Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia最新文献_第9页

Traditional Buryat Beliefs About Birds 布里亚特人关于鸟的传统信仰

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.106-113

A. Badmaev

{"title":"Traditional Buryat Beliefs About Birds","authors":"A. Badmaev","doi":"10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.106-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.106-113","url":null,"abstract":"This study, based on ethnographic, linguistic, and folk materials, describes and interprets Buryat ideas of birds. The analysis of lexical data reveals the principal groups of birds according to the Buryat folk classiﬁcation. The bat’s status is indistinct, since bats are not subordinate to the kings of the animal world. Diagnostic criteria underlying the classiﬁcation of birds are outlined. The main criterion was whether a bird was beneﬁcial or harmful. Ornithomorphic images in Buryat mythology, folklore, and ritual are described. Cult birds and bird totems are listed, and relics of local bird cults (those relating to swan, goose, duck, pigeon, and eagle) are revealed. Birds with positive connotations are the swan, crane, swallow, pigeon, eagle, and eagle-owl. Those with negative connotation are the kite, raven, crow, quail, cuckoo, and hoopoe). The attitude toward ducks, hawks, magpies, and jackdaws is ambivalent. Certain birds (ducks and ravens) were related to cosmogonic ideas; others (swan, goose, eagle, etc.) were endowed with a werewolf capability. The raven, the cuckoo, and the hoopoe symbolized natural cycles, whereas the magpie and the quail were associated with the soul. The role of bird images in the mytho-ritual practices is discussed. The Buryat mythological ideas reﬂected not only speciﬁc ethnic views of certain birds, but also universal ones.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88259342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Architectural and Archaeological Studies in the Tobolsk Kremlin During the 1950s (Based on Photographic Documents at the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve) 20世纪50年代在托博尔斯克克里姆林宫的建筑和考古研究(基于托博尔斯克博物馆保护区的摄影文献)

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.130-139

I. V. Balyunov

{"title":"Architectural and Archaeological Studies in the Tobolsk Kremlin During the 1950s (Based on Photographic Documents at the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve)","authors":"I. V. Balyunov","doi":"10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.130-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.130-139","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1950s, large-scale excavations were carried out under the Tobolsk Kremlin restoration project in order to examine its monuments of stone architecture. Published accounts of the ﬁndings are scarce. Valuable sources of information are the photographic archives of the Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve. Materials include photographs of excavations and photocopies of drafts and plans. Owing to these and certain other sources, it has become possible to say exactly where and how the excavations were conducted, which monuments were detected, and how the ﬁndings were used during the restoration of the kremlin. Several dozen test pits made possible to evaluate the condition of the foundations, their layout, and depth. The most important result of the work carried out under F.G. Dubrovin’s guidance, is the study of late 17th century fortiﬁcations. Owing to numerous reconstructions, they have survived to this day in a rather fragmented state. Large areas of the northern, southern, and eastern fortiﬁcations were revealed, including remains of walls and towers. Their foundations were cleared; their exact location and general layout were assessed.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84887331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cultural Attribution of Early Bronze Age Tombs Under Kurgans in Azerbaijan 阿塞拜疆库尔干人墓下早期青铜时代墓葬的文化归属

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.022-028

P. Gasymov

{"title":"Cultural Attribution of Early Bronze Age Tombs Under Kurgans in Azerbaijan","authors":"P. Gasymov","doi":"10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.022-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.022-028","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the cultural attribution of a distinct category of Early Bronze Age burials in the eastern piedmont of the Lesser Caucasus, northwestern Azerbaijan, known as “tombs under kurgans” or “kurgans with collective burials in tombs”. There was an opinion that such burials belong to the early period of the Kura-Araxes (or proto-Kura-Araxes) culture. To test this idea, we analyzed ceramics from tombs under kurgans at Shadyly, Uzun-Rama, and Mentesh-Tepe, all of which have radiocarbon dates. Results suggest that the vessels are hand-made, their paste contains no organic temper, and they are a coarse imitation of the Uruk ceramics. This tradition is unrelated to the Kura-Araxes culture, marked by a handmade red-and-black burnished pottery. Also, at the highly developed stage of the Kura-Araxes in any of its local versions, collective burials in tombs were not practiced. Thus, before the emergence of the Kuro-Araxes culture in the Southern Caucasus, there was a population practicing the tradition of kurgans with collective burials in tombs. The origin of this tradition is a contentious matter. What we know only is that it emerged in the 34th century BC and disappeared around the 31st–30th centuries BC, following the Kura-Araxes expansion in the Southern Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79622235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two Rare Finds from the Maikop-Novosvobodnaya Sites in the Black Sea Region 黑海地区Maikop-Novosvobodnaya遗址的两个罕见发现

