{"title":"Labour market institutions for immigrants: The case of high-wage migrant workers in Indonesia","authors":"Wayne Palmer","doi":"10.1002/app5.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a novel ‘legal process’ analysis to examine labour market institutions' role in addressing violations of migrants' labour rights in Indonesia. Examining 92 labour disputes and conducting qualitative interviews with stakeholders, the study explores Indonesia's primary labour market institutions' effectiveness in safeguarding migrants' rights. Systemic shortcomings within Indonesia's labour market institutions are revealed, indicating their limited capacity to protect migrants' labour rights effectively. Qualitative interviews provide insights into various foci and disconnects contributing to institutional failures. Calling attention to the role of the state, this study identifies ‘institutional fixes’ that facilitate migrant rights protection, such as the assistance provided by private lawyers. It argues for shifting focus from ‘migrant exceptionalism’ to acknowledging migrants' experiences within labour market institutions as workers. This study contributes to understanding migrant labour governance in Indonesia, emphasizing the need to address institutional failures and advocate for comprehensive reforms to protect migrants' rights effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141424818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forging a successful preschool policy coalition: The China experience","authors":"Xin Fan, Chris Nyland, Berenice Nyland, Yi Long","doi":"10.1002/app5.395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.395","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2010, Chinaʼs government promulgated policies that, within a decade, saw early childhood education universalised across China. In this mixed-method study, we examine how a preschool advocacy coalition convinced the government to embrace these policies at a time when China was classified as a low and middle-income country by the World Bank. We posit that, in large part, this was because advocates combined both moral and economic development arguments and, by so doing, built a coalition that included educators, parents and actors with the influence and political skills required to provide coordinated leadership and governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141264560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indonesiaʼs energy transition: Dependency, subsidies and renewables","authors":"Ryan Wong, Aninda Dewayanti","doi":"10.1002/app5.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.391","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indonesiaʼs economy is highly dependent on the fossil fuel industry as evidenced in measures of non-taxable revenue, energy subsidy, energy mix and regulatory flexibility. To cut carbon emissions by 41% in 2030, the energy system needs to transition faster than anticipated through progressive reforms and investment. Policy makers understandably are fearful of the shocks and unrests resulted from fossil fuel subsidy reform. However, the fears were shown to be an over-reaction, especially if poorer households were supported. The state-owned enterprise, Perusahaan Listrik Negara, is the central player in the tug of war between the fossil fuel and renewable sectors. The government should signal unwavering support for international investment in the renewables, and update the regulation on rooftop solar that boosts return on investment for domestic households. International investors will need modelling of cost competitiveness of wind farms against coal-fired plants in more remote areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141085098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Local governmentsʼ accountability and public trust in Nepal: Does participation make a difference?","authors":"Yousueng Han, Narayan Aryal, Kwangseon Hwang","doi":"10.1002/app5.387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.387","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study developed an analytical framework enabling a better understanding of the relationship between accountability and public trust through the moderation effect of public participation. To test the relationship empirically, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in three local governments of two provinces in Nepal. The results demonstrated that the constructs of transparency, responsiveness, and public participation were significant predictors of public trust in Nepal, whereas liability and controllability were not significant predictors. These findings suggest that trust in the government depended on the governmentʼs performance and cultural aspects of people in Nepal, with performance aspects being more influential. These findings have theoretical and practical implications. The study contributes to the “performance-trust model” presented in the existing literature by adding the moderating effect of perceived public participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insider perspectives on Southeast Asiaʼs clean energy transition","authors":"Thang Nam Do","doi":"10.1002/app5.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.390","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper offers essential insights into Southeast Asiaʼs transition to clean energy, a cornerstone for global climate objectives. Based on 27 interviews with regional energy and climate experts conducted between September 2022 and October 2023, the research distils key factors into 3Ds: Demanding, Doable, and Dependent. Highlighting these aspects would foster readiness, persuade stakeholders, and secure international support, all of which are pivotal for advancing the energy transition towards net-zero emissions in Southeast Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140329055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Five years of local democracy in federal Nepal (2017–2022)","authors":"Thaneshwar Bhusal, Keshav Kumar Acharya","doi":"10.1002/app5.