Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Insomnia in Menopausal Women","authors":"Kiran Bashir, Uzair Khalid, Fatima Amjad, Humam Khalil, Shiza Maryam, Rubia Batool","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.985","url":null,"abstract":"Menopause represents a pivotal period in a women’s life, encompassing significant biological, psychological, and social transformations. The majority of women going through menopause commonly encounter the challenge of experiencing recurring and frequent insomnia. Objective: To determine the prevalence of insomnia in menopausal women in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Methods: Between November 2022 and June 2023, following the duration of 6 months, a descriptive cross-sectional investigation was undertaken, involving 267 menopausal women. The data were gathered from the general population of Rawalpindi/Islamabad, encompassing both housewives and hospital outpatients, utilizing a convenience sampling. Those individuals fulfilling the eligibility criteria underwent evaluation for insomnia employing the Athens Insomnia Scale. Data analysis were conducted utilizing SPSS version-25. Results: Out of 267 participants, 43.1% had insomnia when assessed by AIS-8. The mean age of the participants was 51.80 ± 7.197, onset of menopause was < 5 years by majority (70.8%) of the females with the most prevalent symptom of insomnia, \"Final awakening earlier than desired\" while the least common was \"Impairment in functioning during the day\" reported by menopausal women. Conclusions: Our study findings indicated that insomnia is prevalent among menopausal women, with the most common symptom being waking up earlier than desired. On the other hand, the least commonly reported symptom among menopausal women was impaired daytime functioning due to insomnia.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135987875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Risk Factors with the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy at a Rural Health Facility in Sindh Pakistan","authors":"Abdul Khalique, Amjad Hussain Rizvi, . MS Fahmi, Muhammed Qamar Khan, Abdul Nasir, Rasheed Ahmed Khan, Mahboob Ali, Afsha Bibi","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.989","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the resulting Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a significant health problem around the World. In 2019, the total number of diabetics worldwide was 463 million, and 35% had some DR. Objectives: To determine the correlation between the severity of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and the known risk factors. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design was used with convenience sampling in a primary, multispecialty day care health facility under the Baqai Foundation (Khushal Nagar) in a rural area of Sindh from 2020 - 2022. A total of 133 patients had some DR according to the International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (ICDRSS), which correlated with the different risk factors. Spearman rank correlation was used, and the result was considered significant when the P value was <.05. Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between the severity of DR with Age, Random Blood Sugar, Hypertension, and Smoking. Glycated hemoglobin and hyperlipidemia were not significantly correlated, mainly because of the small sample size. (23 and 14 respectively). The patients who tried to have Lipid Profile and Glycated Hemoglobin done had stage four or five of ICDRSS. Conclusions: Most risk factors studied were positively correlated with the severity of DR. Besides the intended study, the findings highlighted the non-awareness of patients about DR and its consequences. Awareness campaigns and screening programs for DR and its risk factors are urgently required and tailored to our circumstances.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135991982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Research Ethics and Integrity in Pakistan: Ensuring Rigorous and Responsible Research Practices","authors":"Muhammad Asif Naveed","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.1014","url":null,"abstract":"Medical research stands as a cornerstone of progress in healthcare, yielding insights that drive advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. In Pakistan, a country with a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, the significance of upholding impeccable research ethics and integrity cannot be overstated. Ethical considerations are not mere formalities; they are the bedrock on which reliable and credible research rests. Striving for scientific excellence demands a commitment to transparency, honesty, and adherence to ethical principles at every stage of research. \u0000The pursuit of robust research ethics encompasses several key dimensions. Foremost among these is the protection of human subjects. The ethical responsibility to ensure the well-being, rights, and informed consent of participants cannot be compromised. Equally vital is the need to safeguard the credibility of research findings. Fabrication, falsification, and selective reporting erode the very foundation of scientific inquiry and trust. In this regard, fostering a culture of accountability, where researchers are held to high standards of integrity, is imperative. Pakistan's research institutions must provide clear guidelines and promote educational programs that empower researchers to navigate complex ethical dilemmas. \u0000As Pakistan's healthcare system becomes more interconnected with the global scientific community, harmonizing ethical standards is of paramount importance. International collaborations demand mutual respect for research ethics and data integrity. However, to achieve this, Pakistan must continue strengthening its regulatory framework and research oversight mechanisms. Regulatory bodies play a pivotal role in ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines and in investigating allegations of misconduct. By bolstering these mechanisms, Pakistan can inspire confidence in the quality and credibility of its research endeavors. \u0000In conclusion, upholding medical research ethics and integrity in Pakistan is not a mere formality but a pledge to scientific rigor and societal well-being. The research community, regulatory bodies, and educational institutions must unite to foster a culture where ethical considerations are central to every research endeavor. Through unwavering commitment to rigorous and responsible research practices, Pakistan can both contribute meaningfully to the global body of knowledge and elevate its healthcare system for the benefit of its citizens.