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.029-037

S. Korenevskiy, A. Yudin

引用次数: 0

The Southeastern Sindica Frontier: The Raevskoye Fortiﬁed Settlement 东南辛迪加边境:拉耶夫斯科耶设防定居点

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.2.069-079

Alexander A. Malyshev, V. Batchenko

{"title":"The Southeastern Sindica Frontier: The Raevskoye Fortiﬁed Settlement","authors":"Alexander A. Malyshev, V. Batchenko","doi":"10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.2.069-079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.2.069-079","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of the Bosporan Kingdom (the interior colonization of Bosporus) was caused by the need for commercial grain in the Greek markets of the Mediterranean. The steep rise in the Bosporan rulers’ incomes followed the annexation of Sindica—one of the most fertile lands of the Northern Pontic region, situated in the Lower Kuban basin. This study discusses the history of the vast chora of the Greek Gorhippia in the southeastern fringes of Sindica, focusing on ﬁndings from a Bosporan fort—the Raevskoye fortiﬁed settlement. We reconstruct the evolution of the anthropogenic landscape of the area over four centuries (Hellenistic and Early Roman period). The chronology is based on a collection of Bosporan coins from the fortiﬁed settlement. We analyze the factors due to which the habitation layers of the fortiﬁed settlement span a period from the Early Bronze Age to the High Middle Ages. We provide a new topography of the Early Iron Age aboriginal site, along with that of the fortiﬁed site existing during the three Bosporan stages. Special attention is paid to the fortiﬁcation system, arranged in the Hellenistic period. Studies in recent decades have suggested that the fortiﬁcations were constructed according to the typical Bosporan technique of adobe-stone architecture. The fortiﬁed settlement evolved over a long period as an economic and political center of a large borderland zone between the Greek civilization and the archaic societies of the Caucasian piedmonta peculiar frontier of the classical era.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80278193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trepanations in Sauromato-Sarmatian Crania from the Lower Volga 伏尔加河下游萨尔马提亚人颅骨的钻孔

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.140-148

E. Pererva, N. Berezina, M. Krivosheev

{"title":"Trepanations in Sauromato-Sarmatian Crania from the Lower Volga","authors":"E. Pererva, N. Berezina, M. Krivosheev","doi":"10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.140-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.140-148","url":null,"abstract":"We describe artiﬁcial openings in crania of the Early Iron Age nomads of the Lower Volga region, owned by the Moscow State University’s Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology. Such openings were found in two male specimens of the Sauromato-Sarmatian age from Bykovo (burial 4, kurgan 13) and Baranovka (burial 2, kurgan 21). Using macroscopic and X-ray examination, we attempt to identify the surgical techniques and the reasons behind the operations. The cranial vault of the Bykovo individual was trepanned by scraping and cutting, for medical purposes. The man survived the surgery, as evidenced by healing. In the case of Baranovka, the operation was performed postmortem or peri-mortem by drilling and cutting, possibly for ritual purposes. Collating these cases with others relating to the Early Iron Age nomadic (Sauromato-Sarmatian) culture of the Lower Volga region and adjacent territories and with written and archaeological sources suggests that the closest parallels come from Central Asia, and Southern and Western Siberia, where the custom of post-mortem ritual trepanations was very common. The surgical techniques practiced in the Lower Volga region were likely due to the penetration of Greek and Roman medical traditions in the mid-ﬁrst millennium BC.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74173107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metal Artifacts from a Newly Discovered Cemetery in the Severnaya Sosva Basin, Northwestern Siberia 在西伯利亚西北部的Severnaya Sosva盆地新发现的墓地中的金属文物

