{"title":"Card or cash? Evidence regarding consumers' cooperative value-added tax compliance","authors":"Youngrok Kim, Hongyu Wan, Minjo Kang","doi":"10.1111/asej.12276","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12276","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cashless payments discourage value-added tax (VAT) evasion through transaction records; and they essentially require cooperation from consumers and small business owners. As indirect VAT payers, consumers' payment methods decisively influence the final VAT declaration. However, the literature has yet to investigate consumers' collusive VAT evasion. This study uses data from approximately 7300 taxpayers as collected by the National Survey of Tax and Benefit of South Korea to examine the impacts of perceived trust paradigms on consumers' responses to payment methods when small business owners offer discount benefits. The results reveal that perceived trust in government significantly strengthens consumers' cooperative VAT compliance. We also discover that when the discount amounts are higher, trust has a greater impact on cooperative VAT compliance. The study contributes to the tax literature by demonstrating that trust can improve consumers' cooperative VAT compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"36 3","pages":"337-359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43991978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do higher-quality nighttime lights and net primary productivity predict subnational GDP in developing countries? Evidence from the Philippines","authors":"Jesson A. Pagaduan","doi":"10.1111/asej.12278","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12278","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nighttime lights (NTL) data from satellites are a useful proxy for local economic activity in developing countries where economic data are sparse. Yet most analyses use the flawed DMSP NTL data, a poor proxy for GDP in less densely populated and highly agricultural rural areas. In this article, we augment a novel NTL dataset of the newer and better VIIRS NTL data with more ubiquitous remotely sensed data, namely, net primary productivity (NPP) and land cover, and we test whether these satellite data predict subnational GDP in both urban and rural sectors of the Philippines. The results confirm that the higher-quality VIIRS NTL data predict urban economic activity sufficiently well for both light-intense and dimly lit regions but still do not explain rural economic activity very well. The use of croplands NPP as an intensive measure of agricultural productivity, however, dramatically improves the performance of land cover as a proxy. We demonstrate that remotely sensed data can be useful in various applications, including evaluating the long-run dynamics of province-level GDP growth, the local impact of natural disasters, and the effects of infrastructure projects at the city and municipal levels. Such applications point toward the need for empirical analysis of growth at finer scales of aggregation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"36 3","pages":"288-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43840127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Aid for Trade Promote Vertical Specialization?","authors":"JunYun Kim, Hongshik Lee, Joonhyung Lee","doi":"10.1111/asej.12266","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the impact of Aid for Trade (AfT) and analyze whether aid recipients participate in bilateral vertical specialization. Using data from 15 donors and 106 recipients for the years 2002 to 2018, we investigate whether bilateral AfT increases bilateral vertical specialization. To focus on the variation between donors and recipients over time, we absorb other sources of variation through donor–year, recipient–year and donor–recipient fixed effects. Our findings show that AfT helps expand bilateral vertical specialization for a particular group of countries, upper middle-income countries. Subsequent analysis reveals that AfT improves the infrastructure of upper middle-income countries, which promotes participation in vertical specialization. Our findings suggest that to promote vertical specialization in lower income countries, AfT should be provided more directly to improve their infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"36 2","pages":"127-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44831233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Industrial Design Matters for Firm Growth at Different Stages of Development: Evidence from Korea, 1970s to 2010s","authors":"Keun Lee, Raeyoon Kang, Donghyun Park","doi":"10.1111/asej.12264","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12264","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The traditional literature on the role of intellectual property rights (IPR) in innovation highlights the strength of IPR protection in the context of the tradeoff between innovation and diffusion. More recent literature analyzes the role of diverse forms of IPR in promoting innovation and growth and delves into not only regular patents but also utility models (or petite patents) and trademarks. Using firm-level IPR (patents, designs and trademarks) data from Korea, we further extend this new strand of literature to explore the role of designs at different stages of development. The data spans five decades and can be divided into three subperiods that represent different stages of economic development. We find that design-intensive sectors tend to be more export oriented. Further, firms’ sales growth is significantly associated with the design intensity of firms. Such association is found only during the later stages of economic development in Korea. Taken together with earlier studies, our findings imply that different forms of IPR, in particular designs, matter differently for innovation and firm performance at different stages of development. Designs are not that important in the early stages of development when economic growth relies on the mass production of low-cost goods by low-wage workers. The importance of design rises with economic development at later stages when product differentiation becomes critical. A unique and smart appearance increases value in the eye of the customer value and, thus, could help firms’ sales performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"36 2","pages":"101-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45638045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heterogeneous Effects on Private Education Spending in Latent Groups in Korea","authors":"Jaeram Lee, Jungjoon Ihm","doi":"10.1111/asej.12263","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12263","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines people's response to well-known determinants in private education spending (PES). Based on the Korean Education Longitudinal Study, we divided the private education decision-making process into two parts: whether to spend and how much to spend. Due to omitted environmental factors, latent subgroups that share the same PES effects were classified using a clustering methodology. Empirical analysis found that people respond differently only to household income and school year. For 40% of the observations, household income has a significant impact on PES decisions. There is no effect of household income in the other subgroups, whereas different patterns of PES according to the school year induce heterogeneity in other subgroups. There is no heterogeneity for the effects of gender, educational environment and plans to attend college.