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The path to kina convertibility: An analysis of Papua New Guineaʼs foreign exchange market 人民币可兑换之路:对巴布亚新几内亚外汇市场的分析
IF 1.9 3区 社会学
Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1002/app5.358
Martin Davies, Marcel Schröder
{"title":"The path to kina convertibility: An analysis of Papua New Guineaʼs foreign exchange market","authors":"Martin Davies,&nbsp;Marcel Schröder","doi":"10.1002/app5.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.358","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Papua New Guinea (PNG) has faced a foreign exchange (forex) shortage since 2015. The Bank of PNG has resorted to forex rationing to protect reserves, leading to a large backlog of orders and import compression. This paper surveys the structure of PNGʼs forex market and analyses recent market conditions. We argue that a real exchange rate depreciation is required to restore currency convertibility. We develop a forex market model that features a backlog of unmet orders which suggests that a frontloaded depreciation is preferred to an often-favored gradual adjustment. Empirical results indicate that the governmentʼs large budget deficits have contributed to the forex shortage, highlighting the need for greater fiscal restraint. In the longer term, we argue for more exchange rate flexibility and forex allocation through competitive auction.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"9 3","pages":"465-482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137674685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Female rural–urban migrants and online marketplaces in emerging economies: Evidence from Thailand and Vietnam 新兴经济体的城乡女性移民与网络市场:来自泰国和越南的证据
IF 1.9 3区 社会学
Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1002/app5.359
Trung Thanh Nguyen, Manh Hung Do
{"title":"Female rural–urban migrants and online marketplaces in emerging economies: Evidence from Thailand and Vietnam","authors":"Trung Thanh Nguyen,&nbsp;Manh Hung Do","doi":"10.1002/app5.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.359","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research aimed to examine the factors affecting the participation of female rural–urban migrants in online marketplaces, and the welfare gains and their distribution. Our analysis was based on a unique dataset of rural households, villages, and rural–urban migrants in Thailand and Vietnam. Online market participation is classified into three activities: financial transactions, trading, and business. We accounted for the endogeneity issue of online market participation in the assessment of welfare impact by using an instrumental variable approach. Our results show that participation has a positive effect on the consumption of female migrants only when they participate in the complete bundle of online market activities. In addition, we find that the poor benefit insignificantly from online marketplaces. This raises a concern about increasing welfare inequality and suggests the poor should be supported so they are not left behind.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"9 3","pages":"317-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137720316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Popular political attitudes in Samoa: Findings of the Pacific Attitudes Survey 萨摩亚民众的政治态度:太平洋态度调查的结果
IF 1.9 3区 社会学
Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies Pub Date : 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/app5.357
Michael Leach, Julien Barbara, Ioana Chan Mow, Sina Vaai, Christopher Mudaliar, Patila Amosa, Louise Mataia, Susana Tauaa, Taema Imo, Vernetta Heem
{"title":"Popular political attitudes in Samoa: Findings of the Pacific Attitudes Survey","authors":"Michael Leach,&nbsp;Julien Barbara,&nbsp;Ioana Chan Mow,&nbsp;Sina Vaai,&nbsp;Christopher Mudaliar,&nbsp;Patila Amosa,&nbsp;Louise Mataia,&nbsp;Susana Tauaa,&nbsp;Taema Imo,&nbsp;Vernetta Heem","doi":"10.1002/app5.357","DOIUrl":"10.1002/app5.357","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Popular political attitudes surveys have been conducted globally for several decades, but the Pacific region remains an exception. This paper presents the findings of the first <i>Pacific Attitudes Survey</i> (PAS), conducted in Samoa from December 2020-January 2021. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of Samoans of voting-age (n = 1319) the PAS gauges the attitudes of ordinary Samoans to their democracy, levels of popular trust in institutions, attitudes towards the role of government, and to women's participation in politics. Findings reveal high levels of support for democracy and trust in democratic institutions. At the same time, popular political attitudes highlight a distinct model of Samoan democracy, in which respect for modern democratic norms is tempered and entwined with deeper traditions of Samoan community and identity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"9 3","pages":"408-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125032630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why does currency denomination in external liabilities of small island developing states matter? Evidence from Fiji 小岛屿发展中国家对外负债中的货币面额为何重要?来自斐济的证据
IF 1.9 3区 社会学
Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/app5.356
Devendra Kumar Jain, Rup Singh, Henali Kumar, Nikeel Kumar, Arvind Patel
