Collabra-Psychology最新文献_第7页

Prespecification of Structure for the Optimization of Data Collection and Analysis 数据采集与分析优化的结构预规范

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.71300

M. Vowels

{"title":"Prespecification of Structure for the Optimization of Data Collection and Analysis","authors":"M. Vowels","doi":"10.1525/collabra.71300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.71300","url":null,"abstract":"Data collection and research methodology represents a critical part of the research pipeline. On the one hand, it is important that we collect data in a way that maximises the validity of what we are measuring, which may involve the use of long scales with many items. On the other hand, collecting a large number of items across multiple scales results in participant fatigue, and expensive and time consuming data collection. It is therefore important that we use the available resources optimally. In this work, we consider how the representation of a theory as a causal/structural model can help us to streamline data collection and analysis procedures by not wasting time collecting data for variables which are not causally critical for answering the research question. This not only saves time and enables us to redirect resources to attend to other variables which are more important, but also increases research transparency and the reliability of theory testing. To achieve this, we leverage structural models and the Markov conditional independency structures implicit in these models, to identify the substructures which are critical for a particular research question. To demonstrate the benefits of this streamlining we review the relevant concepts and present a number of didactic examples, including a real-world example.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66879987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Where the Head Meets the Heart: ‘Enlightened’ Compassion Lies Between Big Five Openness/Intellect and Agreeableness 头脑与心灵相遇的地方:“开明”的同情介于五大开放/智力和宜人性之间

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.74468

Erin C. R. Lawn, S. Laham, K. Zhao, Alexander P. Christensen, L. Smillie

{"title":"Where the Head Meets the Heart: ‘Enlightened’ Compassion Lies Between Big Five Openness/Intellect and Agreeableness","authors":"Erin C. R. Lawn, S. Laham, K. Zhao, Alexander P. Christensen, L. Smillie","doi":"10.1525/collabra.74468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.74468","url":null,"abstract":"Enlightened compassion is a morally significant personality trait describing the tendency to show regard for others in an open-minded (vs. rigid or parochial) manner. We examine this trait through a “bottom-up” lens, asking: where is enlightened compassion located within the Big Five (B5) taxonomy? Across three studies comprising seven samples (total N = 2,522), we measure enlightened compassion as an interstitial facet lying between the Compassion aspect of B5 Agreeableness and the Openness aspect of B5 Openness/Intellect. The Enlightened Compassion Scale (EC Scale) has solid structural and content validity, converging strongly with Compassion and Openness (Study 1). Consistent with the bandwidth-fidelity trade-off in hierarchical models of personality traits, enlightened compassion demonstrates incremental validity over-and-above these B5 aspects when predicting theoretically relevant traits (e.g., moral imagination and moral expansiveness; Study 2) and behaviour (expansive charitable donation; Study 3). By locating enlightened compassion and its correlates within the organising framework of the B5, our work serves to deepen and integrate accumulated knowledge on this morally salient feature of personality.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66880922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Children Expect Boys and Girls to Be Rewarded Differently for Doing the Same Work? 孩子们期望男孩和女孩在做同样的工作时得到不同的奖励吗?

