, the analysis of ‘x tried to ϕ’ adds nothing to our basic understanding of the nature of action or agency. The account handles examples of naked trying, trying without acting – for example, trying but failing to move when paralyzed – by construing ‘did something’ as a schematic verb for a broader class of purposive events than actions, subsuming inter alia the formation of intentions-in-action. It gives a technical sense to ‘doing with the intention of ϕ-ing’ so that it includes any doing that can be construed as for the purpose of executing the intention of ϕ-ing. This subsumes as a limiting case the formation of an intention-in-action to ϕ, which is for the purpose of executing that very intention.","PeriodicalId":46014,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Explorations","volume":"24 1","pages":"340 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44336658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Still committed to the normativity of folk psychology","authors":"Alireza Kazemi","doi":"10.1080/13869795.2021.1963820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13869795.2021.1963820","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In what sense can one claim that intentional explanations are essentially normative, given that people’s actions and thinking are replete with various irrationalities, yet are still pretty well explained by this explanatory framework? This article provides a novel response to this enduring objection. First, following Brandom, it is suggested that, to understand the normativity of intentional states, we should countenance and distinguish between two normative categories of commitment and entitlement, only the former of which is argued to be essential for intentional explanations. Conflating these two normative dimensions is noted to be one of the main sources of the objections leveled against the view. Second, it is shown that the committive dimension is rich and flexible enough to accommodate all the apparently problematic cases.","PeriodicalId":46014,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Explorations","volume":"25 1","pages":"58 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13869795.2021.1963820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41972718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The modularity of the motor system","authors":"M. Mylopoulos","doi":"10.1080/13869795.2021.1957204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13869795.2021.1957204","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, I make a case for the modularity of the motor system. I start where many do in discussions of modularity, by considering the extent to which the motor system is cognitively penetrable, i.e. the extent to which its processing and outputs are causally influenced, in a semantically coherent way, by states of central cognition. I present some empirical findings from a range of sensorimotor adaptation studies that strongly suggest that there are limits to such influence under certain conditions. These results cry out for an explanation. In the remainder of the paper, I provide one: The motor system is cognitively penetrable, but nonetheless modular along broadly Fodorian lines, insofar as it is informationally encapsulated. This means that its access is limited to its own proprietary database in computing its function from input to output, which does not include the information stored in central cognition. I then offer a model of action control, from distal intention to action outcomes, that further helps to illustrate this picture and can accommodate the target empirical findings.","PeriodicalId":46014,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Explorations","volume":"24 1","pages":"376 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13869795.2021.1957204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49606789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}