T. Wilson, Jeromey B. Temple, Bianca Brijnath, Ariane J. Utomo, P. McDonald
{"title":"The ageing of Asian migrant populations in Australia: projections and implications for aged care services","authors":"T. Wilson, Jeromey B. Temple, Bianca Brijnath, Ariane J. Utomo, P. McDonald","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1953689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2021.1953689","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Until the 1970s the Asia-born population of Australia remained small due to the racist White Australia Policy which denied entry to non-Europeans. Following its abolition in the early 1970s, Asian immigration progressively intensified, and in 2016 the Asia-born population of the country reached a total of 2.7 million, though the older population aged 65+ remained relatively small. This paper presents new projections of Australia's older Asia-born populations from 2016 to 2056 created with a new birthplace projection model. The results show substantial growth of the older Asia-born population can be expected over coming decades, along with changing composition by country of birth. The Asia-born proportion of Australia's older population overall is projected to rise from just 6 per cent in 2016 to 19 per cent in 2056. These coming demographic changes present challenges and opportunities - in particular relating to the provision of culturally appropriate residential and community aged care.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"61 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2021.1953689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44164394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Not a bowl of rice, but tender loving care’: from aborting girls to preferring daughters in South Korea","authors":"H. Chun, M. Das Gupta","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1944408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2021.1944408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT South Korea is the first country to shift from strong son preference to preferring daughters. This paper examines the factors associated with daughter preference, using data from the 2012 Korea General Social Survey, a nationally-representative survey of 1,379 people. The outcome variable was derived from the survey question, 'If you were to have one child, which one would you like to have - son, daughter, or no preference?' Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between reported child gender preference and several social and cultural variables. 43 per cent of respondents preferred daughters, 36 per cent preferred sons, and 21 per cent were indifferent. The probability of preferring daughters over sons increased with exposure to Korea's social transformations (younger, more educated, and urban residents); and among those less vested in the traditional patriarchal norms (women, non-Buddhists, and less conservative views on gender roles). Other studies in South Korea find increasing intergenerational support between parents and daughters. This is no longer an agrarian society where aging parents depend financially on sons. Today people can save for retirement and have national health insurance. However, people live longer and need companionship and care which they feel daughters provide more than sons.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"169 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46085104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ideal and actual intervals to first birth in Singapore","authors":"Poh Lin Tan","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1938382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2021.1938382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Postponement of first births is a key cause of declining fertility rates, especially in East Asia where recovery from delayed childbearing has been weak. This paper investigates achievement of ideal ages at marriage and first birth in Singapore using survey data on 657 married women aged 25–34. Almost 50 per cent marry within one year of their ideal age, but less than 30 per cent have their first child within six months of their ideal interval to first birth, with around 50 per cent waiting longer than ideal. The high proportion of women experiencing a longer-than-ideal first birth interval was observed across all age and educational groups. Regression results show that co-residence with a foreign domestic worker and paid leave entitlements are associated with higher probability of achieving their ideal first birth interval, whereas availability of parents/in-laws, husband’s help and unpaid leave do not reduce time to childbearing.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"41 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2021.1938382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43184020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constellations of gender ideology, earnings arrangements, and marital satisfaction: a comparison across four East Asian societies","authors":"W. Fan, Yue Qian","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1932067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2021.1932067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent research conducted in Western countries highlights gender ideology as a multidimensional concept. Little, however, is known in East Asia about the patterns and consequences of constellations of gender ideology (i.e. clusters of attitudes towards gender relations in different domains). Using data from 3,541 married respondents in the 2006 East Asian Social Survey (China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan), we identify four constellations—egalitarian, moderate, traditional, and pro-work traditional—that differ in gender ideologies regarding the private and public spheres. We find little societal difference in the relationship between constellations of gender ideology and marital satisfaction among men. Among women, traditional Japanese women have particularly high, whereas egalitarian Taiwanese women have particularly low, marital satisfaction. Additionally, gender ideology intersects with couples’ earnings arrangements to shape marital satisfaction in Korea. Overall, our findings advance the understanding of how political and policy environments shape gender roles in work and family.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"24 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2021.1932067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44928230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Labour market uncertainty and the economic foundations of marriage in South Korea","authors":"Soo-Yeon Yoon, Sojung Lim, Lanu Kim","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1932065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2021.1932065","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (1998–2014), this study examines how various indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) (i.e. education, employment status, occupation, and earnings) are associated with the transition to first marriage for South Korean men and women. Results from discrete-time event-history analysis show that all SES indicators are strongly associated with the timing of marriage for men and that there is a clear SES gradient for men's marriage entry. In addition, women with high SES (regular, white-collar jobs, and the highest earnings) are more likely to get married than those with lower SES. We also find that securing a regular job is a significant factor for marriage formation regardless of gender. These results indicate that among those with high SES in South Korea, the economic foundations of marriage appear to be characterised by the cooperation model.