Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education最新文献

{"title":"Creating a Collaboration Framework to Evaluate International University-led Water Research Partnerships","authors":"Katy E. Mazer,&nbsp;Anna Erwin,&nbsp;Ruxandra Popovici,&nbsp;Edwin Bocardo-Delgado,&nbsp;Laura C. Bowling,&nbsp;Zhao Ma,&nbsp;Linda S. Prokopy,&nbsp;Carlos Zeballos-Velarde","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3342.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3342.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a globalized world, universities are forming partnerships to solve today's water-related challenges, such as increasing water scarcity and diminished water quality. Over the past 20 years, international university-led water research partnerships have been growing in number, including between the U.S. and countries in the Global South. While there are several examples of guidelines and best practices for executing collaborations, none focus on this type of partnership. Additionally, many international collaborations are formed between universities that have little previous experience in developing these types of partnerships. Often, critiques of partnerships happen after initiation and point to structural barriers and best practices for future collaborations, but few offer practical guidance on overcoming obstacles early on, amid an imperfect partnership. In this paper, we created a flexible collaboration framework which can be used as an evaluative tool. To model this, we conducted an internal evaluation of the Sustainable Water Management team of the Arequipa Nexus Institute, a collaboration designed to build research capacity at the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín to address local issues related to agriculture, natural resource management, and environmental change. Results highlighted project strengths and weaknesses and offered strategies to address challenges that many collaborations face. This strategy identification can serve as a guideline for improving the implementation of new or existing international university-led water research partnerships and help partners as they confront challenges at every stage of the partnership. The evaluation shows the effectiveness of using a collaboration framework as an assessment tool for international university-led water research partnerships.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"171 1","pages":"9-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3342.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49541808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coproduction Challenges in the Context of Changing Rural Livelihoods","authors":"Ruxandra Popovici,&nbsp;Katy E. Mazer,&nbsp;Anna E. Erwin,&nbsp;Zhao Ma,&nbsp;José P. Pinto Cáceres,&nbsp;Laura C. Bowling,&nbsp;Edwin F. Bocardo-Delgado,&nbsp;Linda S. Prokopy","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3348.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3348.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coproduction is a process that involves scientists and citizens engaging throughout the production of knowledge, decisions, and/or policies. This approach has been widely applied in an international context for addressing global environmental issues. It is customary for scientists to travel to rural communities, where both scientists and local knowledge holders work together and jointly design solutions to pressing problems. Such collaboration, however, often involves high costs for both residents and scientists, which can reduce project effectiveness. This study examines the challenges associated with coproduction in the context of changing rural livelihoods in beneficiary communities. We specifically conduct a self-analysis of the coproduction process led by our own university team, where scientists designed tools for water and crop management together with community members in Peru's Caylloma province. We collected qualitative data on the coproduction challenges in five local districts in Caylloma, using focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Our results indicate that changing socioeconomic conditions in rural communities undermined the long-term sustainability and effectiveness of the coproduction efforts and deliverables. These included increased migration, market integration, and reliance on regional institutions for water and crop management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"171 1","pages":"111-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3348.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49293365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities of International University Partnerships to Support Water Management","authors":"Edwin F. Bocardo-Delgado,&nbsp;Katy E. Mazer,&nbsp;Laura C. Bowling","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3341.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3341.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>H</b>istorically water scarce regions such as the Central Andes in South America are particularly vulnerable to changes in water supply and demand and are struggling to adopt a more participatory model of integrated water management. Inclusive engagement principles have been used successfully in many locations to improve agricultural and water management; however, there are several barriers to transference of similar practices to Latin America. For example, collaborative research arrangements between U.S. and Latin American universities are desirable to develop sustained research programs on appropriate integrated water management techniques, but institutional barriers and the lack of a culture of applied research and extension that is responsive to community needs may limit the effectiveness of research partnerships. Additional barriers to participatory management exist at the community level, including traditional limitations such as low institutional capacity, traditional gender roles, and authoritarian structure, as well as emerging issues related to changing rural livelihoods. This article examines opportunities and threats associated with an emergent partnership between Purdue University (Purdue) in Indiana, USA, and Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa (UNSA) in Arequipa, Peru. It serves as the introduction to this Special Issue exploring water resources risks in Arequipa, Peru, as well as potential barriers and strategies to support water management adaptation.