Language and Cognition最新文献_第8页

Matched or moved? Asymmetry in high- and low-level visual processing of motion events 匹配还是移动？运动事件高水平和低水平视觉处理中的不对称性

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2023.37

X. Fu, Norbert Vanek, L. Roberts

引用次数: 1

Tracing thick and thin concepts through corpora 通过语料库追踪粗细概念

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2023.35

K. Reuter, L. Baumgartner, P. Willemsen

引用次数: 2

Quality, not quantity, impacts the differentiation of near-synonyms 影响同义词区分的是质量，而不是数量

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2023.29

Aja Altenhof, Gareth Roberts

{"title":"Quality, not quantity, impacts the differentiation of near-synonyms","authors":"Aja Altenhof, Gareth Roberts","doi":"10.1017/langcog.2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How much information do language users need to differentiate potentially absolute synonyms into near-synonyms? How consistent must the information be? We present two simple experiments designed to investigate this. After exposure to two novel verbs, participants generalized them to positive or negative contexts. In Experiment 1, there was a tendency across conditions for the verbs to become differentiated by context, even following inconsistent, random, or neutral information about context during exposure. While a subset of participants matched input probabilities, a high proportion did not. As a consequence, the overall pattern was of growth in differentiation that did not closely track input distributions. Rather, there were two main patterns: When each verb had been presented consistently in a positive or negative context, participants overwhelmingly specialized both verbs in their output. When this was not the case, the verbs tended to become partially differentiated, with one becoming specialized and the other remaining less specialized. Experiment 2 replicated and expanded on Experiment 1 with the addition of a pragmatic judgment task and neutral contexts at test. Its results were consistent with Experiment 1 in supporting the conclusion that quality of input may be more important than quantity in the differentiation of synonyms.","PeriodicalId":45880,"journal":{"name":"Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49559139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Classifiers in competition for categorization 分类竞争中的分类器

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2023.27

Lin Peng, Sangwook Kang

{"title":"Classifiers in competition for categorization","authors":"Lin Peng, Sangwook Kang","doi":"10.1017/langcog.2023.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2023.27","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research probed how classifiers marking an object’s membership in the grammar of classifier languages like Mandarin Chinese and Korean may influence their speakers to categorize objects differently compared to speakers of non-classifier languages like English. Surveys in multiple-choice format were given to native speakers of the three languages. Analysis of the results demonstrated that significant proportions of Mandarin Chinese and Korean speakers behaved differently from English speakers due to the classifier-based strategy influencing classifier language speakers’ categorization. Adopting the Competition Model, we suggest that among the various categorizing strategies available to language users, the one with the greatest strength at the moment of performing the task wins the categorization competition. Classifiers that are grammaticalized in classifier languages may be providing their speakers with a powerful cognitive tool to notice diverse characteristics shared between objects, which is usually unavailable to non-classifier languages. Therefore, the strength of classifier-based strategy in the minds of classifier language speakers is strong enough to win some of the categorization competitions, which guides them to make different categorizing decisions from non-classifier language users.","PeriodicalId":45880,"journal":{"name":"Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47664877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning speaker-specific linguistic ‘style’ is mediated by deviance from common language use 学习说话人特有的语言“风格”是由对普通语言使用的偏差所介导的

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2023.32

Nitzan Trainin, E. Shetreet

{"title":"Learning speaker-specific linguistic ‘style’ is mediated by deviance from common language use","authors":"Nitzan Trainin, E. Shetreet","doi":"10.1017/langcog.2023.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2023.32","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Different speakers sometimes convey similar meanings differently. This study examined whether listeners could learn to associate a specific linguistic ‘style’ with a certain speaker, with no apparent difference in meaning, and the role of unnatural linguistic choices (or unexpectedness) in such learning. We created an inter-speaker variation in ‘style’ using the weak adjective ordering preferences in Hebrew. Participants were exposed to two different speakers, each producing a different adjective order, consistently. We manipulated the combinations of order pairings, based on their naturalness (with two natural orders, a natural and an unnatural order, and two unnatural orders), and examined participants’ ability to associate a unique order with a specific speaker. In two experiments, using different statistical analyses, we show that listeners can learn speaker-specific language use when it is irrelevant for meaning inferences, when deviance from natural or expected language use is involved. We further discuss whether learning may be facilitated by differences in naturalness or structural form. Our findings suggest that listeners are sensitive to inter-speaker variability in ‘style’, mostly when this ‘style’ is unexpected. This is in line with the predictions of Surprisal theory, and may suggest that surprisal plays a major role in learning speaker-specific language use.","PeriodicalId":45880,"journal":{"name":"Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42553807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sound-symbolic association between speech sound and spatial meaning in relation to the concepts of up/down and above/below 从上/下和上/下的概念看语音与空间意义之间的声音符号关联

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2023.31

L. Vainio, Alexandra Wikström, C. Repetto, M. Vainio

{"title":"Sound-symbolic association between speech sound and spatial meaning in relation to the concepts of up/down and above/below","authors":"L. Vainio, Alexandra Wikström, C. Repetto, M. Vainio","doi":"10.1017/langcog.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Research has shown sound-symbolic associations between speech sounds and conceptual and/or perceptual properties of a referent. This study used the choice response time method to investigate hypothesized associations between a high/low vowel and spatial concepts of up/down and above/below. The participants were presented with a stimulus that moved either upward or downward (Experiments 1 and 2), or that was located above or below the reference stimulus (Experiment 3), and they had to pronounce a vowel ([i] or [æ]) based on the spatial location of the stimulus. The study showed that the high vowel [i] was produced faster in relation to the up-directed and the above-positioned stimulus, while the low vowel [æ] was produced faster in relation to the down-directed and the below-positioned stimulus. In addition, the study replicated the pitch-elevation effect showing a raising of the vocalization pitch when vocalizations were produced to the up-directed stimulus. The article discusses these effects in terms of the involvement of sensorimotor processes in representing spatial concepts.","PeriodicalId":45880,"journal":{"name":"Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47941775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does reading about fictional minds make us more curious about real ones? 阅读关于虚构人物的文章会让我们对真实人物更加好奇吗？