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.389","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nepalʼs 2015 federal constitution empowers local governments with significant autonomy, power, and resources for local policymaking, developmental programs, and public services. This research examines this new landscape of local governance as experienced during the first electoral tenure from 2017 to 2022, exploring the quality of local democracy in Nepal. Designed as interpretive research and analysed through a set of participatory democracy frameworks, the findings uncover mixed progress in the capacity of local democratic institutions to utilise constitutionally guaranteed power and resources. The findings of this study offer fresh academic and professional insights on Nepalʼs local democracy, participatory governance, and federalism.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140329054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unveiling the impact of housing debt on entrepreneurship: Evidence from China","authors":"Xiaofen Yu, Dingpei Hu, Mingzhi Hu","doi":"10.1002/app5.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite extensive research on the impact of various factors on entrepreneurship, the role of housing debt remains underexplored, particularly in emerging economies. Using data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), this study identifies a significant negative effect of housing debt on entrepreneurship after controlling for a comprehensive set of individual and household characteristics, as well as regional and year fixed effects. To delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms, we present direct evidence that housing debt amplifies risk aversion while imposing capital and credit constraints. Furthermore, we offer indirect evidence suggesting that housing debt exerts a stronger negative impact on employer entrepreneurship than on self-employment entrepreneurship, and a more pronounced negative effect on active entrepreneurship compared to passive entrepreneurship. Overall, this study addresses gaps in research on the impact of housing debt on entrepreneurship and provides insights into the underlying mechanisms by revealing how housing debt amplifies risk aversion, imposes capital and credit constraints, and disproportionately affects employer entrepreneurship over self-employment entrepreneurship, as well as active entrepreneurship over passive entrepreneurship.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140181600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinxin Duan, Oliver Fritsch, Simon J. McKirdy, Dan Zheng
{"title":"Securitising Biotic Risk: Reframing Biosecurity in China","authors":"Xinxin Duan, Oliver Fritsch, Simon J. McKirdy, Dan Zheng","doi":"10.1002/app5.386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article offers an in-depth analysis of the meaning and scope of <i>biosafety</i> and <i>biosecurity</i> in China, thereby relating domestic debates to global developments, exploring notions of <i>safety</i> and <i>security</i> in public policy more broadly and embedding a key policy initiative, Chinaʼs new <i>Biosecurity Law</i>, into attempts by Chinaʼs leadership to develop a holistic national security strategy. The article finds that biotic threats have more recently been reframed as matters of national security, in ways that undeniably go beyond conventional understandings of <i>biosecurity</i> and that blur the boundaries to more accident-focused <i>biosafety</i> measures. Given Chinaʼs political and economic importance this apparent trend to securitise biotic risks is likely to impact on global trade relations, international transport and passenger traffic, not the least in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140181599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Public support for carbon tax in South Korea: The role of tax design and revenue recycling","authors":"Sung Eun Kim, Seung Yeob Kim, Junwoo Suh","doi":"10.1002/app5.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.385","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon tax is widely regarded as an effective and efficient method to reduce carbon emissions. However, the introduction of carbon tax has faced resistance from the public and interest groups. In this article, we examine the determinants of public support for carbon taxation in South Korea. While the expected cost of the carbon tax on individual citizens appears to be the most important determinant of preferences towards carbon tax, we also find that the public support changes depending on the design of the revenue recycling system. The public is more likely to support a carbon tax scheme that is earmarked to support the energy-poor population compared to one that uses tax revenues for general government expenditures. The use of carbon tax revenues to create green sector jobs appears to significantly increase the support for carbon tax compared to the use of revenue for the general environment budget. Our findings suggest that while opposition towards carbon tax exists, certain design features such as universal carbon dividends can alleviate some resistance from the public.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139716911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transboundary fine dust pollution in China and Korea: How has international politics impeded environmental negotiations?","authors":"Muhui Zhang","doi":"10.1002/app5.384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.384","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transboundary fine dust has been a leading cause of dispute between China and Korea since the mid-2010s. This study observes that transboundary fine dust is not purely an environmental issue, but rather mixed with political and diplomatic challenges. Despite the emerging bilateral and multilateral efforts to tackle this issue, this research sheds light on how political and diplomatic factors have undermined the outcomes of environmental negotiations between China and Korea. We highlight three dimensions of policy-based studies: scientific joint research on source-receptor relationships, interstate environmental negotiations, and multilateral environmental institutions in Northeast Asia. This study argues that transboundary fine dust cooperation has been extensively entangled with national political interests and proceeded via diplomatic channels, leading to the current absence of binding agreements and policy commitments. Therefore, a steady process of de-linking environmental cooperation and diplomatic fluctuations would be the best direction to proceed in a long-term perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":45839,"journal":{"name":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app5.384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139109834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}