Collabra-Psychology最新文献_第9页

How to Detect Concealed Crime Knowledge in Situations With Little Information Using the Forced Choice Test 如何利用强迫选择测验在信息少的情况下发现隐藏的犯罪知识

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.37483

Robin Orthey, Ewout H. Meijer, E. Kooistra, N. Broers

{"title":"How to Detect Concealed Crime Knowledge in Situations With Little Information Using the Forced Choice Test","authors":"Robin Orthey, Ewout H. Meijer, E. Kooistra, N. Broers","doi":"10.1525/collabra.37483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.37483","url":null,"abstract":"The Forced Choice Test (FCT) can be used to detect concealed crime knowledge, but it requires more evidence than typically available from a crime to be constructed. We propose a method to repeat individual pieces of evidence to achieve the necessary test length, hence widening the practical applicability. According to our method, FCT trials are created so that on each trial examinees are presented with a novel and unique decision between two answer alternatives even if a specific piece of information is presented again. We argue that if the decision in each trial is unique, the properties and diagnosticity of a traditional FCT can be maintained. In experiment 1, we provide a proof of concept by comparing our novel method with a traditional FCT and demonstrate that an FCT with repeated presentation of the same evidence has diagnostic value (AUC = .69) albeit less so than a traditional FCT (AUC = .86). In experiment 2, we put our novel FCT to the test in a situation with insufficient information for a traditional FCT alongside the Concealed Information Test (CIT), which also detects concealed information but relies on psychophysiological indices. Both, the FCT (AUC = .81) and CIT (AUC = .83) were diagnostic and combining them increased the detection accuracy even further (AUC = .91). If replicated, our novel FCT increase practical applicability of the FCT in general and in conjunction with the CIT.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66878763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Metascientific Empirical Review of Cognitive Load Lie Detection 认知负荷测谎的元科学实证研究

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.57508

D. A. Neequaye

引用次数: 1

Serious Problems With Interpreting Rubber Hand “Illusion” Experiments 解释橡胶手“错觉”实验的严重问题

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.32274

Warrick Roseboom, P. Lush

{"title":"Serious Problems With Interpreting Rubber Hand “Illusion” Experiments","authors":"Warrick Roseboom, P. Lush","doi":"10.1525/collabra.32274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.32274","url":null,"abstract":"The rubber hand “illusion” (RHI), in which participants report experiences of ownership over a fake hand, appears to demonstrate that subjective ownership over one’s body can be easily disrupted. It was recently shown that existing methods of controlling for suggestion effects in RHI responding are invalid. It was also shown that propensity to agree with RHI ownership statements is correlated with trait phenomenological control (response to imaginative suggestion). There is currently disagreement regarding the extent to which this relationship may cofound interpretation of RHI measures. Here we present the results of simulated experiments to demonstrate that a relationship between trait phenomenological control and RHI responding of the size reported would fundamentally change the way existing RHI results must be interpreted. Using real participant data, each simulated experiment used a sample biased in selection for trait phenomenological control. We find that using experiment samples comprised only of participants higher in trait phenomenological control almost guarantees that an experiment provides evidence consistent with RHI. By contrast, samples comprised of only participants lower in trait phenomenological control find evidence for RHI only around half the time – and of greater concern, evidence specifically for “ownership” experience just 4% of the time. These findings clearly contradict claims that the magnitude of relationship between phenomenological control and RHI responding is a minor concern, demonstrating that the presence of participants higher in trait phenomenological control in a given RHI experiment sample is critical for finding evidence consistent with RHI. Further study and theorising regarding RHI (and related effects) must take into account the role that trait phenomenological control plays in participant experience and responses during RHI experiments.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66876189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Rewarding More Is Better for Soliciting Help, Yet More So for Cash Than for Goods: Revisiting and Reframing the Tale of Two Markets With Replications and Extensions of Heyman and Ariely (2004) 对寻求帮助给予更多回报更好，但对现金的回报比对商品的回报更大:通过复制和扩展海曼和艾瑞里的观点，重新审视和重构两个市场的故事

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.32572

Hirotaka Imada, Wan Fei Chan, Yuk Ki Ng, Lee Hing Man, Mei Sze Wong, Boley Cheng, Gilad Feldman

{"title":"Rewarding More Is Better for Soliciting Help, Yet More So for Cash Than for Goods: Revisiting and Reframing the Tale of Two Markets With Replications and Extensions of Heyman and Ariely (2004)","authors":"Hirotaka Imada, Wan Fei Chan, Yuk Ki Ng, Lee Hing Man, Mei Sze Wong, Boley Cheng, Gilad Feldman","doi":"10.1525/collabra.32572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.32572","url":null,"abstract":"Heyman and Ariely (2004) demonstrated that the expected effectiveness of soliciting help varied depending on the “market”, a money market represented by cash rewards versus a social market represented by goods as rewards. They showed that, as cash rewards increase, individuals expected others to be more willing to help, yet, when offering social goods as rewards such as candy, expected willingness to help was insensitive to rewards’ monetary worth. We conducted two pre-registered replication studies (total: N = 3302, MTurk/Prolific) of Study 1 in Heyman and Ariely (2004) and found support for one of their main claims that people are more sensitive to worth when the reward is cash than goods. However, the rewards’ monetary worth impacted expected willingness to help even in social markets, deviating from the original findings. Extensions further compared between-subject and within-subject designs, examined perceived affect (joy and regret), and added a new control condition. We concluded that higher compensation is generally perceived as better when soliciting help, yet more so for the money market cash rewards than for the social market goods rewards. All materials, data, and code are provided on https://osf.io/y9p7u/","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66876747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Do Registered Reports Make Scientific Findings More Believable to the Public? 注册报告是否使科学发现更可信?

