{"title":"Traditional Chinese medicine treatment for benign thyroid nodules: Literature review.","authors":"Chun-Yao Cheng, Ching-Yuan Chen, Jian-Jung Chen, Chia-Ying Chuang","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_178_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_178_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid nodules (TNs) are pathological changes characterized by abnormal proliferation of thyroid gland tissue. Approximately 19% to 67% of asymptomatic individuals are diagnosed with TNs, with the majority being benign nodules and 4% to 6.5% being thyroid cancer nodules. Western medicine recommends regular examinations and surgery, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides an alternative choice to maintain thyroid function and reduce the need for surgery. However, in Taiwan, research on TCM treatment for benign TNs is primarily limited to case reports, lacking large-scale and systematic clinical studies. We conducted a search of electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure to collect clinical trials related to TCM treatment for TNs. Our goal is to provide new treatment options, further validate the value of TCM in the treatment of TNs, and lay a foundation for future clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":"36 2","pages":"142-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11025596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tzu Chi Medical JournalPub Date : 2024-03-26eCollection Date: 2024-04-01DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_243_23
Peeraporn Varinthra, Shameemun Naseer Mohamed Nizarul Anwar, Shu-Ching Shih, Ingrid Y Liu
{"title":"The role of the GABAergic system on insomnia.","authors":"Peeraporn Varinthra, Shameemun Naseer Mohamed Nizarul Anwar, Shu-Ching Shih, Ingrid Y Liu","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_243_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_243_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep is an essential activity for the survival of mammals. Good sleep quality helps promote the performance of daily functions. In contrast, insufficient sleep reduces the efficiency of daily activities, causes various chronic diseases like Alzheimer's disease, and increases the risk of having accidents. The GABAergic system is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system. It transits the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter via GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors to counterbalance excitatory neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, noradrenaline, serotonin, acetylcholine, orexin, and dopamine, which release and increase arousal activities during sleep. Several studies emphasized that dysfunction of the GABAergic system is related to insomnia, the most prevalent sleep-related disorder. The GABAergic system comprises the GABA neurotransmitter, GABA receptors, GABA synthesis, and degradation. Many studies have demonstrated that GABA levels correlate with sleep quality, suggesting that modulating the GABAergic system may be a promising therapeutic approach for insomnia. In this article, we highlight the significance of sleep, the classification and pathology of insomnia, and the impact of the GABAergic system changes on sleep. In addition, we also review the medications that target the GABAergic systems for insomnia, including benzodiazepines (BZDs), non-BZDs, barbiturates, GABA supplements, and Chinese herbal medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":"36 2","pages":"103-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11025592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tzu Chi Medical JournalPub Date : 2024-03-26eCollection Date: 2024-04-01DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_144_23
Hafizah Sururul Nur Rakhmawati, Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu, Bambang Purwanto, Andre Andarianto
{"title":"Exercise under hypoxia on glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Hafizah Sururul Nur Rakhmawati, Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu, Bambang Purwanto, Andre Andarianto","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_144_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_144_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze the impact of exercise under hypoxic exposure versus normoxic exposure on blood glucose level, insulin level, and insulin sensitivity in people at risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We systematically performed electronic searching on PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus. Primary studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using Revman 5.4.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine randomized controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. We found that physical exercise under hypoxic exposure had no significant effect on improving blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and insulin sensitivity in the elderly and sedentary people compared to normoxic condition. However, physical exercise during hypoxic exposure had a significant effect on lowering blood glucose levels in overweight/obese individuals (pooled Standardized Mean Difference = 0.29; 95% confidence interval = 0.01-0.57; <i>P</i> = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exercising under hypoxic exposure can be an alternative strategy for reducing blood glucose levels in overweight/obese people. Nevertheless, in other populations at risk of T2DM, exercising in hypoxic conditions gives similar results to normoxic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":"36 2","pages":"212-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11025589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A prospective review of the health-promoting potential of Jing Si Herbal Tea.","authors":"Tsung-Jung Ho, Tanvir Ahmed, Marthandam Asokan Shibu, Yu-Jung Lin, Cheng Yen Shih, Pi-Yu Lin, Shinn-Zong Ling, Chien-Yi Chiang, Wei-Wen Kuo, Chih-Yang Huang","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_194_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_194_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained considerable attention over the past few years for its multicomponent, multitarget, and multi-pathway approach to treating different diseases. Studies have shown that TCMs as adjuvant therapy along with conventional treatment may benefit in safely treating various disorders. However, investigations on finding effective herbal combinations are ongoing. A novel TCM formula, \"Jing Si Herbal Tea (JSHT),\" has been reported recently for their health-promoting effects in improving overall body and mental health. JSHT is a combination of eight herbs recognized in Chinese herbal pharmacopoeia for their anti-viral, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties as well as protective effects against cardiovascular, metabolic, neural, digestive, and genitourinary diseases. Thus, to better understand the beneficial effects of the ingredients of JSHT on health, this review intends to summarize the preclinical and clinical studies of the ingredients of JSHT on human health and diseases, and possible therapeutic effects with the related mode of actions and future prospects for their application in complementary therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10887337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tzu Chi Medical JournalPub Date : 2024-01-12eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_171_23