</p><p>Globally, many drivers such as population growth, climate change, and changing income and consumer preferences are dramatically altering water resources management. In water scarce regions that rely on irrigated agriculture in particular, the intrinsic linkage between land and water management (Chen et al. <span>2018</span>) means new sustainable management frameworks must be developed to minimize environmental impacts on both resources (Brack et al. <span>2017</span>). However, in some countries the lack of technical knowledge, infrastructure, and human capacity means that well-intentioned sustainable management frameworks do not achieve the expected results in the management of water resources (Maestu <span>1997</span>; Ortiz Acosta and Romo Aguilar <span>2016</span>; Rivera-Marquez et al. <span>2017</span>; Ruiz <span>2019</span>). In Peru, although a complete revision of the national water policy in 2009 provides a general framework for the proper management of water resources, its application is limited (Robert <span>2019</span>).</p><p>At the same time, Peruvian Canon Law No. 27506 provides a source of funding to enhance Peruvian water management infrastructure (Congreso de la Republica <span>2001</span>). This law invokes a tax, collected by the State, on the economic exploitation of natural resources. According to Article 6.2, regional and local governments should use funding from this tax exclusively for the financing or co-financing of regional and ","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"171 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3341.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42065172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Arequipa's Hydrometeorological Monitoring Infrastructure to Support Water Management Decisions","authors":"André Geraldo de Lima Moraes,&nbsp;Edwin Bocardo-Delgado,&nbsp;Laura C. Bowling,&nbsp;Fariborz Daneshvar,&nbsp;José Pinto,&nbsp;Alec Hale Watkins,&nbsp;Keith Aric Cherkauer","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3343.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3343.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydrometeorological monitoring of weather, streamflow, and water quality is essential for understanding available water resources, protecting populations from hazard, and identifying changes in environmental conditions over time. To meet such competing goals, monitoring networks require representative parameters, uniform sampling protocols, and stable locations, selected to reliably measure the phenomenon of interest. However, budgets are always limited, and immediate operational needs and short-term decisions often influence monitoring decisions. Here, the hydrometeorological monitoring systems in Arequipa, Peru, are examined with respect to established criteria for their ability to support these competing goals. The Arequipa Department in Peru has a well-established, stable, weather monitoring program, although reliance on manual observers results in variable data quality. The lack of observations in high altitude areas limits estimation of water availability, and high temporal resolution, automatic stations are needed to improve flash flood warnings. The streamflow monitoring system is designed to quantify water transfers throughout this heavily managed system. Twenty-one discharge monitoring stations were identified to serve as Historic Hydrologic Reference Stations, but many were only operational in the 1960s and 1970s and cannot be used to evaluate environmental trends. Twelve stations are identified that should be maintained for establishment of a future reference network. State sponsored water quality monitoring in the Department is fairly new, and a stratified sampling method has been used to maximize sample locations. Uniform sampling in fewer locations along intermediate sized tributaries, at least two times per year, would improve the reliability of the system and allow better detection of change over time.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"171 1","pages":"27-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3343.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49283019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Hydrologic and Hydraulic Analysis of Torrential Flood Hazard in Arequipa, Peru","authors":"Katy E. Mazer,&nbsp;Abigail A. Tomasek,&nbsp;Fariborz Daneshvar,&nbsp;Laura C. Bowling,&nbsp;Jane R. Frankenberger,&nbsp;Sara K. McMillan,&nbsp;Hector M. Novoa,&nbsp;Carlos Zeballos-Velarde","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3347.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3347.