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.32607

Elaine Costa, Y. Inbar, David Tannenbaum

引用次数: 1

How Does Heartbeat Counting Task Performance Relate to Theoretically-Relevant Mental Health Outcomes? A Meta-Analysis 心跳计数任务的表现如何与理论相关的心理健康结果相关?一个荟萃分析

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.33271

Olivier Desmedt, M. Van Den Houte, M. Walentynowicz, Sarah Dekeyser, O. Luminet, O. Corneille

{"title":"How Does Heartbeat Counting Task Performance Relate to Theoretically-Relevant Mental Health Outcomes? A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Olivier Desmedt, M. Van Den Houte, M. Walentynowicz, Sarah Dekeyser, O. Luminet, O. Corneille","doi":"10.1525/collabra.33271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.33271","url":null,"abstract":"The Heartbeat Counting Task (HCT) was designed and is intended to measure the objective ability to detect cardiac signals (also called cardiac interoceptive accuracy). Because interoceptive accuracy is thought to play a key role in biological (e.g., body mass index) and psychological (e.g., trait anxiety) risk factors and indicators of mental health, HCT scores should be associated with these outcomes. In order to examine this question, we performed a meta-analysis on these associations among adult participants. The final data set comprised 133 studies with 11,524 participants. We focused here on the seven most studied outcomes (i.e., outcomes that were studied in at least ten published studies). HCT performance was not significantly associated with trait anxiety, depression, and alexithymia. It was weakly and negatively associated with age after correction for publication bias, sex (male > female), heart rate, and body mass index. In addition, the quality assessment indicates that only a few studies reported sample size justification (6%), pre-registration (0.8%), and data in free access (6.8%). Theoretically expected associations between HCT performance and psychological indicators of mental health were not meta-analytically found. We discuss the implications of these findings for practice and theory.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66877040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Sadder ≠ Wiser: Depressive Realism Is Not Robust to Replication 悲伤≠睿智:压抑的现实主义不容易被复制

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.38529

Amelia S. Dev, D. Moore, Sheri L. Johnson, Karin T. Garrett

引用次数: 2

How Self-Concept, Competence, and Their Fit or Misfit Predict Educational Achievement, Well-Being, and Social Relationships in the School Context 自我概念、能力及其适应或不适应如何预测学校环境中的教育成就、幸福感和社会关系

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.37154

Sarah Schneider, T. Lösch, Danielle I. Schneider, A. Schütz

{"title":"How Self-Concept, Competence, and Their Fit or Misfit Predict Educational Achievement, Well-Being, and Social Relationships in the School Context","authors":"Sarah Schneider, T. Lösch, Danielle I. Schneider, A. Schütz","doi":"10.1525/collabra.37154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.37154","url":null,"abstract":"During adolescence, what is more important for educational achievement, well-being, and the formation of positive social relationships: being competent, having positive thoughts about oneself, or a complex relationship between the two? There has been a long-standing debate in psychology on the effects of accurate and biased self-perceptions, and sophisticated ways of modeling the effects of self-perception, competence, and their interplay have recently been suggested. But recent research has focused on adults and has not taken reference effects into account. The present preregistered study used a large German sample of students (N = 6,086 students in 559 classes) in Grade 5 (mean age = 10.55 years, SD = 0.64) with data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). We tested the effects of academic self-concept and competence in math and reading on outcomes pertaining to achievement, well-being, and social relationships up to 4 years later and identified the best fitting hypotheses through a model fit comparison. In contrast to previous studies, we took the frame of reference for students’ self-concept into account by controlling for class-level effects of self-concept and competence in a multilevel analysis. Results showed that educational achievement was best explained by the complex interplay of self-concept and competence, where competence was the stronger predictor. By contrast, self-concept was a stronger predictor of well-being than competence was. For social relationships, results were less clear and differed by the specific outcome variables that were used. Overall, in the school context, self-concept and competence per se seem to be more predictive of future outcomes than their fit or misfit.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66879021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Re-analysing the Data From Moffatt et al. (2020): What Can We Learn From an Under-powered Absence of Difference? 重新分析Moffatt等人(2020)的数据:我们能从缺乏差异的情况中学到什么?

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.33059

Ladislas Nalborczyk

引用次数: 2

Ascent of Humans: Investigating Methodological and Ethical Concerns About the Measurement 人类的崛起:调查测量的方法和伦理问题

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.33297

Kamil Izydorczak, T. Grzyb, D. Doliński

引用次数: 3