Asian Population Studies最新文献

{"title":"Government policy and global fertility change: a reappraisal","authors":"Ke Shen, Feng Wang, Yong Cai","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2020.1757850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2020.1757850","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The role of government policy in fertility change has been a central inquiry in understanding global demographic changes in the last half century. We return to this inquiry with longitudinal data for over 150 countries from 1976 to 2013 and use fixed-effects models to address common methodological concerns. Our results reveal that while government anti-natalist policies fail to show clear effects for all countries included, they are associated with significantly lower fertility in Asia and Latin America, two regions that have seen the most rapid fertility decline. For pro-natalist policies, which are becoming more popular in recent years, we detect only short-term positive effects, and effects limited to countries where fertility has not sunk below the ultra-low level of 1.4 children per woman. Combined, these results suggest that government policies are important in global fertility change, though the policy impacts vary by geographic location, timing, and fertility level.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"145 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2020.1757850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45891256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-related displacement, impoverishment and healthcare accessibility in mainland Bangladesh","authors":"Rabiul Haque, N. Parr, S. Muhidin","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2020.1764187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2020.1764187","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the experiences of people displaced internally by climate-related factors in mainland Bangladesh, one of the world's most climate-vulnerable countries. The data derives from a representative survey of 1,200 households drawn equally from displacement-susceptible areas and areas without climate-related displacement. Comparisons are drawn on the basis of four variables: the displaced versus the non-displaced; before displacement versus after displacement; people displaced suddenly versus those displaced gradually; and the frequency of past displacement. The displaced experience multiple disadvantages, including reduced land ownership and reduced access to electricity, sanitary toilets and healthcare services. The disadvantage is greater following sudden displacement and among those who have been displaced multiple times. The impact on the time and cost of accessing healthcare are greater after displacement. The disadvantage of the displaced, thus, is a function of interactions between exposure to natural disaster, impoverishment and lack of access to health services.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"220 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2020.1764187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41681250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration and non-integration in two non-western cities: Dubai and Singapore","authors":"Delphine Pagès-El Karoui, B. Yeoh","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2020.1752031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2020.1752031","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Migration Report 2015 (International Organisation for Migration, 2015, p. 39), among major cities with the largest proportion of foreign-born population, Dubai and Singapore are the only two non-western cities to rank among the top 19 metropolises, mainly European, North American or Australian. The intersection of migration and urban studies constitutes an expanding field of research in which western cities are overrepresented, and scholars seem reluctant to think outside western paradigms of multiculturalism and integration when exploring the ways migrants are incorporated into global cities. Yet the demographic reality of migrant numbers and proportions suggests that there is much to be gained by training the analytical spotlight elsewhere. Along with the globalised economies of Singapore and Hong Kong, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are now among polities with the lowest prospects for the integration and permanent settlement of large migrant populations, even where migrants have become the majority of the total population (Shah, 2017). Hosting about 30 million migrants and their descendants, Gulf countries, one of the most urbanised region in the world, have become the third largest migration-receiving region from the 2000s. The GCC-Asia corridor is the largest South-South corridor, with the majority of migrants coming from Asia, especially South Asia. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), for example, Indian and Pakistani communities outnumber the 1.1 million Emirati citizens (Bel-Air, 2018). Dubai and Singapore, and more generally Gulf and Asian cities, are interesting case studies from a comparative perspective, as they help extend our thinking about patterns of incorporation of migrants in cities beyond the hegemonic western paradigm of integration (Pagès-El Karoui, 2020). Here, we note the double meaning of integration: the Durkheimian notion of the way individuals are included in the society to achieve social cohesion, and – the definition more frequently adopted for migrants – the provision of pathways to include migrants as part of the nation-state through processes of naturalisation. In both senses and at various levels, Dubai and Singapore are exemplars of non-integration, unveiling the contradictory logics of inclusion and exclusion. The comparison between Dubai (3.3 million inhabitants) and Singapore (5.7 million), two highly diverse cities, is instructive in demographic terms. At 92 per cent, the migrant share of the population in Dubai is a world record, while non-citizens account for 43 per cent of the population in Singapore (World Economic Forum, 2017). This comparison is all the more interesting in that Dubai was nicknamed ‘Singapore of the Middle","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"119 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2020.1752031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46596124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing rich without growing old: the impact of internal migration in China","authors":"Mengni