Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education最新文献

{"title":"Legal Extension Strategies to Increase Awareness of Drinking Water Contaminant Regulatory Framework","authors":"Catherine Janasie,&nbsp;Olivia Deans,&nbsp;Taylor Harris","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3363.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3363.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is important for stakeholders, scientists, industry, lawyers, and decision-makers to understand the varying approaches to regulating drinking water contaminants. To increase awareness and understanding among stakeholder audiences of the legal framework for drinking water protection, the National Sea Grant Law Center (NSGLC) at the University of Mississippi School of Law has developed and implemented research and extension projects for lead, nitrates, and per-and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS). The NSGLC's mission is to encourage a well-informed constituency by providing legal information and analysis to the Sea Grant community, policy makers, and the general public through a variety of products and services. For each contaminant, the NSGLC conducted legal research to identify relevant laws, regulations, policies, and court decisions to gain an in-depth understanding of the existing legal framework. The NSGLC then translated its information on the current legal framework, identified gaps, and potential solutions into a variety of outreach programming. For each of the relevant drinking water contaminants, the NSGLC has taken different outreach approaches. For lead, the NSGLC has worked with an interdisciplinary academic team to conduct community-based research and outreach directly to families. With nitrates, the NSGLC has focused more on professional development for attorneys, natural resource managers, and other policy makers. With PFAS, the NSGLC is proposing a hybrid approach, drawing on lessons learned from its previous projects and the COVID-19 pandemic, to disseminate information to both professionals and communities. This case study will synthesize key findings on the legal overview, potential legal issues, and outreach efforts for lead, nitrates, and PFAS.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"174 1","pages":"106-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3363.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46179714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Water Resources and Environmental Quality Programming Needs in Arequipa, Peru","authors":"Laura C. Bowling,&nbsp;Katy E. Mazer,&nbsp;Edwin Bocardo-Delgado,&nbsp;Jane R. Frankenberger,&nbsp;José Pinto,&nbsp;Ruxandra Popovici,&nbsp;Linda S. Prokopy","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3354.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3354.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Water resources in historically water scarce regions such as Arequipa, Peru are vulnerable to changing conditions. Population growth and climate change are projected to be major threats to water availability in the region, while urban growth, informal mining, and agriculture threaten water quality. To address these concerns and others, the Arequipa Nexus Institute for Food, Energy, Water, and the Environment (the Arequipa Nexus Institute) was formed as a collaboration between Purdue University and the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín to address key challenges to a sustainable future for Arequipa through research. In this work, a vision for water-related extension programming in Arequipa was developed through three phases of data collection. Phases 1 and 2 involved semi-structured interviews and focus groups with agency personnel, community leaders, and farmers in Arequipa. The water education needs of stakeholders that could be addressed by water and environmental extension programming were identified. In Phase 3, a workshop of researchers from the Arequipa Nexus Institute used the data and their knowledge of institutional capacity to identify opportunities for the Institute to serve as a boundary organization facilitating communication and collaboration between scientists and stakeholders to support water extension and engagement in Arequipa. Water resources extension services provided by this boundary organization would include education about water quality, water allocation, and water use, as well as providing resources to improve public participation in water management. Water extension services could be part of a cross-cutting extension initiative within the Arequipa Nexus Institute, which would be responsible for accumulating research data and connecting them to both formal and informal stakeholders. The dual training nature of the boundary organization will serve to both increase public understanding of water concerns and the capacity of information generators in the university and agencies to engage with the public. This study is unique in combining both sides of the boundary (community needs and scientists’ perspectives) in developing the vision for this extension programming.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"173 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3354.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42199541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging the Public in Water Policy: Do Political Affiliation and Ideology Matter?","authors":"Kristin E. Gibson,&nbsp;Alexa J. Lamm,&nbsp;Kyle Maurice Woosnam,&nbsp;D. Barry Croom","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3355.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3355.