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Population, labour and living standards in early modern Ceylon: An empirical contribution to the divergence debate 近代早期锡兰的人口、劳动力和生活水平:对分歧辩论的实证贡献
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Indian Economic and Social History Review Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0019464612455272
Pim de Zwart
{"title":"Population, labour and living standards in early modern Ceylon: An empirical contribution to the divergence debate","authors":"Pim de Zwart","doi":"10.1177/0019464612455272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0019464612455272","url":null,"abstract":"In the light of the great divergence debate, the economic history of Asian countries has attracted increased attention in the past decade. This article brings early modern Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka) into the discourse, providing new quantitative evidence on wages, prices, demography and occupations from the Dutch East India Company archives. It is shown that throughout the eighteenth century, Ceylonese living standards were around subsistence level, lower than in Europe, and, until 1760, China. This can to some extent be attributed to population growth, driven by high birth rates rather than high life expectancies. The occupational structure in the maritime provinces of Ceylon shows that almost one-third of the labour force laboured outside agriculture in 1684, which does not compare favourably with England and Holland. These tentative figures suggest that Ceylon already lagged behind north- western Europe before 1800.","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0019464612455272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64786937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Of poisoners, tanners and the British Raj: redefining Chamar identity in colonial North India, 1850–90. 投毒者、制革商和英国统治:重新定义北印度殖民地查玛尔人的身份，1850 - 1990。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Indian Economic and Social History Review Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/001946461104800301
Saurabh Mishra
{"title":"Of poisoners, tanners and the British Raj: redefining Chamar identity in colonial North India, 1850–90.","authors":"Saurabh Mishra","doi":"10.1177/001946461104800301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946461104800301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores colonial representations of the crime of cattle poisoning and uses it as a starting point to investigate questions related to the formation of Chamar identity. Starting from the 1850s, it looks at the process whereby the caste group was imbued with certain undesirable traits of character. Simultaneously, it also explores the larger trend towards fixing the caste with certain occupational traits, so that it began to be identified completely with leather work by late nineteenth century. The role of new specialisms such as ethnography, toxicology and medical jurisprudence in the formation of new definitions about Chamars is also highlighted. The overall aim of the article is to reveal the complexities involved in the formation of colonial discourse about caste and caste groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946461104800301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30321349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
From source to sink: "official" and "improved" water in Delhi, 1868–1956. 从源头到源头:1868-1956年德里的“官方”和“改良”用水。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Indian Economic and Social History Review Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Awadhendra Sharan
{"title":"From source to sink: \"official\" and \"improved\" water in Delhi, 1868–1956.","authors":"Awadhendra Sharan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the making of a modern colonial city through the rhetoric of ‘improvement’ and ‘progress’ in relation to water. The reference is to the history of water in the city of Delhi and what may be called ‘the first science of environment’ in a colonial urban context, with a focus not so much on the ‘extent’ of water supply and drainage, and its (in)adequacy in the colonial city, as on concerns around the ‘(im)purity’ of water, narratives of pollution, technologies of purity and the transformations they effected in a colonial context. In doing so it hopes to build upon a rich tradition of writings on urban water, its modernisation as also its location within a colonial regime, being suggestive of a framework in which we may consider water both as infrastructure and as environment, as much a network of pipes and drains as matters of pollution and well-being, as much a story of the search for and protection of the source as of the fate of the sink into which it ultimately flows.</p>","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30321350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Land revenues, schools and literacy: a historical examination of public and private funding of education. 土地收入、学校和识字率:对公共和私人教育资金的历史考察。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Indian Economic and Social History Review Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/001946461004700202
Latika Chaudhary