Chen, C. Lloyd, P. Yip","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2020.1750187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2020.1750187","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In China in 2017, the elderly dependency ratio (EDR) – which is the number of elderly per 100 working-age population – was 14.8. This represents a huge increase from 6.7 in 1970. The speed and magnitude of the ageing trend remains a serious threat to the sustainable development of China. However, the EDRs exhibit wide and unusual spatial variations within the nation. In this study, based on a decomposition analysis, the spatial pattern of the EDRs across 31 provinces in China in 2000 and 2010 are investigated. The analyses attributed the change in the EDRs to four factors: working-age migration, mortality of the population aged 5–54, population momentum, and growth of the elderly population. It is found that the impacts of internal migration offset or even reverse the regional differentials in fertility and mortality, leading to an unusual ageing pattern in China. More developed provinces attracted young workers, which reduced the EDRs despite persistent low fertility; whereas the less developed provinces saw young workers outflow, increasing the EDRs despite the relatively high fertility rate. To some extent, it could be said that some provinces are ‘growing old before growing rich’, while other provinces are growing rich without growing old.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"183 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2020.1750187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48992417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family-supportive workplace policies and South Korean mothers’ perceived work-family conflict: accessibility matters","authors":"Eun Jung Kim, S. Parish","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2020.1721837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2020.1721837","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study examined the association of family policies on married working mothers in South Korea’s work-family conflict. The goal of the study was to compare the differential effects of policy availability and accessibility on reducing mothers’ work-family conflict. Given Korea’s work culture, which emphasises long working hours and work-oriented ethics, some employees may be unable to use family polices even if they are available at work. Using the 2007–2012 Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (N = 941 employed mothers), the study examined six policies. Random effects modelling was used. Results revealed that availability of family polices was insignificant in reducing mothers’ work-family conflict in Korea, and mothers’ work-family conflict decreased significantly only when they were actually accessible. Mothers’ work-family conflict decreased significantly as they had access to more family policies. The present study underscores in order for family policies to have a real impact, family policies should be made more readily accessible.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"167 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2020.1721837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47989538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are there benefits to having more children for the oldest-old elderly? A longitudinal analysis on successful aging in China","authors":"Yulei Weng, Dan Li","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2019.1702768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2019.1702768","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Perhaps the most significant cultural difference regarding successful aging is that in western countries it is associated with self-sufficiency, while the Chinese focus is on the availability of support from their children. This study uses five waves from the CLHLS to examine the impact of having children on successful aging. Random-intercept Poisson regressions show that having more living children is positively related to successful aging. Co-residence with children does not contribute to better successful aging; but having children living nearby has a positive effect. Therefore, findings from this oldest-old study show that support from children is important in an individual’s aging process. Policies should be adjusted to prepare for the future decrease in support from children.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"82 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2019.1702768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48311991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of premarital coresidence with parents and family income on the transition to first marriage in South Korea","authors":"Joongbaeck Kim","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2019.1651573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2019.1651573","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Premarital family context is influential for the transition to first marriage. This study examines the extent to which coresidence with parents and family income is associated with the transition to first marriage in South Korea. Drawing on extended coresidence perspective, the study examines the extent to which premarital coresidence with parents is associated with the transition to first marriage. Furthermore, the study examines the influence of family income and its moderating influence on the relationship between coresidence and transition to marriage. Utilising the representative data from the Youth Panel, this paper examines the effects of family income and coresidence with parents on marital formation over time using discrete-time hazard models. Results show that coresidence with parents is negatively associated with the transition to marriage. Yet, at the same time, family income has shown to be positively associated with transition to marriage. While findings of interactive effect suggest that the odds of marriage for those coresiding decreases, as family income increases.