{"title":"Impact of New Public Management on the Efficiency of Japanese Museums*","authors":"Miyuki Taniguchi","doi":"10.1111/asej.12226","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of the present paper was to determine how small government policies have changed the management of Japanese prefectural museums since 2006. To reconstruct the budget positions of local governments, the Koizumi Government advocated a policy of ‘small’ government and cuts in the costs of public facilities. One example is the introduction of the designated manager system (DMS) into museums. The DMS is a form of new public management, enabling private managers to manage public facilities. Using stochastic frontier analysis, this paper investigates the impact of the introduction of the DMS on the efficiency of museums.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"76-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/asej.12226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46148932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corporate Social Responsibility, Firm Value and Corporate Governance Code Revisions: The Asian Evidence*","authors":"Chai-Aun Ooi, Chee-Wooi Hooy, Kyoko Nagata","doi":"10.1111/asej.12227","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12227","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm value, and the effects of corporate governance code revisions on the relationship. We examine this relationship for: (i) a high-income country, Japan; (ii) middle-income countries China, Malaysia and Thailand; and (iii) low-income countries India and Indonesia. We use the Heckman two-stage sample selection bias approach for the empirical analysis. We find that Japanese stakeholder CSR and environmental CSR have a smaller positive effect on firm value compared to the middle-income countries, but we do not find any statistically significant association for the low-income countries. In addition, we find that only Japanese corporate governance code revisions significantly contribute to the positive relationship between CSR and firm value, which concurs with the new recommendations documented in the revised codes of corporate governance. The present study reveals that foreign major shareholders matter to the value creation of CSR in Japan and the middle-income countries of China, Malaysia and Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"27-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/asej.12227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43366171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manh Toan Nguyen, Tung Lam Dang, Thi Hong Hanh Huynh
{"title":"Trade Liberalization and Income Distribution in Vietnam: Dynamic CGE Approach*","authors":"Manh Toan Nguyen, Tung Lam Dang, Thi Hong Hanh Huynh","doi":"10.1111/asej.12224","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12224","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the influence of trade liberalization on income distribution among different household groups in Vietnam using the dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework. To accomplish this objective, we developed a multi-sector, multi-household dynamic CGE model and the corresponding social accounting matrix for Vietnam. Our simulation results show that in the long run, all household groups can enjoy an improvement in their welfare because the increase in the budget for consumption of all groups is large enough to outweigh the negative effect of changes in consumption prices. We also find that while trade liberalization is positively associated with economic growth and national welfare, it also increases the income disparities between rich and poor households, between rural and urban areas, and among rural people as well as among urban people.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"34 4","pages":"404-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/asej.12224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43542787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Homo Economicus An Ideal to be Pursued? Using US and Japan Survey Data*","authors":"Shoko Yamane, Hiroyasu Yoneda, Yoshiro Tsutsui","doi":"10.1111/asej.12222","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated how the various characteristics of <i>Homo economicus</i> (intellectual ability, self-control, selfishness, fairness and pursuit of monetary gain) correlate with individual performance. We adopted income and happiness as measures of individual performance. Using large-scale survey data from Japan and the USA, we found that: (i) generally, <i>Homo economicus</i> is an ideal person from the perspective of economic success; (ii) <i>Homo economicus</i> has many traits that make her/him unhappy; (iii) intellectual ability is a strong trait of <i>Homo economicus</i> for both economic success and happiness; and (iv) the results for Japan and the USA are quite similar.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"34 4","pages":"357-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/asej.12222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44357988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Egoistic and Altruistic Bequest Motives on the Willingness to Participate in Reverse Mortgages in China*","authors":"Wei Han, Ping Wang, Hongjie Dong","doi":"10.1111/asej.12225","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>From the perspective of behavioral economics, this study uses a scenario simulation experiment and the ordered-probit econometric model to empirically analyze the influence of egoistic and altruistic bequest motives of the elderly on willingness to participate in reverse mortgages. The findings are as follows. (i) When controlling for the demographic characteristics of the elderly, the marginal probability of their willingness to participate in reverse mortgages is influenced by two constraints: the egoistic bequest motive and the altruistic bequest motive. However, compared with the egoistic bequest motive, the altruistic bequest motive more strongly affects such willingness. (ii) Improving satisfaction with community old-age services can significantly weaken the effects of the egoistic bequest motive on the willingness to participate in reverse mortgages, generally by weakening dependence on family old-age care. However, property tax implementation can significantly reduce the constraint effects of altruistic bequest motives on such willingness, mainly by affecting the cost of housing inheritance to the children. (iii) To increase demand for reverse mortgages, financial institutions should constantly innovate and optimize the operation modes of reverse mortgages to more efficiently cope with the influence of egoistic and altruistic bequest motives of the elderly. Government departments should continuously promote property tax reform and improve the quality of community services for the aged to indirectly promote willingness to participate in reverse mortgages.