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.089-096

K. Rudenko, A. Baulo

{"title":"Metal Artifacts from a Newly Discovered Cemetery in the Severnaya Sosva Basin, Northwestern Siberia","authors":"K. Rudenko, A. Baulo","doi":"10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.089-096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.089-096","url":null,"abstract":"We describe artifacts from a medieval cemetery near the village of Lyulikary, in the Berezovsky District of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra. The village was ﬁrst mentioned in the 14th to 15th centuries, when it was a major trade center on the route from Russia to Siberia. The place adjoining the cemetery and horizons overlying it relate to a medieval sanctuary. Some artifacts were found apart from the burials, near the surface. These include silver and copper decorations, ceremonial ware, and weaponry (a helmet, chain mail, and sabers). We describe round silver pendants representing mounted falconers, and metal shields protecting the wrist. There are also arch-shaped dangle pendants with stone inserts. Because most decorations are gilded and nielloed, and show typical decorative elements, we propose that most were manufactured in the Kama area. On the basis of comparative analysis we conclude that certain decorations, including hinged bracelets, are replicas of late 12th to early 13th century Russian prototypes. The metal ware includes fragments of a 12th century Iranian dish, fragmented goblets, bowls, and dishes, which reveal parallels with Eastern and Western European toreutics. On the basis of these parallels and characteristic features of design, these artifacts are dated to the 13th century.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90878026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Zoomorphic Antler Staff from an Early Neolithic Burial at Pushkinsky, the Orenburg Region 奥伦堡地区普希金斯基新石器时代早期墓葬中的兽形鹿角杖

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.014-021

N. Morgunova

引用次数: 1

The Ethnoarchaeology of Russians in the Syro-Palestinian Region (18th–19th Centuries) 叙利亚-巴勒斯坦地区俄罗斯人的民族考古学(18 - 19世纪)

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.097-105

L. Belyaev, Y. Tchekhanovets

{"title":"The Ethnoarchaeology of Russians in the Syro-Palestinian Region (18th–19th Centuries)","authors":"L. Belyaev, Y. Tchekhanovets","doi":"10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.097-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.097-105","url":null,"abstract":"This study belongs to a new archaeological subdiscipline in Russian and Israeli research—the archaeology of Russian presence, addressing cultural, ethnic, and geopolitical contacts between the Russian Empire and the Near Eastern, speciﬁcally Syro-Palestinian, population in the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. This was the time when a new sociocultural entity emerged, known as Russian Palestine. Many thousands of Orthodox Christians from Russia (including Siberia) traveled to the Holy Land each year. A prolonged Russian residence in the Ottoman part of Palestine, where Russia owned dozens of estates, had a profound impact on Palestinian culture. Important evidence thereof are archaeological sites relating to Russian estates and pilgrimage centers. This article provides information on newly discovered Russian estates in 19th century Jerusalem, remains of buildings with their infrastructure at the Russian and Benjamin’s estates, and the Russian Compound outside the Jaffa Gate. Evidence of the Russian presence include numerous 18th–19th century lapidary inscriptions, utensils left by the ﬁrst Russian missionaries, small cemeteries, and separate burials (some of them very interesting, such as the burial of a Russian pilgrim at Aceldama, Jerusalem). One ﬁnd is unusual—a family synodikon from Aceldama, printed in Moscow. Among the inscriptions are professional ones, made in the monumental style, and usual prayer grafﬁti. One inscription has allowed us to determine the date of the pilgrimage to Constantinople and Palestine by the Chernigov monks, described by Sylvester (Dikansky).","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87000226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Southeastern Sindica Frontier: The Raevskoye Fortified Settlement 东南辛迪加边境:拉耶夫斯科耶设防定居点

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.2.069-079

A. A. Malyshev, V. Batchenko

引用次数: 0