{"title":"Why does currency denomination in external liabilities of small island developing states matter? Evidence from Fiji","authors":"Devendra Kumar Jain,&nbsp;Rup Singh,&nbsp;Henali Kumar,&nbsp;Nikeel Kumar,&nbsp;Arvind Patel","doi":"10.1002/app5.356","DOIUrl":"10.1002/app5.356","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The valuation effects on international investment position induced by the exchange rate volatility are not uniform or easily manageable in small and vulnerable economies when compared with larger developing or developed countries. To investigate the underlying dynamics, we developed a foreign currency exposure index over the period 2006–2019. The positive reading of the index suggests that though Fiji has a high net negative international investment position (90% of its GDP), it does not pose any serious risk. To ascertain determinants of Fijiʼs exposure index, we applied fully modified ordinary least square and autoregressive distributed lag bounds test. We have compared both estimates for consistency. Our findings suggest that the underlying determinants of Fijiʼs currency exposure are foreign debt, trade openness and exchange rate. This article bridges the gap in the literature on currency exposure risks in small island developing states and is the first study of its kind for the Pacific region.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"9 3","pages":"447-464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131307019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wage arbitrage through skilled emigration: Evidence from the Pacific Islands 技术移民带来的工资套利:来自太平洋岛屿的证据
IF 1.9 3区 社会学
Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/app5.355
Satish Chand, Michael Clemens, Helen Dempster
{"title":"Wage arbitrage through skilled emigration: Evidence from the Pacific Islands","authors":"Satish Chand,&nbsp;Michael Clemens,&nbsp;Helen Dempster","doi":"10.1002/app5.355","DOIUrl":"10.1002/app5.355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Skilled workers in poor countries earn wages a fraction of that of their counterparts in rich nations. Here, we estimate the opportunities for wage arbitrage from emigration of workers from the Pacific Islands into Australia and New Zealand. Our calculations, based on wages earned by graduate accountants, computer science graduates and cooks with Certificate III qualifications, reveal wage premiums of a factor of up to 10 from emigration. Likewise, the cost of training to Australian standards within the Pacific Islands is as little as a third of that in Australia meaning that the total factor of economic arbitrage is 30.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"9 3","pages":"430-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121647308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Global labour, local frameworks: Timor-Leste and Australiaʼs Seasonal Worker Programme 全球劳工、地方框架:东帝汶和澳大利亚的季节工方案
IF 1.9 3区 社会学
Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/app5.354
Michael Rose
{"title":"Global labour, local frameworks: Timor-Leste and Australiaʼs Seasonal Worker Programme","authors":"Michael Rose","doi":"10.1002/app5.354","DOIUrl":"10.1002/app5.354","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2018–19 some 12,000 people from the Pacific and Timor-Leste came to Australia with its Seasonal Worker Programme (SWP), part of a worldwide trend towards labour mobility. The ways in which Timorese workers use money earned individually within the SWP are shaped by broadly collectivist frameworks for understanding wealth and work embedded in their home communities. Drawing on fieldwork in Timor-Leste and the literature on livelihood seeking and governance there, this article shows how for most Timorese in the SWP the impact of international work is mediated by local custom.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"9 2","pages":"165-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123550516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Barriers to integrating diagnostic services for febrile illness to support surveillance and patient management in Asia-Pacific 在亚太地区整合发热性疾病诊断服务以支持监测和患者管理的障碍
IF 1.9 3区 社会学
Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1002/app5.353
Gamuchirai Pamela Gwaza, Marie Lamy, Rittika Datta, Sabine Dittrich
{"title":"Barriers to integrating diagnostic services for febrile illness to support surveillance and patient management in Asia-Pacific","authors":"Gamuchirai Pamela Gwaza,&nbsp;Marie Lamy,&nbsp;Rittika Datta,&nbsp;Sabine Dittrich","doi":"10.1002/app5.353","DOIUrl":"10.1002/app5.353","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As malaria cases continue to decline in Asia, an integrated service delivery approach is ever more urgent to ensure that no malaria and fever cases are missed, and that malaria health workers continue contributing to broader infectious disease control efforts. However, despite its perceived merit, translating integrated surveillance into practice poses several systemic challenges. This article aims to identify what is hindering improved processes for integrating diagnostic and surveillance services for febrile illnesses. Data from peer-reviewed and grey literature were reviewed using a systems approach based on the World Health Organisation health systems building blocks to fully understand the connections between different elements and system implications of integration. We include snippets from Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia and Nepal, highlighting expanded diagnostic integration best practices. This review provides a foundation for ‘integration roadmaps’ that can be adapted to different contexts and guide national stakeholders on the operational and political steps for a successful integration model. Such a model can support malaria elimination efforts and serve as a public health tool in the context of disease surveillance and regional health security.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"9 2","pages":"196-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134265161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The hidden dimension to political instability: Insights from ministerial durations in Papua New Guinea from 1972 to 2017 政治不稳定的隐藏维度:从1972年至2017年巴布亚新几内亚部长任期的观察
