Howard Journal of Communications最新文献

{"title":"White Supremacy, Revisionist History, and Masked Vigilantes: Understanding HBO’s Watchmen through the Eyes of Cultural Critics/Writers in Major Mainstream Newspapers","authors":"Danielle C. Slakoff, Evan C. Douglas, Jason A. Smith","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2065896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2065896","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2019, the HBO limited television series Watchmen aired to critical acclaim. A contemporary extension of the world established by the 1986-87 Watchmen comic, viewers and commentators alike have viewed the show as a critical commentary on racial politics in the United States. Using Nexis Uni’s News Database, we conducted an inductive qualitative content analysis of 31 news articles written by mainstream television critics and/or writers about the show. Across reviews, three primary themes emerged—White supremacy, revisionist history (specifically pertaining to the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921), and the power of masks. The role of critics/writers in engaging audiences with themes about race is discussed.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81369684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portrayals of the Black Lives Matter Movement in Hard and Fake News and Consumer Attitudes Toward African Americans","authors":"Chrysalis L. Wright, K. Gatlin, D. Acosta, Christopher Taylor","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2065458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2065458","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Our study examined the relationship between media portrayals of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in hard and fake news in varying media modalities (print versus video) and participant attitudes toward African Americans. We also examined sociodemographic factors that may be related to susceptibility of fake news. Participants were primed with either hard or fake news (print or video) prior to completing the online questionnaire. Participants included 385 college students from a large southeastern public university. The findings revealed a direct effect of fake news on attitudes toward African Americans but only if the news was from a printed media modality. Hard news also had a positive impact on participant attitudes if from a printed media modality. These findings may help explain why information learned via fake news is persistent over time. Biological sex and political affiliation were associated with the impact of media priming on participants, with male and Republican participants being more susceptible to the effects of fake news. The results of this study should be helpful to those involved in policy making regarding social media and fake news and are timely considering that the BLM movement is growing stronger and the increase in fake news is ongoing.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77077093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agop, Salomon and Despina: Content Analysis of Non-Muslim Representations in Yeşilçam Cinema","authors":"Dilara Balcı Gülpınar","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2063702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2063702","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the years between 1956 and 1975, Turkish film production boomed. These two decades were also the very last years in which non-Muslim characters were still appearing in a wide range of productions, and so they offer an important window into the representation of non-Muslims in the Turkish cinema of this period, known as Yeşilçam. This essay explores these representations by analyzing 82 films featuring 121 Turkish Greek, Armenian and Jewish characters. The representation of these non-Muslims is considered through the characters’ importance to the plot, their names, genders, manners, ways of speaking, occupations, families, religious activities, relationships with Turkish Muslim characters, and the stereotypes associated with them. Unsurprisingly, non-Muslim characters often occupy minor, one-dimensional – and sometimes threatening – roles as these films are concerned with the stories of Turkish Muslim characters, who not only comprise the dominant group in society but also the vast majority of the audience. Analysis of the films indicates that representations of non-Muslim characters that originate in traditional Turkish art forms have undergone considerable change in films due to the influence of increasing Turkish nationalism, together with the Turkification policies of the Turkish state.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77246646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angry Gymnastics: Representations of Simone Biles at the 2019 National and World Championships","authors":"Carolina Velloso","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2053899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2053899","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyzes representations of Simone Biles in media coverage of two major gymnastics events in 2019. It asks which, if any, gendered and racial stereotypes identified in previous scholarship about media coverage of Black and women athletes are also present in coverage of Biles. It also interrogates in what ways these stereotypes intersect as distinct forms of representation of Biles as a Black woman. Employing the tenets of feminist theory and Black feminist thought through an intersectional lens, a qualitative textual analysis of 34 articles revealed that both gendered and racial stereotypes were present in coverage of Biles. The most prominent stereotypes include feminized emotions, lack of mental fortitude, negative attitudes, and physicality. These intersecting representations underscore the persistence of these stereotypes in contemporary discourse. This paper contributes to, and advances, the literature on media representations of women athletes, Black athletes, and Black women athletes.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82379927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donald Trump’s America: Communicating the Seeds of Racism, Xenophobia, & Persistent Conflict","authors":"C. Onwumechili","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2054300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2054300","url":null,"abstract":"President Donald John Trump served as America’s 45th President for one term, from January 2017 to January 2021, and his tenure was remarkable for incline in overt racism, xenophobia, and other social conflicts. That it ended in one term, given that three Presidents who served before him all served for the maximum two terms defined America’s response to his service. Although Donald Trump was voted out by America, his mark persists and the imprint significant and deep that it may take years for America to recover and move toward civil communication across racial divisions and returning to the era of America as a land accepting immigrants. It is notable that Trump’s presidency will forever be remembered for building a large and lengthy wall designed to keep away immigrants from crossing the Southern border with Mexico while the border in the North was never open to a debate of closure or immigrant restriction. The meaning was, particularly, on the issue of race and it was obvious to many. At the Northern border was a largely Caucasian Canadian population and at the South was the non-Caucasian Mexicans. But the closure or restriction of physical border to the South would pale in its inhumanity to the treatment of children whose parents were separated from them and housed in locations described as concentration camps where they were detained in cages. Vinopal (2019) reports were collateral in Trump’s decision to stop the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program affected 1.2 million persons and that the program would lead to the loss of $4 billion in lost taxes. But beyond xenophobia, with race undertones, are racial upheavals within the country. Therefore, it is unsurprising that this special issue features articles addressing race and immigration, primarily. Donald Trump