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"5 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2019.1651573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42117204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New patterns of female migration in South Asia","authors":"Gavin W. Jones","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2019.1701802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2019.1701802","url":null,"abstract":"South Asian countries show different patterns of internal migration according to gender. In India, females have long dominated internal migration flows; censuses between 1971 and 2011 show that around 70 per cent of lifetime migrants were women. By contrast, in Bangladesh, in the last three decades of the twentieth century, more males than females moved (Afsar, 2000). A detailed study on one rural sub-district with excellent longitudinal data also shows more males than females moving out (Alam & Khuda, 2011). But in both countries, the patterns of migration have long been highly gendered: movement from rural areas to the cities (especially inter-state movement in the case of India) has been male-predominant, whereas localised patterns of movement have been femaledominated. Why this female predominance in localised migration? It results from marriage customs in the sub-continent, characterised (especially in north India) by village exogamy and women moving to their husband’s village on marriage. These villages were normally not very far from the woman’s home area, but sometimes further afield. Thus marriage (near-universal in South Asia) requires migration by most females after they reach marriageable age. While there is some short distance male migration as well, some of it seasonal, mainly for the purpose of seeking work, this is greatly exceeded by the marriage migration of females (Skeldon, 1985, p. 45). Because of the rules adopted in censuses for the recording of migration, in many countries much of the localised movement is not captured. It all depends on what boundaries have to be crossed in order to be considered as a migrant. If a district boundary has to be crossed, then moves within a district will obviously not be recorded. In the Indian census, the lowest units for determining migratory movements are the villages and towns whose boundaries are administratively defined. Any change of residence beyond the village or town/city boundary qualifies the person to be classified as a migrant. Given the pattern of village exogamy, most women’s moves to their husband’s place of residence on marriage are captured in the migration data. This is not the case in Bangladesh, however, where a district border must be crossed in order to be recorded as a migrant. (There are 64 districts in Bangladesh, with average populations of about two and a half million). Village exogamy is commonly though not universally practiced in Bangladesh, and most moves following marriage are less than 20 km (Rahaman, Akter, & Rahaman, 2010, Figure 2); many of these would be within the same district. The Bangladesh census would therefore not capture all marriage moves. The gender differences in migration patterns in India are striking. According to the 2001 Census, whereas 70 per cent of recent female migrants moved to rural areas, 51","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2019.1701802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46832700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can conflicts and natural disasters account for the surplus of older men in Pakistan?","authors":"Sehar Ezdi","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2020.1712825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2020.1712825","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The number of missing women in the population of Pakistan in 2015 amounted to approximately 4.4 million. The age distribution of this male surplus (i.e. in the 40+ population) suggests that the collective exposure of selected birth cohorts to deleterious events (i.e. conflicts and natural disasters) may have precipitated a surge in female vis-a-vis male mortality. To analyse this, this paper first collects gender and age disaggregated (wherever possible) mortality statistics arising from conflicts and natural disasters that have occurred throughout the history of Pakistan (since independence) and evaluates their impact on the sex ratios (male/female) of the population by age. Subsequently, it analyses the historical sex ratio pathway by age to assess how these events may have caused deviations from the pathway. The analysis reveals that conflicts and natural disasters (independently or in the aggregate) have had no impact on the missing women phenomenon in Pakistan and hence cannot explain the surplus of men in the country. Nevertheless, it points to the severity and persistence of the missing women phenomenon in Pakistan, especially among the elderly (60+) population. It also indicates the likely endurance of the phenomenon in future cohorts of elderly population in the country.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"100 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2020.1712825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41591574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility behaviour in linguistic zones: revisiting the diffusion hypothesis in greater Bengal","authors":"P. Das, Z. Husain, Saswata Ghosh","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2019.1706300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2019.1706300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study compares fertility-related behaviour in the adjacent regions of West Bengal (a state in eastern India) and Bangladesh. The starting premise of the paper is that common history and language has led to diffusion of fertility practices from West Bengal to Bangladesh. This is hypothesised to create a homogenous pattern of fertility behaviour in the bordering districts of both political regions. The study uses Demographic Health Survey (DHS) and District level Household Survey data for 1992, 2002, and 2012. Despite some reservations – as DHS is directed to produce state-level estimates, while DLHS is geared to yield district-level estimates – the similarity in sampling strategies and coverage of all districts (in West Bengal) and divisions (in Bangladesh) implies that the two data sets may be pooled, particularly in the absence of any alternatives. We tested whether fertility behaviour in (i) bordering districts differs from non-border districts in both countries, and (ii) bordering districts of both countries are similar using multi-level linear and logistic models. Outcome variables are contraceptive prevalence rate, and number of ever born children. The results reveal similarities in fertility behaviour between border divisions of Bangladesh and West Bengal, indicating possible cross-border diffusion of fertility practices.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"34 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17441730.2019.1706300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45649349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}