Journal of the Polynesian Society最新文献_第10页

Tuai of Ngare Raumati: Teaching Europeans in the early 19th century Ngare Raumati的Tuai: 19世纪早期的欧洲教学

IF 0.6 4区历史学

Journal of the Polynesian Society Pub Date : 2017-03-30 DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.1.7-32

Alison L Jones, K. Jenkins

引用次数: 0

Cosmology and Structure: The Tāhuhu in the 19th-Century Whare Māori 宇宙学与结构:19世纪的Tāhuhu Whare Māori

IF 0.6 4区历史学

Journal of the Polynesian Society Pub Date : 2017-03-30 DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.1.93-122

J. Treadwell

{"title":"Cosmology and Structure: The Tāhuhu in the 19th-Century Whare Māori","authors":"J. Treadwell","doi":"10.15286/JPS.126.1.93-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.126.1.93-122","url":null,"abstract":"Maori construction and structural principles have received limited detailed attention since Reverend Herbert W. Williams published 'The Maori Whare: Notes on the Construction of a Maori House' in this journal in 1896. Since then, publications that have considered Maori construction have relied heavily on this text. Subsequent discussion of Maori construction has examined 19th-century practices largely through Western historical and technical perspectives. This paper discusses Maori building concepts and technology from a bicultural viewpoint, involving both Maori tectonics and cosmology, and Western engineering principles. In doing so it draws from a close scrutiny of 'whare' 'house' components, written and oral accounts of Maori cosmology and building, and from the analysis of large-scale structural models. The article focuses on the 'tahuhu' 'ridgepole' as a principal component of Maori architecture that activates both the primary cosmological structure of Te Ao Marama 'creation narrative' and the structural system of the 19th-century Maori house. It is argued that the 'tahuhu' in its metaphorical manifestation as the 'atua' 'god' Tane (within Te Ao Marama) corresponds in the construction of the 'whare' with the holding up of the roof, understood as Ranginui, the sky father. Monumental in scale and ancestry, the 'tahuhu' mobilised a cooperative social dimension to its deployment in the 'whare', co-opting manpower from 'hapu' and 'iwi' 'subtribal and tribal groups'. The paper concludes that the 'tahuhu' was a key element in a sophisticated and high performing Pacific building technology that was, in many ways, antithetical to Western building principles. Located in the abstract and conceptual distance of machine function, Western analysis appears to have failed to identify and understand the effective capacity of socially-collective Polynesian engineering.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"46 1","pages":"93-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90790904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Refining the Society Islands cultural sequence: Colonisation phase and developmental phase coastal occupation on Mo'orea Island 提炼社会群岛的文化序列:莫奥利亚岛的殖民阶段和发展阶段

IF 0.6 4区历史学

Journal of the Polynesian Society Pub Date : 2017-03-30 DOI: 10.15286/JPS.1.1.33-60

Jennifer G. Kahn, Y. Sinoto

{"title":"Refining the Society Islands cultural sequence: Colonisation phase and developmental phase coastal occupation on Mo'orea Island","authors":"Jennifer G. Kahn, Y. Sinoto","doi":"10.15286/JPS.1.1.33-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.1.1.33-60","url":null,"abstract":"The Society Islands are critical to chronology building in East Polynesia, as the archipelago served as a potential first landfall for voyagers moving out of the West Polynesia homeland. Yet determining the particulars of migration sequences and settlement chronology in the Society Islands, like the rest of East Polynesia, has been challenging. Here, we report on a dating and re-dating program of four coastal sites on the island of Moʻorea, Windward Society Islands, aimed at refining the archipelago's cultural chronology and its place within larger settlement trends for East Polynesia. We begin with a brief discussion of 1960s archaeological research in the Society Islands and the archipelago's role in the East Polynesian colonisation debate before turning to a discussion of the newly dated and re-dated Mo'orea coastal sites. Our new corpus of 14C dates provides evidence for two well-studied Mo'orea Island sites dating to the Colonisation Phase (GS-1 and ScMf-5). The earliest dated occupation of the ScMf-5 site contained an earth oven, diverse artefacts and dense faunal remains indicative of a permanent, and perhaps large, settlement along the north shore of Moʻorea. Results point to established Society Island populations from the 11th to 13th centuries AD, supporting both the Conservative Model of East Polynesian settlement and more inclusive synthetic models. Developmental Phase dates from ScMf-2 illustrate that new parts of the Moʻorea north shore were inhabited at this time, while other earlier coastal sites continued to be occupied, tentatively suggesting population increase. The re-dated M5 site, with its elaborate temples of the 'Oro cult style, fits well into accepted dates for the Classic Phase. Our re-dating program has not only allowed us to refine the Society Islands cultural sequence, but has permitted precise identification or confirmation of two sites dating to the Colonisation Phase.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"33-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82957697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Allographs, Graphic Variants and Iconic Formulae in the Kohau Rongorongo Script of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Rapa Nui(复活节岛)Kohau Rongorongo文字中的异位文字、图形变体和符号公式