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"34 4","pages":"430-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/asej.12225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45406671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Trade Elasticity Vary Across Regimes? New Evidence from Korean Exports, Incorporating Regime Changes*","authors":"Sei-Wan Kim, Moon Jung Choi","doi":"10.1111/asej.12223","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examined whether the elasticities of Korean exports with respect to global GDP and to the exchange rate vary depending on exports’ expansionary or contractionary regimes. Our empirical analysis incorporated regime changes and cointegration into a multivariable smooth transition autoregressive vector error correction model. Our estimation results revealed asymmetries in the short-run elasticities of Korea's exports between the two regimes, although their long-run elasticities remain stable. The positive effect of global GDP on Korea's exports is inelastic during contractionary regimes but elastic in expansionary regimes. The effect of home currency appreciation is negative and elastic under expansionary regimes but positive and inelastic under contractionary regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"34 4","pages":"379-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/asej.12223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44729297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants of Corporate Bankruptcy: Evidence from Chaebol and Non-Chaebol Firms in Korea","authors":"Jounghyeon Kim","doi":"10.1111/asej.12218","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12218","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a panel dataset for the period of 1991–2001, the present paper explores the significant determinants that indicate the likelihood of bankruptcy for chaebol and non-chaebol firms in Korea, and identifies the differences in the determinants between the two types of firms, with an emphasis on their ownership and financial structures. Logit bankruptcy regressions show that largest shareholder ownership (i.e. ownership concentration) is likely to act as a corporate governance mechanism in reducing bankruptcy risk and that financial stability, operating experience and firm size are also important. In separate regressions for chaebol and non-chaebol firms, foreign ownership for chaebol firms and ownership concentration for non-chaebol firms emerge as significantly positive and negative bankruptcy determinants, respectively. In particular, bank ownership is identified as a positive factor for chaebol firms and a negative factor for non-chaebol firms. These outcomes suggest that ownership concentration and bank ownership are likely to play a monitoring role in lowering bankruptcy risk for non-chaebol firms. Outcomes from more elaborate estimations also suggest that overall, bank ownership enhances the monitoring role as a substitute for low foreign ownership.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"34 3","pages":"275-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/asej.12218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46020367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phanhpakit Onphanhdala, Vanvisa Philavong, Yoshihiko Kadoya, Mostafa S. Rahim Khan
{"title":"Access to Antenatal Care in Laos: Analysis Using National Level Survey*","authors":"Phanhpakit Onphanhdala, Vanvisa Philavong, Yoshihiko Kadoya, Mostafa S. Rahim Khan","doi":"10.1111/asej.12220","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laos has the highest maternal mortality rate in Southeast Asia. The present study examines antenatal care and birth location in relation to the residence, household education levels, wealth, ethnicity, age and media interest of pregnant women. The logit and OLS regression results show that pregnant women living in urban areas and rural areas with roads, from wealthy families, in the Lao ethnic group and in the young age group are more likely to receive antenatal care and have professional health workers deliver their children. Therefore, greater governmental efforts are required to make antenatal care available to all pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"34 3","pages":"327-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/asej.12220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46018095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indonesian Living Standards over 50 Years: A Multidimensional Analysis","authors":"Hal Hill","doi":"10.1111/asej.12221","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is a continuing debate on the measurement of living standards, especially in developing countries. The proliferation of social indicators in recent decades, motivated by both philosophical and pragmatic empirical considerations, has been illuminating. However, it has also led to some confusion: which indicator or set of indicators should be used? The most widely used indicator continues to be headcount poverty, or some refined variant of it. However, what of the many other indicators and, importantly, do they portray a similar picture? We illustrate these issues with reference to the Indonesian experience over several decades. Indonesia has experienced moderately fast economic growth since the late 1960s and, as a consequence, headcount poverty has fallen rapidly. Most other social indicators have also improved. However, the rate of progress has varied, from similarly rapid improvement to stagnation and in one instance, environmental amenities, to regression.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"34 3","pages":"249-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/asej.12221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47202570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants of Labor Force Participation and Wages in Thailand: What is the Role of the Informal Sector?*","authors":"Nalitra Thaiprasert, Supanika Leurcharusmee, Peerapat Jatukannyaprateep, Jirakom Sirisrisakulchai","doi":"10.1111/asej.12219","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There has been a perennial debate on why the informal economy exists and grows in developing countries around the world. The present study focuses on the case of Thailand, one of the countries with the highest share of informal activities, to clarify whether its informal workers participate in the informal sector voluntarily or involuntarily. The confirmation matters for the design of government policies and public welfare. We separated the study into two levels. First, at the national level, we used the finite mixture model to examine the 2010 Population and Housing Census and estimate the wage equations for formal, voluntary informal and involuntary informal workers. Second, we focused on a local area for the case of Chiang Mai city, where we surveyed a sample of 393 informal business owners to understand their decision to participate in the informal sector. From both levels of study, we found heterogeneity among the informal workers, who could be classified into voluntary and involuntary groups. While those in the voluntary group stay in the informal sector because workers prefer time flexibility, those in the involuntary group stay because of family burdens. Both levels of data also showed that the Thai informal sector is dominated by the voluntary group (>70 percent).</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"34 3","pages":"301-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/asej.12219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42159134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}