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seated at the foot of the Misti volcano in an area prone to intense seasonal rains and earthquakes, the city of Arequipa is highly vulnerable to natural disasters. During the rainy season, intense storms create large volumes of runoff that rush through the city's ephemeral streams, known locally as <i>torrenteras</i>. Episodic flows in these <i>torrenteras</i> have caused flooding, damage to bridges, homes, and other infrastructure, and caused many deaths. In recent years, while unprecedented rain events have caused extreme disasters, the city's population has continued to expand into these channels by creating informal or illegal settlements. Currently, detailed hazard maps of flood-prone areas surrounding the <i>torrenteras</i> are not available to stakeholders in Arequipa. In this study, hydrologic and hydraulic models were combined to assess flash flood hazards, including inundation, velocity hazards, and slope instability hazards. Hydrologic models were created using satellite precipitation data and terrain-sensitive, gridded climate maps to characterize flow within six <i>torrenteras</i> in Arequipa. These flows were used in conjunction with elevation data and data collected in the field using an online mobile application system to develop a hydraulic model of these flood events. Hydraulic model outputs were used to determine flood hazards related to inundation, velocity affecting human stability, and slope instability in case study areas of the <i>torrenteras</i>. We then discuss how this information can be used by disaster risk management groups, water authorities, planners and municipalities, and community groups.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"171 1","pages":"93-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3347.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46852090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Interactive Modeling of Pipe Failure in Water Supply Systems","authors":"Thikra Dawood,&nbsp;Emad Elwakil,&nbsp;Hector Mayol Novoa,&nbsp;José Fernando Gárate Delgado","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3345.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3345.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increased incidences of pipe breaks worldwide are posing a serious threat to potable water security in urban communities. The consequences may involve water loss and service interruptions, compromised water quality, infrastructure disruptions, and loss of revenue. Thus, creating failure assessment models is quite crucial to sustain water distribution networks (WDNs) and to optimize maintenance spending. This research paper aims at developing an assessment framework for water systems, as well as modeling the failure phenomena toward sustainable management of underground infrastructure. The city of El Pedregal in Peru was chosen to exemplify the methodology of the research due to the rapid pace of urbanization and growing economic activities in the region, which make water infrastructure even more critical. The framework is based on the application of modeling techniques stemming from statistical regression analysis (RA) and 3D schematic representation. First, the influential factors that lead to the deterioration of the WDNs are determined. Second, the RA technique is leveraged to evaluate and model the failure rate through consecutive simulation operations and a 3D surface plot. Finally, the efficacy of the model is investigated using different performance metrics, in conjunction with a residual analysis scheme. The validation results revealed the robustness of the model with R-squared (R²) and the sum of squares error (SSE) of 0.9767 and 0.0008, respectively. The developed model is a predictive tool that can be used by municipal engineers as a preemptive measure against future pipeline bursts or leaks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"171 1","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3345.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47446581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter from the Editors","authors":"Karl W.J. Williard,&nbsp;Jackie F. Crim","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.03336.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.03336.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education</i> is evolving to better serve our authors and readership. We are pleased to introduce new article categories published in the <i>Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education. JCWRE</i> now accepts submissions to five distinct categories: 1) Original Research, 2) Case Study, 3) Review, 4) Research Note, and 5) Perspective Piece.</p><p>The majority of articles published in <i>JCWRE</i> have been Original Research articles. Case Studies differ from an Original Research article in that Case Studies are “example” applications of concepts, tools, and models. The purpose of this category is to allow professionals to share new ideas, projects, or new applications of previously published research. Similar to an Original Research article, authors must identify how the research is novel and how it contributes to the existing literature. Authors must demonstrate an original contribution and cannot simply replicate previous studies. Review articles are comprehensive reviews of applied research, policy, education, or outreach/extension in water and watershed science and management. A Review article titled “Hawai‘i's Cesspool Problem: Review and Recommendations for Water Resources and Human Health” is published in this journal issue. Research Notes provide brief research communications, shorter than an Original Research article, and limited in scope. Examples of a Research Note would be to introduce a new method and/or compare existing methods, to report on preliminary data that may have a significant impact in the author's field, or to provide an update to previously published data. Perspective Pieces are commentaries on current water issues from experts in the field.