IF 0.6 4区历史学

Journal of the Polynesian Society Pub Date : 2017-03-30 DOI: 10.15286/JPS.1.1.61-92

A. Davletshin

{"title":"Allographs, Graphic Variants and Iconic Formulae in the Kohau Rongorongo Script of Rapa Nui (Easter Island)","authors":"A. Davletshin","doi":"10.15286/JPS.1.1.61-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.1.1.61-92","url":null,"abstract":"In a writing system with a large number of signs, in particular in the case of a pictorial script, some similarity of two graphic designs is an insufficient basis for considering them to have the same reading value. This paper seeks to apply concepts developed in the graphic analysis of other pictorial writing systems to the still undeciphered script of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). The following technical terms are adapted and defined from both theoretical and practical points of view: sign, reading value, graphic design, allograph, graphic variant, seeming graphic variant, iconic formula, and complete, incomplete and false substitution. A modified version of the substitution method (method of inverse sign substitution) is proposed for verifying equivalences and differences between readings values corresponding to the graphic designs analysed in this paper. This method is based on the assumption that two graphic designs that possess the same reading value are in free distribution, so the probability of sign substitution between them should be close to the probability obtained by multiplying the probabilities of their occurrences in texts. Application of these technical concepts to the parallel texts discovered by Boris Kudrjavtzev shows that many graphically similar signs with different reading values have not been previously recognised. This conservative graphic analysis also has permitted the identification of allographs in the strict sense of the word, i.e., signs that look different but possess the same reading value. However, technically speaking, “allograph” in the strict sense of the word is an antonym for “graphic variant”. It is suggested that the method of iconic formulae provides a useful foundation for future iconographic analysis of the highly pictorial signs of the Kohau Rongorongo script.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"75 1","pages":"61-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83848667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Indigenous entrepreneurship: Cultural coding and the transformation of Ngati Whatua in New Zealand 本土创业:文化编码与新西兰Ngati Whatua的转型

IF 0.6 4区历史学

Journal of the Polynesian Society Pub Date : 2016-12-29 DOI: 10.15286/JPS.125.4.359-382