stoked the racial fire, within the country, via various communication even before he became America’s 45th President. He claimed that the then 44th President Barack Obama was not American, and Trump led the birther campaign against Obama’s Presidency (Kelley-Romano & Carew, 2018/19). Wilkie (2020) of the CNBC reported President Trump’s blistering attack of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement for highlighting police killing of African Americans across the country. According to Isom et al. (2021); Trump frequently employed the trope of “White victim” in attacking the BLM. They conclude that “The mitigating effects of Trump support and patriarchal gender normative beliefs suggest holding such sentiments likely normalizes perceived ‘victimhood’ and anti-BLM sentiments.”","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87676828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Not a Monolith!” Media Narratives of the Latina/o/x Vote after the 2020 U.S. Election","authors":"Arthur D. Soto-Vásquez, Eduardo Gonzalez","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2033650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2033650","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study assesses how the “not a monolith” narrative in U.S. journalism after the 2020 presidential election serves to further shape the Latina/o/x electorate into a politically marketable category. This study employs a qualitative content analysis of 159 media texts produced in the first two weeks after Election Day. We find that the contradictions inherent in the construction of Latina/o/x voters—such as class, racial, and regional differences—are reconciled through revising old media narratives, like the “sleeping giant” metaphor, and the inclusion of Latina/o/x voters into other metaphors, like the “blue wall.” In addition, a host of rationales drawn from racialized aspects of Latina/o/x history and culture, like religion, machismo, and anti-socialism, are used to explain voting behavior. Finally, new narratives emerged around Latina/o/x voters not being owned by the Democratic Party, which we view as disciplining.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84427768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-Generation Immigrants’ and Sojourners’ Believability Evaluation of Disinformation","authors":"S. Kim, Hyoyeun Jun","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2027296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2027296","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract News consumption enhances the contact experience for first-generation immigrants and sojourners in their acculturation to the host culture. Using acculturation theory, this study explores interdisciplinary concepts related to understanding immigrants’ and sojourners’ believability evaluation of disinformation. The authors conducted an online experiment to examine the believability of disinformation by asking immigrants and sojourners (N = 71) to discern online news stories without disinformation from online stories containing disinformation. The present study found that first-generation immigrants and sojourners with higher levels of perceived English language proficiency, longer length of stays in the U.S., and greater US news consumption are more likely to demonstrate higher news IQ, which leads to less believability of disinformation. Although news plays a critical role in understanding current events and issues pertinent to individuals’ day-to-day lives, communities, societies, and governments, immigrants and sojourners are largely marginalized populations as news consumers. As foreign-born residents make up close to 14% of the U.S. population, this study will provide meaningful insights. Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2027296","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82340455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capturing Injustice: The Screenshot as a Tool for Sousveillance","authors":"B. M. Jenkins, Emily M. Cramer","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2032884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2032884","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Framing the screenshot as a tiny-but-mighty tool for digital sousveillance, this case study explores the use of screenshots in online social justice movements, specifically those dedicated to identifying and eradicating systemic racism. Using one antiracism-focused Twitter account as a single case for analysis, we examined how social justice advocates may use the screenshot to “watch from below.” Grounded theory qualitative analysis of 228 screenshots posted to the Racism Watchdog account (@RacismDog) between June 2019 and June 2020 revealed that screenshots offer a means to capture and call attention to injustices in online spaces. Equipping users with the ability to select and frame content appearing onscreen, screenshots also allow users to emphasize portions of racist comments, incorporate information to support an argument, juxtapose bits of information to highlight rhetorical contradictions, and occasionally to bring levity to those engaged in online activism. We discuss the screenshot as an effective, visually persuasive tool in online sousveillance.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87392576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scales Off My Eyes: Tutors Teaching about Racism at a South African University","authors":"M. Conradie","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2033651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2033651","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Critical whiteness studies (CWS) holds that challenging systemic racism in higher education must include scholarly attention to the everyday conditions under which students engage and produce knowledge about racism. This study examines the context of tutorials on postcolonial literature in a historically-white South African Department of English. Using individual interviews with contractually-employed Tutors, I map how these Tutors assign meaning to discomforting experiences and how they manage their own intersectional subjectivities while engaging undergraduates on systemic racism via postcolonial literature. Specifically, many students attempted to explore marginalization by grounding their essays in lived experiences of material deprivation. How Tutors’ responses might be read within CWS is a core concern of this article.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81863914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proud: Examining the Social Media Representation of Ibtihaj Muhammad","authors":"Adrianne Grubic","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2027297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2027297","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The media portrayals of sportswomen especially Black and Muslim women tend to be monolithic, focusing only on oppression of the body and the barriers they face for entry into sport. Using the fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad as a case study, with an eye toward transnational feminism, this multimodal discourse analysis study found her social media representation provides complex insight into what it means to Black, Muslim, and a woman in a traditionally white and elitist sport. Muhammad seems to typify the many contradictory images one associates with white, Western sportswomen on social media; combining empowerment and commodification while leaving out one of the main visages often epitomized with it, the sexualization of the sportswomen form. As more scholars study sportswomen’s presence on social media and their activism, how athletes use these digital spaces to construct their identity is sure to have implications for how researchers also study collegiate athletes’ use of marketing and branding in the new era of name, image, and likeness. As Muhammad shows, sportswomen who historically have been exploited by the big business of sport because they are Black or Muslim, can now be assured a space for economic empowerment.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87350318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}