Lun-Yu Jao, Po-Chun Hsieh, Yao-Kuang Wu, I-Shiang Tzeng, Mei-Chen Yang, Wen-Lin Su, Chou-Chin Lan
{"title":"High-intensity aerobic exercise training improves exercise capacity, dyspnea, and fatigue in patients with severe asthma using triple inhaler.","authors":"Lun-Yu Jao, Po-Chun Hsieh, Yao-Kuang Wu, I-Shiang Tzeng, Mei-Chen Yang, Wen-Lin Su, Chou-Chin Lan","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_171_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_171_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide and causes severe symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and breathing difficulty. Despite modern treatments, 3%-10% of patients develop severe asthma, which requires high-dose medications, and they may still experience frequent and severe symptoms, exacerbations, and psychological impacts. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity aerobic exercise training (HIAET) in patients with severe asthma.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patients with severe asthma were recruited, and cardiopulmonary exercise tests, dyspnea, and leg fatigue scores were performed before HIAET. Participants underwent a 12-week hospital-based HIAET, which involved exercising twice weekly to reach 80% of their peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen patients with severe asthma underwent HIAET, which resulted in significant improvement in peak VO<sub>2</sub> (1214.0 ± 297.9-1349.4 ± 311.2 mL/min, <i>P</i> = 0.004) and work rate (80.6 ± 21.2-96.2 ± 24.8 watt, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and decrease in dyspnea (5.1 ± 1.8-4.1 ± 1.2, <i>P</i> = 0.017) and fatigue scores (5.2 ± 2.3-4.0 ± 1.2, <i>P</i> = 0.020) at peak exercise. No significant changes were observed in spirometry results, respiratory muscle strength, or circulatory parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIAET can lead to improved exercise capacity and reduced dyspnea and fatigue scores at peak exercise without changes in spirometry, respiratory muscle strength, and circulatory parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10887345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current treatment concepts for Achilles tendon rupture.","authors":"Chen-Chie Wang, Pei-Yu Chen, Kai-Chiang Yang, Chung-Li Wang, Ing-Ho Chen","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_113_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_113_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achilles tendon rupture is a common and primary cause of lower limb tendon injury suffered during sports-related activities. The causes of Achilles tendon rupture include the calf muscle and tendon overuse, poor tendon quality, and various medical conditions. Historically, acute Achilles tendon rupture was treated conservatively. However, historical techniques are now associated with an increased risk of rerupture. To address this problem, open repair has been proposed. Open repair is associated with a reduced risk of rerupture; however, it is also closely associated with wound complications, like wound infection, whose treatment is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair has been proposed as a promising option with acceptable functional outcomes. Nevertheless, despite its benefits, minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair is associated with increased risks of sural nerve injury and rerupture. In this review, we evaluate the currently used treatment strategies for acute Achilles tendon rupture and their historical evolution to provide evidence-based recommendations for physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10887342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A meta-analysis of alveolar bone grafting using bone substitutes in cleft lip and palate patients.","authors":"Indri Lakhsmi Putri, Pascalis Fabian, Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_125_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_125_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP), an alveolar bone graft (ABG) is carried out for alveolar cleft closure. Several sources for ABG include autologous bone, xenologous bone, and alloplastic substitutes. Autologous bone has been the preferred source for ABG. Alloplastic substitutes might serve as an alternative. This study aimed to compare the outcomes between autologous and alloplastic as sources for ABG. This study made use of eight web databases. Randomized control trial<i>s</i> (RCTs) and non-RCTs were included. CLP patients with alveolar cleft with imaging studies, computed tomography (CT scan) and/or cone beam CT scan, and bone graft volume within 6-12 months postintervention were selected. Bone graft volume within 6-12 months postintervention was assessed. Three studies met the inclusion criteria. After 6-12 months of follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences in bone graft volume between autologous and alloplastic bone grafts (fixed-effect model estimate value = 0.21; confidence interval - 0.301-0.730; <i>P</i> = 0.414). The limitations include small research sample sizes, a high likelihood of bias among included studies, and different alloplastic materials from each included study. Autologous and alloplastic bone grafts showed similar effectiveness in alveolar bone grafting. Further clinical trial studies with bigger sample sizes and similar interventions are needed as evidence for future reviews.