</p><p>All submitted manuscripts should be of interest to the wide variety of water-related disciplines that encompass <i>JCWRE</i> readership. Each category has specific author guidelines that are found on www.ucowr.org. All categories, except Perspective Pieces, are peer-reviewed and subject to standard publication fees. Perspective Pieces are reviewed internally by our Editors and are not charged a publication fee. We look forward to receiving your manuscript submissions.</p><p>The <i>JCWRE</i> Editorial Staff is continually striving to enhance the journal and increase visibility. We want to thank past authors, reviewers, and Associate Editors for their contributions to <i>JCWRE</i>.</p><p>Sincerely,</p><p>Karl W.J. Williard and Jackie F. Crim</p><p>Co-Editors, <i>Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education</i></p>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"170 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.03336.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137483763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Vulnerability of an Aquifer to Climate Variability through Community Participation in Arivaca, Arizona","authors":"K. Uhlman, C. Eastoe, Z. Guido, M. Crimmins, Anne Purkey‐Deller, S. Eden","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704x.2020.03337.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2020.03337.x","url":null,"abstract":"In Arivaca, Arizona, groundwater isotope measurements (stable O and H, tritium, and carbon-14) were made in conjunction with water level measurements and climate data. Recharge is predominantly young (post-1950) and is mainly from summer monsoon precipitation. Following a five-month period of unusually low δ18O and δ2H in precipitation in 2014-2015, corresponding shift in groundwater δ18O and δ2H was observed only at a site with recently built gabions. Water levels near the basin outlet increase in summer following periods of high storm frequency. Water levels also rebound in winter, possibly because of cessation of transpiration. The young groundwater is vulnerable to climate change, e.g., to protracted periods with summers that are drier or hotter than normal. Rapid assessment of groundwater and its connection to climate can provide valuable information to local water managers and citizens for whom more expensive studies are not feasible. Such assessments, based on relatively inexpensive isotope analyses and groundwater level data collected by volunteers, engage the community in management of its water resources. In Arivaca, the community responded to the results of the assessment with heightened interest in managing their water for sustainability and the construction of gabions to increase recharge from","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"170 1","pages":"2-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2020.03337.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41806413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Early Career Great Lakes Scientists for Effective Engagement and Impact.","authors":"Jennifer Hunnell, Heather Triezenberg, Diane Doberneck","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704x.2020.03338.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1936-704x.2020.03338.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Freshwater systems worldwide are increasingly facing complex environmental issues. In the Laurentian Great Lakes region, harmful algal blooms are one example spanning agriculture, municipal drinking water, science and monitoring, water quality, and human health. Addressing these challenges and working across stakeholder interests requires sound science and additional skills that are not necessarily taught to graduate students in the apprentice research model. Effective stakeholder engagement and science communication are two areas consistent with emphases on broader impacts from the National Science Foundation, information and dissemination of the National Institutes of Health, and community engagement of the National Institutes of Health's Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The lack of training in these areas creates a gap for outreach, engagement, and science communication training to help enable researchers to translate important science to influential stakeholders, policy makers, and members of the public. To address this gap, we held a Community-Engaged Scholarship Workshop for graduate students and early career faculty. The workshop used an established community-engagement framework and was tailored to address the complex environmental issue of harmful algal blooms. It addressed four community-engagement competencies, including community-engaged partnerships, community-engaged teaching and learning, community-engaged research, and science communications. Here, we report evaluation results on changes in these four competencies and participant satisfaction. We conclude with a discussion of potential improvements and next steps for those seeking to host similar community-engaged trainings.</p>","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"170 1","pages":"19-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12890213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45465114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review Article: Hawai‘i's Cesspool Problem: Review and Recommendations for Water Resources and Human Health","authors":"M. Mezzacapo, M. Donohue, Celia M. Smith, A. El-Kadi, K. Falinski, D. Lerner","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704x.2020.03339.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2020.03339.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education","volume":"170 1","pages":"35-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2020.03339.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42415625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}