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.74790

K. McAuliffe, Melisa Maya Kumar, Shaina Coogan, Yarrow Dunham

{"title":"Do Children Expect Boys and Girls to Be Rewarded Differently for Doing the Same Work?","authors":"K. McAuliffe, Melisa Maya Kumar, Shaina Coogan, Yarrow Dunham","doi":"10.1525/collabra.74790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.74790","url":null,"abstract":"From a young age, children think resources ought to be distributed equally but expect resources to be shared preferentially with ingroup members. These desires for both impartiality and partiality take root in early childhood and likely become further entangled with age due to exposure to existing forms of group-based inequalities. Here, we ask whether children expect fairness or favoritism from an authority figure in the context of a real-world form of group-based inequality—the gender gap in pay. We tested 4- to 11-year-olds’ (N = 157) and adults’ (N = 101) expectations of how girls and boys would be rewarded by a teacher for performing a classroom task. Children were asked whether they expected a boy or girl to receive the larger reward (three versus two of five cookies) after completing a job. We found that 4- and 5-year-old children expected their own gender to be rewarded more favorably, an expectation that aligns with past work showing an own-gender bias in resource allocation. By contrast, and with the exception of 8- and 9-year-old boys, children in the 6- to 11-year-old range expected gender parity in pay, as did adults, a finding that contrasts with own-gender biases and with the real-world gender gap in pay. Our results shed new light on children’s evolving expectations of how rewards will be distributed in a context in which fairness and favoritism are in tension. Moreover, they provide a foray into children’s expectations about gender pay parity, an important and persistent issue in the society in which these children are developing.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66881372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the Role of Public Exposure and Moral Beliefs on Feelings of Shame and Guilt: Replication Registered Report of Smith et al. (2002)’s Study 1 重新审视公众暴露和道德信仰对羞耻感和内疚感的作用:Smith et al.(2002)研究的重复注册报告

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.77610

Yikang Zhang, Fung Chit Cheung, Hei Tung Wong, Lok Yee Yuen, Hui Ching Sin, Hiu Tung Kristy Chow, G. Feldman

{"title":"Revisiting the Role of Public Exposure and Moral Beliefs on Feelings of Shame and Guilt: Replication Registered Report of Smith et al. (2002)’s Study 1","authors":"Yikang Zhang, Fung Chit Cheung, Hei Tung Wong, Lok Yee Yuen, Hui Ching Sin, Hiu Tung Kristy Chow, G. Feldman","doi":"10.1525/collabra.77610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.77610","url":null,"abstract":"Shame and guilt are unpleasant self-conscious emotions associated with negative evaluations of oneself or one’s behavior. Smith et al. (2002) demonstrated that shame and guilt are distinct and are impacted differently by public exposure, that is, the (potential) exposure to disapproving appraisals of one’s misdeeds by others. The impact of public exposure (compared to no exposure) was greater for feelings of shame than for feelings of guilt. We conducted a direct replication (N = 1272) of Smith et al. (2002)’s Study 1 and found that exposure increased both feelings of shame (ηp2 = .14, 95%, CI [.11, .17]) and guilt (ηp2 = .13, 95% CI [.10, .16]) compared with the private condition. Moreover, people who were in the high moral conditions reported both higher shame (ηp2 = .33, 95% CI [.29, .37]) and guilt (ηp2 = .36, 95% CI [.32, .39]). Shame and guilt both had moderate-to-high correlations with the shame-related and guilt-related reactions and both exposure and moral belief manipulations had effects on shame-related and guilt-related reactions. Our results suggest a failed replication: public exposure and moral belief influence both shame and guilt, so we cannot conclude that shame and guilt can be distinguished from each other solely based on public exposure, which diverges from the target article’s main theory and findings. All materials, data, and code are available at https://osf.io/j3ue4/","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66881737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stress Regulation via Being in Nature and Social Support in Adults, a Meta-analysis 自然与社会支持对成人压力调节的meta分析

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.77343

Alessandro P. Sparacio, Ivan Ropovik, G. Jiga‐Boy, Adar Cem Lağap, H. Ijzerman

引用次数: 0

Disentangling the Contributions of Repeating Targets, Distractors, and Stimulus Positions to Practice Benefits in D2-Like Tests of Attention 重复目标、干扰物和刺激位置对2d样注意测试练习益处的贡献

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.71297

Peter Wühr, B. Wühr

{"title":"Disentangling the Contributions of Repeating Targets, Distractors, and Stimulus Positions to Practice Benefits in D2-Like Tests of Attention","authors":"Peter Wühr, B. Wühr","doi":"10.1525/collabra.71297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.71297","url":null,"abstract":"When a test of attention, such as the d2 test, is repeated, performance improves. These practice benefits threaten the validity of a test because it is impossible to separate the contributions of ability and practice, respectively, to a particular result. A possible solution to this dilemma would be to determine the sources of practice effects, and to use this knowledge for constructing tests that are less prone to practice. The present study investigates the contribution of three components of a d2-like test of attention to practice benefits: targets, distractors, and stimulus configurations. In Experiment 1, we compared practice effects in a target-change condition, where targets changed between sessions, to a target-repetition condition. Similarly, in Experiment 2, we compared practice effects in a distractor-change condition to a distractor-repetition condition. Finally, in Experiment 3, we compared practice effects in a position-repetition condition, where stimulus configurations were repeated within and between tests, to a position-change condition. Results showed that repeating targets and repeating distractors contribute to practice effects, whereas repeating stimulus configurations does not. Hence, in order to reduce practice effects, one might construct tests in which target learning is prevented, for example, by using multiple targets.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66879940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Social Media Sexist Content (SMSC) Database: A Database of Content and Comments for Research Use 社会媒体性别歧视内容(SMSC)数据库:一个用于研究的内容和评论数据库