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85824996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Donors Hemovigilance in Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar","authors":"Safia Nawaz, Ayaz Ayub, Bilal Ahmad, Tahira Nawaz","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.959","url":null,"abstract":"Hemovigilance of blood donors is an integral part of blood transfusion system, conferring to lessen the blood donation complications and enhancing the safety of blood donors. Objective: To determine the prevalence, severity, and associated factors of acute hemovigilance reactions in the blood donors of public sector tertiary care hospital bank banks in Peshawar. Methods: A multi-centered, cross-sectional approach was applied on blood donors` population selected via random proportionate sampling, visiting 6 Public sector tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar. Adverse reactions were reported on national guidelines reporting form during and after the blood donation. Results: Out of 420 blood donors selected via random proportionate sampling of total blood donors` population, prevalence of acute adverse hemovigilance reaction was 8.57% while no adverse reactions occurred in 91.43% of the blood donors. The most frequent hemovigilance reaction was vasovagal reactions (5.2%). All the reactions were of mild to moderate severity with no life threatening hemovigilance reactions. Conclusions: The overall prevalence rate was 8.57% of all healthy blood donors` which strengthens the fact that adverse reactions are avoidable complication of blood donations among the voluntary and replacement blood donors, and can be prevented with centralized hemovigilance data base for a sustainable base of voluntary blood donors.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89226463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of Pregnant Women Regarding the Mode of Delivery among the Primary Gravida","authors":"Imamah Zainab, Humaira Saddique, Rubina Jabeen","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.727","url":null,"abstract":"Caesarean sections (CS) are becoming more commonplace. Pregnant women's awareness of childbirth options, the causes contributing to their lack of information, and their desire for CS delivery were little understood. Objective: To assess the knowledge of pregnant women regarding the mode of delivery among the primary gravida. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research study design was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore during January to June 2023. About 171 pregnant patients were enrolled to assess the knowledge of pregnant women of the first gravida. Data analysis was done through (SPSS) version 21.0. The Bartlett and KMO values have been checked to ensure validity and reliability in our context. Results: Out of 171 pregnant females, 90.6% were aged 21-30 years. Approximately 67.3% believed that vaginal birth is a natural and appropriate way of delivery, and 87.7% believed that the infant might be obtained early within minutes by vaginal delivery. About 88.3% females thought that vaginal delivery is better than cesarean section, however 85.5% also thought that it is also risky for baby. Conclusions: Generally, the knowledge of pregnant women about the mode of delivery and benefits of vaginal delivery is good in this study. But due to their thought about risk to the fetus, mostly select cesarean section over vaginal delivery. Therefore, the patient should be educated about the knowledge of pregnant women’s mode of delivery to control the (CS) rate.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135989877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Research Landscape: An In-Depth Analysis of Challenges Encountered by Public and Private Medical and Dental Undergraduate Students","authors":"Wajiha Qamar, Anita Nisar","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.930","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the challenges experienced by undergraduate students in different educational environments is crucial for navigating the evolving research landscape effectively. Objective: To review the challenges faced by undergraduate students enrolled in public and private sector dental and medical colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan's. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and a tailored questionnaire that was distributed to undergraduate students in both sectors to gather data. Time limits, knowledge and research abilities, the availability of mentoring and training, institutional support, and language difficulties were covered by the questionnaire. The chi-square test and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: Key findings include research engagement is low, particularly in the private sector. Time restrictions are a significant barrier that are particularly severe in the private sector. Significant barriers include a lack of research abilities and information, as well as inadequate mentoring and training programs. Particularly in the public sector, there is a dearth of institutional support. Language obstacles are typically not very severe. The chi-square test confirms a significant difference in challenges between public and private sector students. Conclusions: Both public and private sectors have low levels of research engagement, with the private sector having a larger non-participation rate. Both students in the public and private sectors encounter significant challenges, with private sector students identifying time restraints and a lack of information and research skills as the most significant barriers. Lack of readily available mentorship and training programs, as well as institutional support, is a significant barrier for students in both sectors.