Forensic Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Expression of Concern: Sequencing of Human Identification Markers in an Uyghur Population Using the MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics System.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owae010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10965027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern: Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing with Short Overlapping Amplicons on Miseq FGx System.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owae012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10965020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic DNA database and criminal investigation in the Sahel region: a need to update the national security policy?","authors":"Moutanou M J Zeye, Serge Y Ouedraogo, Missa Millogo, Florencia W Djigma, Abdou A Zoure, Moctar Zeba, Rachide Palenfo, Noe Dakio, Silvere D Zaongo, Xiang Wu, Jacques Simpore","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ongoing terrorist attacks in the Sahel region call for strengthening the security system by using human DNA identification technology. In this context, public opinion must be considered when establishing solid standards and universal safeguards for one of the most invasive forms of surveillance and profiling. For this purpose, we gathered internet users' opinions in Burkina Faso (a country located in the Sahel region) on the use of DNA technology to support criminal investigations. The results revealed that 91.7% (431) of the 470 participants believed that this technology is currently necessary for the Burkina Faso's criminal justice system. However, the respondents expressed concerns about the custody and management of a national forensic DNA database. In this particular security setting, the public opinion of this study may provide leaders and political policymakers with clues for considering genetic fingerprints and implementing an national forensic DNA database to support criminal investigations in Burkina Faso whilst also considering the ethical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"owad056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homicide among Indigenous females in North Carolina: a comparison of publicly generated data and violent death reporting system.","authors":"Muhammad Hudhud, Scott Proescholdbell, Tammy Norwood, Crystal Cavalier-Keck, Ronny A Bell","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Like other minoritized populations, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) females experience disparate morbidity and mortality outcomes to that of the general US population. This study identified discrepancies in reporting of AI/AN female decedents between the North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System (NC-VDRS) and an online, user-generated database. Female AI/AN decedent data of all ages were collected from the NC-VDRS and compared against that of the publicly available North Carolina Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW NC) database for the study period, 2004-2019. Twenty-four of the 72 cases matched between data systems (33.3%). Substantive differences between the NC-VDRS and the MMIW NC database were found. Future efforts should be directed towards supporting Indigenous communities with the comprehensive data the NC-VDRS can provide. This paper highlights statewide public health systems like the NC-VDRS supporting community efforts to understand, advocate for, and disseminate information on MMIW.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owad057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10965021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissimulation in forensic psychiatric evaluations, a case-control study of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III.","authors":"Roberta Risola, Gabriele Mandarelli, Ignazio Grattagliano, Anna Cassano, Antonia Valerio, Cristiano Barbieri, Roberto Catanesi","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The possible tendency of subjects to decrease, hide, or omit symptomatic aspects of their mental functioning is one of the main problems in forensic psychological and psychiatric evaluations. We aimed at verifying the possible existence of significant differences in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) scales scores between a sample of dissimulators (<i>n</i> = 40) and their non-dissimulator counterpart matched by age, sex, and diagnosis. Cases and comparisons were retrieved from the archive of a single university forensic psychiatric centre between 2013 and 2022. Results showed statistically significant higher scores in the sample of dissimulators in the Desirability, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Compulsive MCMI-III scales than in the comparison sample. Point biserial correlation test disclosed a strong positive correlation between the Desirability, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Compulsive scales of the MCMI-III and being in the dissimulator group of subjects while a negative correlation emerged for all the other scales except drug dependence.