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"6 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2021.1932065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social stratification and family change in Japan and Korea","authors":"James M. Raymo, Hyunjoon Park","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1930437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2021.1930437","url":null,"abstract":"Dramatic changes in family formation and dissolution in East Asia are well documented (Chen & Li, 2014; Jones et al., 2009; Raymo et al., 2015; Yu & Xie, 2021). For example, in Japan and Korea mean...","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"221 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2021.1930437","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41334889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Missing marriage: changing marriage patterns amid social transition in Myanmar","authors":"A. Schuster, A. Hinde, S. Padmadas","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1898149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2021.1898149","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Across Asia, men and women increasingly delay or abstain from marriage, a change often linked to improvements in female educational attainment and labour force participation. In Myanmar, less than 90 per cent of women aged 45–49 years during the 2014 census had ever married, compared to nearly all men of a similar age. This paper investigates the difference in marriage patterns between males and females in Myanmar. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we analyse the associations between entry into marriage across age cohorts, and male and female educational attainment and workforce participation. We find that having a high level of education and currently working negatively affect women's chances of marrying across all ages. While higher education similarly affects younger men, we find that higher socioeconomic status substantially improves a man's likelihood of marriage in later life, suggesting lingering gender stereotypes influencing women to remain single in the country.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"285 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2021.1898149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45326607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Educational attainment and housework participation among Japanese, Taiwanese, and American women across adult life transitions","authors":"Kamila Kolpashnikova, E. Koike","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1920147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2021.1920147","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We investigate the association between women’s educational levels and housework participation across cultural contexts and through different stages in the life-course. In testing the suggestion from previous research that women with higher levels of education spend less time on housework than do women with less education, we found that this argument holds true for single women in Japan, Taiwan, and the United States. Our results also indicate that for all American women and for single and married Taiwanese women without children, their numbers of years of education correlate inversely with their daily hours of domestic labour; however, this correlation does not exist for married Taiwanese women with children. Similarly, the educational levels of married Japanese women—with or without children—have no bearing on their housework participation.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"266 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2021.1920147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41769617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modernisation, demographic change and state-level variations in household composition in India","authors":"E. Breton","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1891736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2021.1891736","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines whether modernisation and demographic change explain subnational household variations in India using state-level data from six rounds of the National Sample Survey harmonised by IPUMS-International. Results highlight significant regional differences in living arrangements, mainly between south India, where joint households are rare, and selected states located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, where joint households are most prevalent. Key indicators of modernisation (urbanisation, occupational diversification, educational expansion) and demographic change explain roughly half of these differences, although modernisation indicators have a much weaker explanatory power than demographic ones. Further analyses show that men's rising age at marriage is linked to a modest increase in nuclear households, whereas educational expansion may have hindered this increase. These findings support the claim that the preference for joint households has long been considerably weaker – if at all present – in selected southern states, a nuance largely ignored in explanations of household change in India.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"225 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2021.1891736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48450169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trouble and strife: demographic shocks, agrarian change and marriage in Portuguese Timor","authors":"D. Kammen","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1891737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2021.1891737","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Marital exchange between origin ‘houses’ is central to Timorese narratives and has been a central concern of anthropological study of Portuguese Timor and independent Timor-Leste. This article challenges the notion of stable patterns of marital exchange between named houses across time. Drawing on data from the colonial census, this paper finds a severe imbalance in the sex ratio during the first half of the twentieth century. Starting from subsistence agriculture, demographic shocks, the head tax and the introduction of forced coffee cultivation, the paper identifies the neglect and mistreatment of females, inflationary pressures on the bride price, increasing polygamous marriage and significant maternal mortality as key causal mechanisms that led to a highly imbalanced sex ratio. These dynamics impacted the age of marriage for men and women, and resulted in a sharp increase in the number of men who were unable to marry.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"250 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2021.1891737","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46808181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}