M. Kawharu

{"title":"Indigenous entrepreneurship: Cultural coding and the transformation of Ngati Whatua in New Zealand","authors":"M. Kawharu","doi":"10.15286/JPS.125.4.359-382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.125.4.359-382","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation and entrepreneurial endeavour by Māori communities is increasingly capturing the attention of academics and wider society, but like indigenous entrepreneurship studies more generally, Māori entrepreneurship is still a relatively new field of study. A gap or an opportunity in both cases is to critically examine the application of culture in entrepreneurship. Culture can of course mean many things to many people. Theoretical insights concerning culture in indigenous entrepreneurship will develop as case studies are investigated, and factors unique or different to each are understood. In this article, therefore, and in contributing towards theory development, I explore one particular innovation, modelled by a frame called cultural coding for entrepreneurship. Cultural coding identifies and examines essential features for the successes that unfolded within the Auckland-located kin community Ngāti Whātua as they pursued an extraordinary entrepreneurial endeavour: acquiring and then securing a large area of central business district land (the Railway Land, including the former central Auckland Railway Station) in New Zealand’s largest city. Case study analysis is further aided by insights stemming from renowned economists Ludwig Lachman and Joseph Schumpeter concerning combining and recombining resources in new ways, and the related idea of “opportunity recognition”. The resources were principally the people and their values, but they also included land and finance, without which there was no enterprise. This article stems from research undertaken within Indigenous Entrepreneurship 382 the author’s community from a researcher position that is located between the insider and outsider dichotomies, but which is more aligned to a nuanced Māori research positionality described in this research as a whakapapa or genealogically-informed “included researcher”.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"25 1","pages":"359-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72930715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

A Tale of Two Rangatira: Rewi Maniapoto, Wiremu Tamihana and the Waikato War 《两个兰加蒂拉的故事:路易·马尼阿波托、维瑞姆·塔米哈纳和怀卡托战争

IF 0.6 4区历史学

Journal of the Polynesian Society Pub Date : 2016-12-29 DOI: 10.15286/jps.125.4.341-357

V. O'Malley

{"title":"A Tale of Two Rangatira: Rewi Maniapoto, Wiremu Tamihana and the Waikato War","authors":"V. O'Malley","doi":"10.15286/jps.125.4.341-357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/jps.125.4.341-357","url":null,"abstract":"The depiction of Ngāti Maniapoto generally and Rewi Maniapoto in particular as extremists with an almost fanatical determination to fight the British runs deep in the historiography of the New Zealand Wars, all the way from John Featon to G. W. Rusden, James Cowan to Keith Sinclair and others. And a corollary argument is that Ngāti Maniapoto, through their actions and gestures, provoked the Crown (whether justly or unjustly) into launching an invasion of the Waikato district in July 1863, and 357 Vincent O’Malley then escaped virtually scot-free from the subsequent confiscation of lands. Even fierce critics of the government’s actions in the 1860s thus end up at least partly legitimising or justifying war and confiscation by reference to the supposed partial provocation of Ngāti Maniapoto and their leader. Their stance is often contrasted with that of Wiremu Tamihana, who is said to have been leader of the “moderate” Kīngitanga faction. This article argues that the differences between the two rangatira have been overstated. Wiremu Tamihana and Rewi Maniapoto had more in common than divided them. Furthermore, rather than conceptualising this in terms of “moderate” versus “extremist”, the difference between the two rangatira might be better conceptualised as idealist versus realist. Considered within the context of Māori custom, moreover, both men operated within the accepted limits of chiefly behaviour, which was concerned above all with questions of mana.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"98 1","pages":"341-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85901440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Minutes of the 125th Annual General Meeting 第125届股东周年大会记录

IF 0.6 4区历史学

Journal of the Polynesian Society Pub Date : 2016-12-29 DOI: 10.15286/jps.125.4.454-456

H. MacDonald

引用次数: 0

Narrative Features and Cultural Motifs in a Cautionary Tradition from Mangaia (Cook Islands). 库克群岛曼加亚警语传统的叙事特征和文化母题。

IF 0.6 4区历史学

Journal of the Polynesian Society Pub Date : 2016-12-29 DOI: 10.15286/JPS.125.4.383-410

Michael P. J. Reilly

引用次数: 1

Obituary: David Simmons, MBE (1930â€“2015) 讣告:大卫·西蒙斯，MBE (1930 - 2015)

IF 0.6 4区历史学

Journal of the Polynesian Society Pub Date : 2016-12-29 DOI: 10.15286/jps.125.4.339-340

R. Benton

引用次数: 0

Index to Volume 125 第125卷索引

IF 0.6 4区历史学

Journal of the Polynesian Society Pub Date : 2016-12-29 DOI: 10.15286/JPS.125.4.457-458

H. MacDonald

引用次数: 0