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Unsustainable human activities are rapidly depleting freshwater resources in many parts of the United States. Public policy surrounding water conservation is arguably one of the most essential strategies for targeting the preservation of water. Increased public engagement in environmental policy may bolster sustainable consumption of water resources if nuances in human behavior are targeted through communication messages. A quantitative research design using an online survey of the general United States public was used to explore if political affiliation and political ideology predicted how respondents prepared to vote on a policy that impacts water. The study revealed that respondents neither agreed nor disagreed on the level to which they would take specific actions to become prepared to vote on a policy that impacts water, indicating there is room for improvement. Results from a multiple linear regression revealed political affiliation and political ideology significantly predicted how respondents prepared to vote on a policy that impacts water; however, they accounted for a small amount of variance in the models. Future studies should identify additional predictors to determine how respondents prepare to vote on a policy that impacts water since political affiliation and political ideology were not a major influence on how respondents prepare to vote. Environmental communicators should focus their outreach efforts on increasing public preparedness to vote on polices that impact water.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"173 1","pages":"13-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3355.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45942006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Health Hazards of Roadside Springs: Results from Central New York","authors":"Christopher W. Sinton,&nbsp;Matthew Olivieri,&nbsp;Tara Perry,&nbsp;Katherine Stoddard,&nbsp;Ryan Kresge","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3356.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3356.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across the United States, groundwater springs adjacent to roadways have been developed as unregulated drinking water sources. We attempted to address two basic questions: 1) why do people collect water at these springs; and 2) is the water safe to drink? We conducted a study during 2015-2019 of seven springs in central New York State that included a survey of 199 users and analysis of the water for common dissolved constituents and bacteria. The survey of water users showed that over 70% of respondents use the springs at least multiple times per month for drinking water and the majority collect more than five gallons per visit. More than 80% of the users live farther than three miles from the springs and a recurring reason for drinking the spring water is that the taste is better than the water available at their homes. However, all the springs at some point tested positive for total coliform bacteria and all but one tested positive at least once for fecal coliform bacteria, meaning that 86% of the springs at some point did not meet U.S. municipal drinking water standards. None of the measured dissolved constituents exceeded drinking water standards, but one spring that exhibited elevated nitrate is downslope from a small cattle operation which may be affecting nutrient values in the water. Most of these springs appear to be fed by shallow, unconfined aquifers that are susceptible to contamination from nearby land uses that are not readily apparent from the roadside collection locations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"173 1","pages":"29-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3356.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41978585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Cultural Perspectives into International Interdisciplinary Work","authors":"Karen I. Trebitz,&nbsp;Scott Fennema,&nbsp;Keegan Hicks","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3351.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3351.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are well-established methods for working in interdisciplinary natural resource management settings, but place-based cultural differences are often poorly integrated into interdisciplinary projects. Intercultural adequacy is necessary to ensure that water management strategies are acceptable within the local contexts of water users. In this study we followed four cohorts of graduate students from Canada, Chile, Cuba, and the United States that participated in an international graduate-level water resource management course hosted at the Universidad de Concepción in Chile. The North American students participated in post-experience surveys and interviews to assess changes in their interdisciplinary and intercultural comfort levels. The interviews and survey identified factors that enhanced or detracted from their progress towards integrating disciplinary and cultural differences into their work. Though course material promoted interdisciplinary collaborations across various disciplinary cultures, participants noted that traditional methods of integrating did not adequately bridge differences in place-based cultural worldviews. We propose a framework developed during the experience to integrate place-based cultural differences into all phases of the interdisciplinary research and natural resource management processes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"172 1","pages":"6-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3351.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46893226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood Hazard Awareness at Old Dominion University: Assessment and Opportunity","authors":"Nicole S. Hutton,&nbsp;Michael J. Allen","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3352.