IF 1.9 3区 社会学
Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.1002/app5.352
Henry Ivarature
{"title":"The hidden dimension to political instability: Insights from ministerial durations in Papua New Guinea from 1972 to 2017","authors":"Henry Ivarature","doi":"10.1002/app5.352","DOIUrl":"10.1002/app5.352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article introduces a dataset on ministerial tenure in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The dataset, which spans from 1972 to 2017 and covers 15 governments and 321 ministers, is used to study ministerial duration and stability. To do this, two measures of ministerial duration and two stability indicators have been developed. These measures show that ministerial instability is high in PNG but it has not become worse over time. They also show, however, that instability has varied considerably between governments. Drawing on PNGʼs political history, this article provides a discussion of this variation by examining the circumstances of particular governments.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"9 2","pages":"134-146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126247413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Meeting malaria elimination targets and remaining challenges: Qualitative research on perceptions of stakeholders in India and Southeast Asia 实现消除疟疾的目标和仍然存在的挑战:对印度和东南亚利益攸关方看法的定性研究
IF 1.9 3区 社会学
Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1002/app5.347
Jamie Guth, Marie Lamy, Nikhil Murali, Patil Pankaj, Yongyuth Yuthavong
{"title":"Meeting malaria elimination targets and remaining challenges: Qualitative research on perceptions of stakeholders in India and Southeast Asia","authors":"Jamie Guth,&nbsp;Marie Lamy,&nbsp;Nikhil Murali,&nbsp;Patil Pankaj,&nbsp;Yongyuth Yuthavong","doi":"10.1002/app5.347","DOIUrl":"10.1002/app5.347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Meeting global and national malaria elimination targets requires identifying challenges as early as possible so that strategies can be modified to stay on track. This qualitative study of stakeholders who have a major influence on malaria programs across the Southeast Asian region, including those at a state level in India and at a national level in Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, shows that most believe <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria elimination targets are attainable, but are less optimistic for meeting <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> targets. Across these countries, stakeholders reported large variations in access to malaria diagnosis and treatment; the effectiveness of strategies for reaching migrants and hard-to-serve populations; and securing sufficient numbers of skilled workers for both diagnosis and compliance with artemisinin-combination treatments and the need to optimise use of insecticides. Additionally, there was optimism about coordinated surveillance and response, but this was counterbalanced with a sense that national and regional collaboration opportunities have been missed. Climate change impacts were seen as a potential threat by all stakeholders in this study and in need of further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"9 2","pages":"178-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133977870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local divergence and obstacles to spur inclusive coastal development in Iloilo Province, the Philippines 菲律宾伊洛伊洛省促进包容性沿海发展的地方差异和障碍
IF 1.9 3区 社会学
Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1002/app5.348
Edo Andriesse
{"title":"Local divergence and obstacles to spur inclusive coastal development in Iloilo Province, the Philippines","authors":"Edo Andriesse","doi":"10.1002/app5.348","DOIUrl":"10.1002/app5.348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This purpose of this article is to demonstrate (1) how growing seaweed in the central Philippines is affected by multifaceted local dynamics and (2) how it is also dependent on the complementary livelihood strategies of in situ and ex situ diversification. This article explores the livelihood trajectories of 45 households that were all engaged in growing seaweed in 2015. Surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted with households and key informants in two municipalities. Results reveal a process of livelihood divergence. While in one municipality growing seaweed has become a relative success, virtually all households in the other municipality have had to stop growing seaweed, returned to fishing, and remained poor. The reasons for this divergence can be found in the spheres of environmental challenges, value chain governance dynamics, and local coastal governance. Three implications are put forward that could improve the inclusiveness of coastal development in the Philippines and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"9 2","pages":"147-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128243703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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