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72784599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overweight, Obesity and its Associated Factors among Nurses at Tertiary Care Hospitals Karachi","authors":"Junaid Ali, .. Badil, .. Raja, Farina Sami, Yasir Ali, Sajid Ali, G. Qadir","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.907","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight and obesity have been identified as considerable health risks worldwide. Objective: To identify the prevalence of overweight, and obesity and its association with demographic variables among nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital and Dow University Hospital Karachi over a period of six months of periods from March to August 2019. A total of 299 subjects of both genders were approached by the non-probability convenient sampling method. Chi-square test was applied to identify the associated factors. P-value ≤ 0.05 counted as significant. Results: Out of 299, half of the study nurses 149 (49.8%) were male. Among 299 participants, 75 (25.1%) of them were overweight or obese. While 13 (4.3%) were underweight and 211 (70.6%) were normal weight. Mean age, working experience, and BMI were found 29.52 ± 8.568, 7.35 ± 6.177, and 23.30 ± 3.148 respectively of the study nurses. Gender (p-value=0.003), educational status (p-value=0.002), and nature of the job (p-value=0.003) of the participants were found statistically significant with BMI. Conclusions: Present study concluded that the majority of study participants had normal BMI and a small number of study subjects were found obese. However, a quarter of nurses are recognized as overweight. Moreover, a significant association was established between BMI with gender, the nature of the job, and the education of nurses. ","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"52 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89655583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and Outcome of Hyponatremia among Elderly Patients","authors":"Hafsa Auroj, Mumtaz Ali Lakho, I. Karim, M. K. Shaikh, Shafaq Jabeen, Samar Raza, Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.921","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely recognized that eight physiological alterations make elderly people more susceptible to contracting hyponatremia. The frequency and outcome of this condition however, seldom studied and thus merits exploration. Objective: To study the frequency and outcome of hyponatremia among elderly patients. Methods: The present descriptive case series was conducted from on a group of 207 consented elderly individuals of both sexes at Liaquat university hospital. A survey contains questions about biographical information, socio-demographics, the existence and degree of hyponatremia. The chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between hyponatremia and outcome. The data were analyzed with SPSS version-21.0. Results: Males made up 61.8% of the sample, while females made up the remaining 38.2%. The average length of hospitalization was five days (±3 SD). Hyponatremia was present among 59 (28.5%) of the inpatients (43 males and 16 females), out of which a majority (45) recovered and 11 died while the chronic liver disease and diabetes mellitus were common comorbid observed in relation to hyponatremia among elderly population. Conclusions: Hyponatremia exists in a substantial proportion of geriatric patients, as determined by meticulous examination and the condition may lead to adverse outcomes.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90665585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique and Manipulation in The Management of Non-Specific Backache; A Randomized Control Trial","authors":"Salman Khan, Sairish Sairien, Muhammad Talha, Lailma Maqbool, Aroosha Akbar, N. Kumar, M. Salman","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.943","url":null,"abstract":"Backache is the most common musculoskeletal impairment in general population worldwide.\u0000Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of MET and manipulation in the management of non-specific backache. Methods: After getting the REC approval from The Neurocounsel Clinic, Islamabad this study was initiated. Duration of study was 6 months from September 20, 2022 to March 19, 2023. Simple convenient sampling technique was done for data collection and total 30 patients of both genders between age of 18-50 years old who had backache due to mechanical cause or had no comorbidity of any kind. Those patients who had a) Lumber disc disease, b) Spondylolisthesis, c) previous back surgery, d) cardiac disease, e) pain <3 on NPRS, f) Parkinson disease were excluded. Two equals (n=15 each) were formed named as group A (MET) and group B (Manipulation). 3 sessions/ week for 3 weeks were given to each group along with heating pad (10minutes). SPSS version-22 was used for data analysis. NP test was used for between groups analysis and level of significance was kept p<0.05. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 28.25 ± 5.53 whereas of group B it was 34.73 ± 10.66. Between groups analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between both groups. Conclusions: It was concluded from the result of current study that both MET and manipulation are equally effective in the pain reduction and QoL enhancement in NSLBP sufferers.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80858430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Studies of Common Variants of TCF4 Gene Conferring Risk of Schizophrenia in Pakistani Patients","authors":"Faiza Ijaz, N. Ghaffar, Ayesha Mazhar, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan, M. Tariq","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.911","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder and it is strongly inherited disease with a heritability of 80% or more. Rare genetic mutations are more frequent in schizophrenia patients. These genetic variations interfere with brain development and include hundreds of distinct genes. Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) has been emphasized as major players for disruption of brain development as well as function and consequently, the onset of schizophrenia. The dysregulation of TCF4 gene expression in brain affects the process of pre pulse inhibition (PPI) and consequently profound reduction in sensor motor gating that may results in to the onset of schizophrenia. Objective: To find out the genetic association of common variants of TCF4 gene conferring risk of schizophrenia. Methods: It was a case control study in which statistically significant number of blood samples of confirmed diagnosed schizophrenic patients as well as age matched healthy control subjects were analyzed to screen out selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (rs9960767, rs4309482, rs12966547, and rs2958182) of TCF4 gene for their association with schizophrenia. Results: Out of these four SNPs rs9960767 and rs4309482 were significantly associated with schizophrenia. p-values for SNPs rs12966547 and rs2958182 were greater than 0.05 in both healthy controls and in patients. Conclusions: The results of this study offer compelling evidence for the link between particular TCF4 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia. Two SNPs, rs9960767 and rs4309482, were found to have a strong correlation with schizophrenia in the research population, according to the analysis.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85376489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}