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3352.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Building resilience to flooding is a commitment of several universities; however, student interest in flood education programs is unclear. The goals of this research are three-fold: 1) to determine the origin of flood messaging on the Old Dominion University (ODU) campus, 2) to assess on-campus flood awareness, and 3) to evaluate the interest in additional flood education. This study evaluates student awareness of flooding via a survey of ODU students and contextual analysis of University warning messages. Many students experienced reduced access to campus as a result of flooding and expressed an interest in additional flood information. Some students reported receiving flood-related information through in-class instruction or orientation-based programming. However, the content varies in detail, and ODU could formally integrate additional resources into outreach and flood education programming. These findings could support the development of a campus wide flood awareness program at ODU and other universities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"172 1","pages":"19-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3352.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41822785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and Discrepancies in Water-related University Rankings: Is There a Need for More Consistency or Is There Value in Breadth?","authors":"Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich,&nbsp;Jonathan O. Sharp,&nbsp;John E. McCray","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3350.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3350.x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;ccess to clean water is an urgent and socially relevant global issue, as recognized by the U.S. National Academy of Engineers and most other global scientific agencies. Universities directly inform advances in this domain, serve as a training ground for practitioners who address challenges in water supply and quality, and more broadly educate scientifically literate citizens. However, it is challenging for students seeking information on university degree programs such as Hydrology or other water-focused areas to find consistent information about programs, in part because of the disciplinary diversity of this subject. Ranking systems typically focus on more traditional departmental groupings (i.e., geosciences, civil &amp; environmental engineering, public health, etc.). While special rankings do occur for water science and engineering related programs, they are topically incorporated within various categories, including “Hydrology and water resources”, “Water resources engineering”, “Water treatment and sanitation”, “Environmental and health sciences”, and others that span traditional departments and have multiple homes within and across institutions. These may involve categories that are absent at a particular university that has strengths in the co-listed category. For instance, our home institution of Colorado School of Mines (or “Mines”) offers well regarded degrees and/or research programs in Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Geophysics, Geology, and Hydrology, but lacks Public Health or Health Sciences degrees. Ultimately, water-focused domains of study fall outside of traditional degrees, groupings, and associated metrics leading to challenges in assessing strengths across both disciplines and degree programs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Several ranking systems exist that rate universities based on their strength in a specific discipline, including water resources, but the metrics for each are quite different. Ranking systems are based on multiple factors including prestige of faculty members and publications, research funding, number and impact of publications, search engine traffic, international visibility, graduates in positions of influence, patent generation, perception by peer institutions, and financial sustainability, among others. The &lt;i&gt;QS World University Rankings&lt;/i&gt; (QS), for example, is a ranking of the world's top universities (not degree programs) produced by Quacquarelli Symonds, that synthesizes peer rankings from thousands of scholars, academics, and recruiters in conjunction with Scopus citations, faculty/student ratios, and staff and student numbers. The &lt;i&gt;Times Higher Education World University Rankings&lt;/i&gt; (THEWU), on the other hand, assesses universities using five categories: teaching, research, citations (research influence), salary of graduates, and international reputation based on surveys. Another influential ranking system is the &lt;i&gt;Academic Ranking of World Universities&lt;/i&gt; (ARWU), also known as “&lt;i&gt;Shang","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"172 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3350.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46166662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Characteristics and Human Activity Influence Turbidity and Ion Concentrations in Streams","authors":"Erin E. Scott,&nbsp;Brian E. Haggard","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3353.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3353.