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.71341

Hannah S. Buie, A. Croft

{"title":"The Social Media Sexist Content (SMSC) Database: A Database of Content and Comments for Research Use","authors":"Hannah S. Buie, A. Croft","doi":"10.1525/collabra.71341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.71341","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce the Social Media Sexist Content (SMSC) database, an open-access online stimulus set consisting of 382 social media content items and 221 comments related to the content. The content items include 90 sexist posts and 292 neutral posts. The comment items include 75 sexist comments along with 238 neutral comments. The database consists of a broad range of topics including lifestyle, memes, and school posts. All posts were anonymized after being retrieved from publicly available sources. All content and comments were rated across two domains: degree of sexism and emotional reaction to the post. In terms of sexism, the posts were rated along three dimensions of gender bias: Hostile Sexism, Benevolent Sexism, and Objectification. Participants also provided their emotional reactions to the posts in terms of feeling Ashamed, Insecure, and/or Angry. Data were collected online in two separate studies: one rating the content and the other rating the comments. The sexism and emotion ratings were highly reliable and showed the posts displayed either sexism or neutral content. The SMSC database is beneficial to researchers because it offers updated social media content for research use online and in the lab. The database affords researchers the ability to explore stimuli either by content or by ratings, and the database is free to use for research purposes. The SMSC is available for download from hannahbuie.com.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66880000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Diverse Samples Can Teach Us About Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression 不同的样本可以告诉我们抑郁症的认知脆弱性

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.71346

G. Haeffel, Hugh H Burke, Marissa Vander Missen, Lily M. Brouder

{"title":"What Diverse Samples Can Teach Us About Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression","authors":"G. Haeffel, Hugh H Burke, Marissa Vander Missen, Lily M. Brouder","doi":"10.1525/collabra.71346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.71346","url":null,"abstract":"Tests of generalizability can diversify psychological science and improve theories and measurement. To this end, we conducted five studies testing the cognitive vulnerability to depression hypothesis featured in the hopelessness theory of depression: Study 1 was conducted with Honduran young adults (n = 50); Study 2 was conducted with Nepali adults (n = 34); Study 3 was conducted with Western hemisphere adults (n = 104); Study 4 was conducted with Black U.S. adults (n = 119); and Study 5 was conducted with U.S. undergraduates (n = 110). Results showed that cognitive vulnerability could be measured reliably in diverse populations and the distribution of vulnerability scores was similar for all samples. However, the tendency to generate negative inferences about stress had different implications for depression depending on sample; the association between cognitive vulnerability and depressive symptoms did not generalize to Honduran and Nepali participants. It is now necessary to understand why a negative cognitive style confers risk for depression in some contexts but not others (e.g., is it issues related to measurement, theory, or both). The results also suggest that understanding and reducing the global burden of depression will require more than simply “translating” existing cognitive measures and theories to other countries.","PeriodicalId":45791,"journal":{"name":"Collabra-Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66880010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Going Green Feel Good in Russia: Implicit Measurements With Visual Stimuli 在俄罗斯走绿色道路感觉好吗:视觉刺激的隐性测量

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.73637

D. Valko

引用次数: 0

Cognitive Load Can Reduce Reason-Giving in a Moral Dumbfounding Task 认知负荷可以减少道德哑巴任务中的推理

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Collabra-Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.73818

Cillian McHugh, M. McGann, E. Igou, E. Kinsella

引用次数: 0