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>The forensic setting can affect a subject's behaviour.Dissimulation is a mechanism of minimization or concealment of a psycho-pathological condition.The MCMI-III can be a useful tool for a forensic psychiatrist or forensic psychologist in assessing dissimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owad054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10986745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bullet ricochet mark plan-view morphology in concrete: an experimental assessment of five bullet types and two distances using machine learning.","authors":"Metin I Eren, Jay Romans, Robert S Walker, Briggs Buchanan, Alastair Key","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owad051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bullet ricochets are common occurrences during shooting incidents and can provide a wealth of information useful for shooting incident reconstruction. However, there have only been a small number of studies that have systematically investigated bullet ricochet impact site morphology. Here, this study reports on an experiment that examined the plan-view morphology of 297 ricochet impact sites in concrete that were produced by five different bullet types shot from two distances. This study used a random forest machine learning algorithm to classify bullet types with morphological dimensions of the ricochet mark (impact) with length and perimeter-to-area ratio emerging as the top predictor variables. The 0.22 LR leaves the most distinctive impact mark on the concrete, and overall, the classification accuracy using leave-one-out cross-validation is 62%, considerably higher than a random classification accuracy of 20%. Adding in distance to the model as a predictor increases the classification accuracy to 66%. These initial results are promising, in that they suggest that an unknown bullet type can potentially be determined, or at least probabilistically assessed, from the morphology of the ricochet impact site alone. However, the substantial amount of overlap this study documented among distinct bullet types' ricochet mark morphologies under highly controlled conditions and with machine learning suggests that the human identification of ricochet marks in real-world shooting incident reconstructions may be on occasion, or perhaps regularly, in error.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>Bullet ricochet impact sites can help with shooting incident reconstruction.A random forest machine learning algorithm classified bullet type from ricochet morphology.Results suggest that unknown bullets can potentially be determined from ricochet impact site morphology.Human identification of bullet types from ricochet sites may be erroneous.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owad051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10982854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the strategy to identify historical military remains: a literature review and Y-STR meta-analysis.","authors":"Melinda R Mitchell, Janet Chaseling, Lee Jones, Toni White, Andrew Bernie, Larisa M Haupt, Lyn R Griffiths, Kirsty M Wright","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owad050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of historical military remains by Unrecovered War Casualties-Army (UWC-A) currently relies on Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat (Y-STR) testing when maternal relatives are not available, or when a mitochondrial DNA match does not provide sufficient certainty of identification. However, common Y-STR profiles (using Yfiler™) between sets of remains or families often prevent identification. To resolve these cases, an investigation of additional Y-DNA markers is needed for their potential inclusion into the DNA identification strategy. The number of genetic transmissions between missing soldiers and their living relatives needs to be considered to avoid false exclusions between paternal relatives. Analysis of 236 World War I/II (WWI/II) era pairs of relatives identified up to seven genetic transmissions between WWII soldiers and their living relatives, and nine for WWI. Previous Y-STR meta-analyses were published approximately 10 years ago when rapidly mutating markers were relatively new. This paper reports a contemporary literature review and meta-analysis of 35 studies (which includes 23 studies not previously used in meta-analysis) and 23 commonly used Y-STR's mutation rates to inform the inclusion of additional loci to UWC-A's DNA identification strategy. Meta-analysis found mutation data for a given Y-STR locus could be pooled between studies and that the mutation rates were significantly different between some loci (at <i>P</i> < 0.05). Based on this meta-analysis, we have identified two additional markers from PowerPlex® Y23 for potential inclusion in UWC-A's identification strategy. Further avenues for potential experimental exploration are discussed.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>From 236 UWC-A pairs of relatives, we observed up to nine genetic transmissions between WWI soldiers and their living relatives, and seven for WWII.MedCalc® software for meta-analysis utilizing the Freeman-Tukey transformation was run, which analysed 35 published studies and 23 commonly used loci. Previous Y-STR mutation rate meta-analyses are now 10 years old; this paper includes 23 studies that were not included in previous meta-analyses.Through meta-analysis, we identify two markers from PowerPlex® Y23 for potential inclusion in UWC-A's historical remains identification strategy (alongside Yfiler™). We discuss potential next steps for experimental exploration of additional Y-DNA markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owad050"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10982847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive explorations of population characteristics and genetic background of the Chinese Mongolian group from Northwest China via a self-developed multiplex InDel panel","authors":"Xuebing Chen, Hui Xu, Wei Cui, Ming Zhao, Bofeng Zhu","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphisms and population characteristics of the Mongolian group from northwest China (NCM) through the self-developed panel of 43 autosomal insertion/deletion (A-InDel) polymorphism genetic markers. Herein, 288 unrelated healthy individuals from the NCM group were employed to obtain the genetic data of 43 A-InDels through PCR amplification and InDel genotyping. In addition, multiplex forensic genetic analyses were performed between the NCM group and 27 reference populations. There were no deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in the NCM group. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) value ranged from 0.3128 to 0.5592, and the combined power of discrimination (CPD) and the cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) values were 0.9999999999999999999877 and 0.999814, respectively, in the NCM group. Forensic parameters indicate that this panel is polymorphic and informative in the NCM group and can be used as an effective complementary tool for forensic personal identification. Furthermore, the results of pairwise genetic distance, principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, and admixture analysis between the NCM group and 27 reference populations reveal that there is a close genetic relationship between the NCM group and East Asian populations, especially the Chinese Hui group (CHH) group from the northwest China, consistent with the geographical location. These findings contribute to the ongoing genetic exploration and insights into the genetic architecture of the NCM group.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corpses identification in mass disasters and other violence: the ethical challenges of a humanitarian approach","authors":"Vina Vaswani, Luciana Caenazzo, Derek R. Congram","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In October 2022, the Centre for Ethics of Yenepoya University hosted a national workshop entitled: ‘Respect for human dignity of the unidentified dead from mass disasters and other violence: strategies for the ethical management of biological samples and personal data’. The aim was to explore and share experience and ethical considerations regarding the management and identification of human remains in the event of disasters, with the purpose to arrive at a general consensus about what constitutes the ethical foundation of the management of unidentified human remains in forensic practice and, in particular, contextualizing this in India.\u0000 The main ethical consideration that emerged was racing the missing and identifying the dead are crucial to maintaining or restoring basic human rights and responsible relief activities.\u0000 Identification is not only an organizational and scientific achievement but, regardless of circumstances, it is also necessarily and always an activity with significant political, epistemic and philosophical relevance and consequence.\u0000 In India, it could be important to consider new legal provisions for the management of human samples so that this would provide a starting point for the treatment of human remains managed for forensic purposes with uniformity in the Country. Another important step in which governments should take part regards the involvement and education of the general public to develop their interest in this important goal.\u0000 In the field of forensic anthropology, artificial intelligence can support, through the use of algorithms, the decision-making process that leads to the identification of the victim or its remains. Furthermore, they can be used to extract new knowledge from huge databases and shorten identification through computer automation of data binding activities.\u0000 Applying AI tools in forensic sciences to collect new information from massive datasets to enhance knowledge, and reduce human subjectivity and errors, provides a greater scientific basis that could improve the strength of the evidence and support the admissibility of expert evidence.\u0000 In light of the general lack of national/international guidance about ethical oversight for identification and care of human remains, the fact that regulations are frequently not adequate to govern ethical aspects, we hope that an internationally recognized body should develop such guidance in collaboration with relevant organizations.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"82 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving accuracy of age estimates for insect evidence—calibration of physiological age at emergence (k) using insect size but without ‘k versus size’ model","authors":"Jędrzej Wydra, Łukasz Smaga, S. Matuszewski","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Postmortem interval (PMI) may be estimated based on the age of insect evidence collected on a death scene. Reference data that are used in such estimation frequently comprise thermal summation constant (ie, k), which is equal to the insect age upon completion of immature development expressed in accumulated degree-days or degree-hours (ADD or ADH). Essentially, k is a central point of an insect group and it may poorly represent insect evidence that is near the limits of variation for the group. Accordingly, it was postulated to calibrate k for particular insect evidence and insect size and sex were found to be useful for this purpose in some of the species. However, the calibration is only possible by using the model that correlates k with insect size. Since very few such models were published, this lack of data limits the calibration of k in forensic casework. In this article we develop a formula that is useful for the calibration of k without the use of ‘k versus size’ model (and related datasets). The formula uses k from the general thermal summation model for a species (with its standard error), size range for the species (retrieved from entomology literature) and size measurements for particular insect evidence. The calibration of k with the formula was validated using the Creophilus maxillosus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and Necrodes littoralis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) datasets. It was particularly useful while analyzing unusually small and large insects, in case of which the formula reduced the inaccuracy of k from the general model on average by about 25 ADD in C. maxillosus and about 40 ADD in N. littoralis. We discuss the limitations and prospects of the calibration protocol that employs the formula.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":" 602","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}