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"36 2","pages":"159-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47606523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Empirical Assessment of Collusion in the Negotiable Certificates of Deposit Market in Korea: A Discriminant Analysis","authors":"Jiyoung Lee, Jung Jae Kim, Jinook Jeong","doi":"10.1111/asej.12267","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12267","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper econometrically evaluates if collusion actually occurred in the negotiable certificates of deposit (CD) market during the period of Korea Fair Trade Commission's (KFTC) investigation. We propose a general mixture regression model to discriminate the collusion period from the competitive period. We apply our method to Korean CD market data from 1 January 2009 to 23 May 2019 and forecast the probability of collusion for each day. We find that only a small portion—163 days out of 2579 days—of the whole sample is discriminated as a possible collusion. We also find that the banks did not issue the CD on almost all dates discriminated as colluded in our empirical results. Our findings imply a strong possibility that the stickiness of the CD rates was induced by the depressed CD market conditions rather than collusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"36 2","pages":"203-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44878804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-Term Effects of Vietnam War: Agent Orange and the Health of Vietnamese People After 30 Years","authors":"Nobuaki Yamashita, Trong-Anh Trinh","doi":"10.1111/asej.12265","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the long-term health effects of Agent Orange, a military herbicide containing the hazardous chemical compound dioxin that was widely disseminated in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War (1959–1975). Based on data from US military archives on the herbicide operations, we estimate the prevalence of disabilities among Vietnamese people using the 2009 Population Census. The results demonstrate that the legacy of Agent Orange continues, with ongoing adverse (although small) effects on health even more than 30 years since the end of the war. Critically, the health burden of severe mobility disability has been mostly borne by ethnic minority women in the affected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"36 2","pages":"180-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/asej.12265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49085901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medium-Term growth effects of Disasters-Empirical analysis based on provincial panel data in China","authors":"Jing Guo, Wei Liu, Qiping Sun, Yiqun Zhou, Yonggang Wu","doi":"10.1111/asej.12262","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12262","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on a panel of 31 provinces and cities from 1990 to 2019, we first conduct an empirical analysis using the maximum likelihood (ML) procedure to examine the effects of various disasters (i.e. droughts, floods, earthquakes, storms, typhoons and low and freezing temperatures) on the medium-term economic growth of China and its three economic regions (i.e. the eastern, central and western regions). We identify the transmission channels through which these disasters affect economic growth by investigating the medium-term relationships among disasters, capital accumulation, human capital accumulation and total factor productivity. The interprovincial empirical analysis demonstrates that the effects differ across the economic regions. Thus, disasters affect economic growth through different channels but mainly through capital stock. Further research indicates that the growth effect of disasters largely benefits from Chinese government expenditures on disaster relief.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"47-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45950847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Heat on Mathematics Test Performance in Vietnam","authors":"Tien Manh Vu","doi":"10.1111/asej.12259","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12259","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine the effects of average test-day temperature on the mathematics test performance of all Vietnamese students who took the national university and college entrance examinations in 2009. Using individual fixed effects, we find that an increase of 1°F results in an approximate 0.006 standard deviation loss of in standardized test scores by age and test problem. The negative effects are persistent regardless of whether students were from the hottest or coolest climate regions in the country. We also find that female students and students from rural areas and townships are most vulnerable to the effects of heat.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"72-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45107475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"More Schooling, More Generous? Estimating the Effect of Education on Intergenerational Transfers†","authors":"Ting Yin, Junchao Zhang","doi":"10.1111/asej.12260","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asej.12260","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper studies the causal effect of education on intergenerational transfers from/to adult children. Using micro-data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we use exogenous variations in parents' schooling induced by China's Great Famine to take account of the endogeneity of education and then estimate the effect of schooling on the probability of receiving/giving transfers from/to adult children. The instrumental variable estimates show that an additional year of schooling has a negative effect on the probability of receiving transfers but a positive effect on the probability of giving transfers at old age. Our results have some implications regarding social security and education policies in aging societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45838,"journal":{"name":"Asian Economic Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"22-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46587963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}