{"title":"Land revenues, schools and literacy: a historical examination of public and private funding of education.","authors":"Latika Chaudhary","doi":"10.1177/001946461004700202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946461004700202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the centralised nature of the fiscal system in colonial India, public education expenditures varied dramatically across regions with the western and southern provinces spending three to four times as much as the eastern provinces. A significant portion of the inter-regional difference was due to historical differences in land taxes, an important source of provincial revenues in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The large differences in public spending, however, did not produce comparable differences in enrollment rates or literacy in the colonial period. Nonetheless, public investments influenced the direction of school development and perhaps the long run trajectory of rural literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946461004700202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29138753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Traditional vocations and modern professions among Tamil Brahmans in colonial and post-colonial south India. 殖民和后殖民时期南印度泰米尔婆罗门的传统职业和现代职业。
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Indian Economic and Social History Review Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/001946461004700403
C J Fuller, Haripriya Narasimhan
{"title":"Traditional vocations and modern professions among Tamil Brahmans in colonial and post-colonial south India.","authors":"C J Fuller,&nbsp;Haripriya Narasimhan","doi":"10.1177/001946461004700403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946461004700403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the nineteenth century, Tamil Brahmans have been very well represented in the educated professions, especially law and administration, medicine, engineering and nowadays, information technology. This is partly a continuation of the Brahmans' role as literate service people, owing to their traditions of education, learning and literacy, but the range of professions shows that any direct continuity is more apparent than real. Genealogical data are particularly used as evidence about changing patterns of employment, education and migration. Caste traditionalism was not a determining constraint, for Tamil Brahmans were predominant in medicine and engineering as well as law and administration in the colonial period, even though medicine is ritually polluting and engineering resembles low-status artisans' work. Crucially though, as modern, English-language, credential-based professions that are wellpaid and prestigious, law, medicine and engineering were and are all deemed eminently suitable for Tamil Brahmans, who typically regard their professional success as a sign of their caste superiority in the modern world. In reality, though, it is mainly a product of how their old social and cultural capital and their economic capital in land were transformed as they seized new educational and employment opportunities by flexibly deploying their traditional, inherited skills and advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946461004700403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29510159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Book Reviews : MALAVIKA KASTURI, Embattled Identities: Rajput Lineages and the Colonial State in Nineteenth-Century North India, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 238 书评:MALAVIKA KASTURI，《四面楚歌的身份:19世纪北印度的拉杰普特血统和殖民国家》，德里，牛津大学出版社，2002年，第238页
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Indian Economic and Social History Review Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/001946460404100312
Nonica Datta
{"title":"Book Reviews : MALAVIKA KASTURI, Embattled Identities: Rajput Lineages and the Colonial State in Nineteenth-Century North India, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 238","authors":"Nonica Datta","doi":"10.1177/001946460404100312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460404100312","url":null,"abstract":"the voice of the Hindu woman over the Muslim woman. Ray’s explanation, ’Throughout the discussion I have chosen to speak of Sarala Debi before Begum Rokeya because she was the older of the two women’ seems a rather inadequate justification. It is clear that the experience of pardah and abarodh (or confinement) marked the formation of Rokeya’s critical consciousness in a way that it did not mark Sarala Debi’s as a privileged woman of the Tagore family. But to make the experience of pardah the defining moment of Rokeya’s life, and by extension, the lives of all Muslim women in Bengal, is to render the practice simultaneously exceptional for one community and invisible for another. For, it is also true that the Bengali Hindu bhadramahila was also a subject of the antahpur, making for a similar set of experiences between the two groups of women, even if unevenly shared. Sumanta Bannerjee’s (1989) account of the ways in which the loss of a shared culture of","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460404100312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64786448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Book Reviews : JACQUES POUCHEPADASS, Champaran and Gandhi. Planters, Peasants and Gandhian Politics. Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 235 书评:雅克•波切•帕达斯、Champaran和甘地。种植园主、农民和甘地政治。德里，牛津大学出版社，1999年，第235页
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Indian Economic and Social History Review Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/001946460404100315