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10887340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139975495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exercise training influence on cognitive capacity and mental health within chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – A pilot study","authors":"Cheng-Siao Hong, Yu-Chih Shen, En-Ting Chang, Hui-Chuan Hou, Yi-Jen Chen","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_128_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_128_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although pulmonary rehabilitation and regular exercise have improved negative emotions and cognitive capacity within cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), influence by exercise training upon different cognitive and memory functions in COPD is still controversial. This investigation aimed to assess whether cognitive performance and mental health are affected by the benefits of exercise training within cases of COPD.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This pilot investigation included thirty-three patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage ≥B. Based on the subjects’ rights, all included patients could choose to join either the exercise group or the control group, according to their free will. Twelve patients were assigned to receive exercise treatment over a 2-month period, while the remaining 16 patients were assigned to the control group. Cognitive capacity outcomes were measured using the Wechsler Memory Scale-III Word List Test, Stroop task, and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). Mood states were assessed through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Most cases demonstrated major improvement for BDI and BAI scorings post-60-day therapy. During PVT, the omission rate decreased, while the hit rate increased, indicating an improvement in attention performance. Furthermore, this investigation found a significant increase in immediate verbal and recognition memory for word–list test. However, no major performance shifts were found on Stroop analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This investigation demonstrated that a 2-month exercise training program resulted in significant improvement in negative emotions, immediate memory, recognition memory, and attention.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors affecting vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium colonization of in-hospital patients in different wards","authors":"Yun-Cheng Wang, Lih-Shinn Wang, Tsung-Cheng Hsieh, Hui-Chun Chung","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_117_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_117_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus\u0000 faecium (VRE) infection at a medical center in Eastern Taiwan rose to 80.6%, exceeding the average prevalence of 55.6% among all medical centers nationwide during the same period. In recent years, the number of cases of VRE infection detected among hospitalized patients has increased annually. However, most of these patients in different wards are asymptomatic carriers. Therefore, restricting active screening to high-risk units will not improve the current situation, and it is necessary to review the risk factors for VRE colonization to provide a reference for future infection control policies.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Between 2014 and 2019, there were 3188 VRE-positive cultures reported at our institution, as per the electronic medical records system.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the medical and surgical wards, patients who received penicillin (odds ratios [ORs]: 2.84 and 4.16, respectively) and third-generation cephalosporins (ORs: 3.17 and 6.19, respectively) were at higher risk of VRE colonization. In intensive care units, the use of carbapenems (OR: 2.08) was the most significant variable.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study demonstrated that the risk factors for VRE colonization differed between wards. Thus, policies should be established according to the attributes of patients in each ward, and active screening tests should be performed according to individual risks, instead of a policy for comprehensive mass screening.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":"80 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Hung, P. Ko, Chih-Ying Wang, C. Tsai, Hsing-Feng Lee
{"title":"Effect of hypoalbuminemia on mortality in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","authors":"T. Hung, P. Ko, Chih-Ying Wang, C. Tsai, Hsing-Feng Lee","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_211_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_211_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The impact of hypoalbuminemia on the short-term and long-term mortality of cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), both with and without renal function impairment, remains insufficiently elucidated based on population-based data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We retrieved data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database encompassing 14,583 hospitalized patients diagnosed with both cirrhosis and SBP during the period from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2013. Prognostic factors influencing 30-day and 3-year survival were computed. Furthermore, the impact of hypoalbuminemia on the mortality rate among SBP patients, with or without concurrent renal function impairment, was also assessed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The 30-day mortality rates for patients with SBP, comparing those with hypoalbuminemia and those without, were 18.3% and 29.4%, respectively (P < 0.001). Similarly, the 3-year mortality rates for SBP patients with hypoalbuminemia and those without were 73.7% and 85.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, adjusted for patients’ gender, age, and comorbid conditions, substantiated that individuals with hypoalbuminemia exhibit an inferior 30-day survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–1.74, P < 0.001) and reduced 3-year survival (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.50–1.63, P < 0.001) in comparison to those lacking hypoalbuminemia. Among SBP patients with renal function impairment, those presenting hypoalbuminemia also experienced diminished 30-day survival (HR: 1.81, 95% CI 1.57–2.07, P < 0.001) as well as reduced 3-year survival (HR: 1.70, 95% CI 1.54–1.87, P < 0.001). Likewise, in SBP patients without renal function impairment, the presence of hypoalbuminemia was associated with poorer 30-day survival (HR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.42–1.67, P < 0.001) and 3-year survival (HR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.46–1.60, P < 0.001).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Among cirrhotic patients with SBP, the presence of hypoalbuminemia predicts inferior short-term and long-term outcomes, regardless of renal function.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":"252 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}