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All 54 km of the West Fork of the White River (WFWR) were on Arkansas's 303(d) list of impaired waterbodies for turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and sulfate for many years. This study identifies which river segments fail to meet applicable water quality standards (WQS) and investigates possible anthropogenic or natural sources of pollutants. We also evaluated a larger dataset of 119 sites in the Boston Mountains and Ozark Highlands ecoregions, compiled from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality online database. In the WFWR, water samples were collected once or twice a month at nine sites from June 2014 through June 2018. Median values for turbidity, TDS, sulfate, and chloride ranged from 1.8 to 10.8 NTU, 40.8 to 151.3 mg/L, 3.5 to 27.9 mg/L, and 3.2 to 5.5 mg/L, respectively, and generally increased from upstream to downstream (p &lt; 0.05). Violations of the water quality standard for the parameters of interest varied by site, but generally occurred in the downstream portion of the WFWR, where land use, riparian soils, and underlying geology change. In the larger dataset, turbidity, TDS, sulfate, and chloride concentrations were all significantly greater in the Ozark Highlands than the Boston Mountains ecoregion (p &lt; 0.05). Anthropogenic activities influence dissolved ion concentrations across these study sites, while geology and riparian soils may be important factors for differences in sulfate and turbidity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"172 1","pages":"34-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3353.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42181839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Remote Sensing to Discover Historic Context of Human-Environmental Water Resource Dynamics","authors":"Zach Brecheisen,&nbsp;Nicholas Hamp-Adams,&nbsp;Abigail Tomasek,&nbsp;Erika J. Foster,&nbsp;Timothy Filley,&nbsp;Martín Villalta Soto,&nbsp;Lucia Zuniga Reynoso,&nbsp;Andre de Lima Moraes,&nbsp;Darrell G. Schulze","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3346.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3346.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis of historic and contemporary high-resolution imagery can help to fill knowledge gaps in land cover and management history in locations where documentation is non-existent or records are difficult to access. Historic imagery dating back to the 1960s can be used to structure quantitative investigation and mapping of land use and land cover change across space and time to enhance earth science, policy, and social science research. Imagery can further inform municipal planning and implementation in areas of natural resource allocation, infrastructure, and hazard mitigation. For management and public education, historic imagery can help people to understand environmental processes and the impacts of human activity in the local environment. Here we emphasize the value of high-resolution historic satellite imagery from the Corona and Keyhole satellite programs to inform environmental research, public education, and environmental management. Within the Region of Arequipa in southern Peru we highlight examples of urban development, agricultural expansion, river channelization, and glacial retreat via comparison of historic and modern satellite imagery. By incorporating these types of historic imagery data in formats accessible to non-professionals, public engagement as well as research into human-environmental investigations will be greatly enhanced.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"171 1","pages":"74-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3346.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42740703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Pilot Smart Irrigation System for Peruvian Highlands","authors":"Santiago Guevara,&nbsp;Yogang Singh,&nbsp;Austin Shores,&nbsp;Juan Mercado,&nbsp;Mauricio Postigo,&nbsp;Jose Garcia,&nbsp;Brittany Newell","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3344.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3344.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With growing developments in the technology of cloud storage and the Internet of Things, smart systems have become the latest trend in major agricultural regions of the world. The Arequipa and Caylloma provinces of Peru are highly productive agricultural areas that could benefit from these technologies. This region has low precipitation, generally less than 100 mm per year. Electricity is not available in most of the agricultural fields, limiting the types of irrigation methods and technologies that can be supported. Currently, 20 ponds supplied by water runoff from the Andean glaciers are used for irrigating approximately 545 hectares of land in the Majes district (Caylloma province). In order to develop optimal techniques for water irrigation in Arequipa and improve the infrastructure, there is a need for development of a smart water irrigation system applicable to the existing conditions in the region. The current study proposes a pilot smart water irrigation framework comprised of a drip irrigation module, wireless communication module, and a sensor network for intelligently regulating water flow from the cloud. In this study, a TEROS 12 soil moisture sensor is connected to a Digi XBee wireless module for collecting measurements of volumetric water content, temperature, and electrical conductivity, which are sent through a secure IP gateway to the cloud. A user-friendly web interface is available for end-users to access and analyze real-time data. The proposed framework is easily implementable, low-cost, and is predicted to conserve water through optimization of irrigation cycles based on a set moisture threshold.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"171 1","pages":"49-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3344.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48185490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}