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2023.30

L. S. Eekhof, R. Mar

{"title":"Does reading about fictional minds make us more curious about real ones?","authors":"L. S. Eekhof, R. Mar","doi":"10.1017/langcog.2023.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2023.30","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Although there is a large body of research assessing whether exposure to narratives boosts social cognition immediately afterward, not much research has investigated the underlying mechanism of this putative effect. This experiment investigates the possibility that reading a narrative increases social curiosity directly afterward, which might explain the short-term boosts in social cognition reported by some others. We developed a novel measure of state social curiosity and collected data from participants (N = 222) who were randomly assigned to read an excerpt of narrative fiction or expository nonfiction. Contrary to our expectations, we found that those who read a narrative exhibited less social curiosity afterward than those who read an expository text. This result was not moderated by trait social curiosity. An exploratory analysis uncovered that the degree to which texts present readers with social targets predicted less social curiosity. Our experiment demonstrates that reading narratives, or possibly texts with social content in general, may engage and fatigue social-cognitive abilities, causing a temporary decrease in social curiosity. Such texts might also temporarily satisfy the need for social connection, temporarily reducing social curiosity. Both accounts are in line with theories describing how narratives result in better social cognition over the long term.","PeriodicalId":45880,"journal":{"name":"Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48796545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What counts as a multimodal metaphor and metonymy? Evolution of inter-rater reliability across rounds of annotation 什么是多模态隐喻和转喻?跨轮注释间可靠性的演化

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2023.26

Paula Pérez Sobrino, Samantha Ford

{"title":"What counts as a multimodal metaphor and metonymy? Evolution of inter-rater reliability across rounds of annotation","authors":"Paula Pérez Sobrino, Samantha Ford","doi":"10.1017/langcog.2023.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2023.26","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An open question in research on multimodal figuration is how to mitigate the analyst’s bias in identifying and interpreting metaphor and metonymy; an issue that determines the generalizability of the findings. Little is known about the causes that motivate different annotations. Inter-rater reliability tests are useful to investigate the sources of variation in annotations by independent researchers that can help inform and refine protocols.\u0000 Inspired by existing procedures for verbal, visual, and filmic metaphor identification, we formulated instructions to identify multimodal metaphor and metonymy and tested it against a corpus of 21 generic advertisements and 21 genre-specific advertisements (mobile phones). Two independent researchers annotated the advertisements in six rounds. A joint discussion followed each round to consider conflicting annotations and refine the protocol for the ensuing round.\u0000 By examining the evolution of inter-rater reliability results, we found that (1) we reached similar levels of agreement for the identification of metaphor and metonymy, although converging on the interpretation of metonymy was more difficult; (2) some genre specificities made it easier to agree on the annotations for mobile advertisements than for the general advertisements; and (3) there was a consistent increase in the kappa scores reaching substantial agreement by the sixth round.","PeriodicalId":45880,"journal":{"name":"Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44665489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of L2 English on choice perception, interpretation, and preference for L1 Arabic speakers 第二语言英语对第一语言阿拉伯语使用者的选择感知、解释和偏好的影响

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2023.28

Lama AboHamed, Bassil Mashaqba, N. Al-Khawaldeh

{"title":"The impact of L2 English on choice perception, interpretation, and preference for L1 Arabic speakers","authors":"Lama AboHamed, Bassil Mashaqba, N. Al-Khawaldeh","doi":"10.1017/langcog.2023.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2023.28","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article compares risk tolerance of native Arabic speakers under two language contexts: their first language (L1 Arabic) and their foreign language (L2 English). We aim to evaluate whether thinking in a foreign language actually reduces the negative effects of cognitive biases, such as loss aversion and mental accounting, on financial decision-making. Toward this aim, we conducted two experiments in which the risk tolerance levels of 144 participants were evaluated across four different types of decision-making problems: the Asian disease problem, the financial crisis problem, the discount problem, and the ticket/money lost problem. In study 1, we adopted Keysar et al.’s (2012, Psychological Science, 23, 661–668) experiment to test the effect of L2 on framing effects associated with loss aversion, and in Study 2, we adopted Costa et al.’s (2014, Cognition, 130, 236–254) experiment to test the effect of L2 on framing effects associated with mental accounting biases. We found that individuals were risk-averse for gains and risk-seeking for losses when presented with choices in their L1, but were almost unaffected by framing manipulation under the L2 condition. When it came to mental accounting, however, framing effects were nearly absent in both L1 and L2 conditions. In our investigation, we examined various potential factors that could explain the foreign language effect on decision-making. The primary factor that appears to account for this linguistic phenomenon is the heightened cognitive and emotional distance experienced when using an L2.","PeriodicalId":45880,"journal":{"name":"Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46007058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The perceptual span in traditional Chinese 繁体汉语的感知广度

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2023.24

Jinger Pan, Ming Yan

引用次数: 0