M. Siddiqi
{"title":"Book Reviews : JACQUES POUCHEPADASS, Champaran and Gandhi. Planters, Peasants and Gandhian Politics. Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 235","authors":"M. Siddiqi","doi":"10.1177/001946460404100315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460404100315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460404100315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64786495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Reviews : NASIR TYABJI, Industrialisation and Innovation: The Indian Experience, New Delhi, Sage, 2000, pp. 162 书评:NASIR TYABJI:《工业化与创新:印度经验》，新德里，Sage, 2000年，第162页
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Indian Economic and Social History Review Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/001946460404100314
Bernard D’mello
{"title":"Book Reviews : NASIR TYABJI, Industrialisation and Innovation: The Indian Experience, New Delhi, Sage, 2000, pp. 162","authors":"Bernard D’mello","doi":"10.1177/001946460404100314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460404100314","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation in the sense of the first successful commercialisation of new products, processes, methods or systems in the economy is one of the main sources of dynarnism in capitalist development. Further, during the process of diffusion of an innovation, the new product, process, method or system is itself subject to progressive incremental change (designated an incremental innovation to distinguish this from the former, radical innovation). A successful process of industrialisation in the sense of the growth of ’Modem Industry’ is generally associated with a rapid rate of innovation, radical and incremental. As Marx puts it in Capital (Vol. I, Chapter 13, Section 9): ’Modem Industry never looks upon ... the existing form of a process as final.’ Or, in The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels ( 1848): ’the bourgeoisie cannot exist without constantly revolutionizing the means of production.’ Classical political economists like Adam Smith and Karl Marx assigned a great deal of importance to the innovation process in the larger growth process. But after Adam Smith and Karl Marx, economists generally did not dare to look","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460404100314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64786482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Urban geography and land measurement in the twelfth century: The case of Kanchipuram 12世纪的城市地理与土地测量:以坎奇普兰为例
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Indian Economic and Social History Review Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/001946460404100301
J. Heitzman, S. Rajagopal
{"title":"Urban geography and land measurement in the twelfth century: The case of Kanchipuram","authors":"J. Heitzman, S. Rajagopal","doi":"10.1177/001946460404100301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460404100301","url":null,"abstract":"The authors compute the length of the 16-span rod, a measuring instrument used in the Kanchipuram region during the late Chola period, by combining information on land boundaries from a single inscription with fieldwork and map tools. In the process, they reconstruct part of the geography of the city and examine long-term changes in land use, with implications for historical preservation. The article suggests that the application of this methodology to other epigraphic records may allow the detailed reconstruction of early agrarian and urban environments, and contribute to the quantitative evaluation of land holding or revenue systems.","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460404100301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64786531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Book Reviews : BHARATI RAY, Early Feminists of Colonial India: Sarala Devi Chaudhurani and Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2002 书评:巴拉蒂·雷，《殖民印度的早期女权主义者:萨拉拉·德维·乔杜拉尼和罗基亚·萨哈瓦特·侯赛因》，德里，牛津大学出版社，2002年
IF 0.7 2区 历史学
Indian Economic and Social History Review Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/001946460404100311
K. Visweswaran
{"title":"Book Reviews : BHARATI RAY, Early Feminists of Colonial India: Sarala Devi Chaudhurani and Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2002","authors":"K. Visweswaran","doi":"10.1177/001946460404100311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001946460404100311","url":null,"abstract":"If no one now takes seriously the entire self-promoting notion of a dissociation of sensibility that supposedly took place under colonialism, it is generally acknowledged that something more momentous-less literary-than sensibilities did change in the course of the period. Phule, to be sure, is part of this period of cultural invention and depredation; and yet, I am convinced-from the sheer point or force of his selected writings-that there is more to Phule than having ’invented’ (or at least radically redescribed) away of talking about hierarchies, both cosmic and social, of knowledge, behaviour and entitlement. The theorist Homi Bhabha has a","PeriodicalId":45806,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic and Social History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001946460404100311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64786404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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