European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Carbamide and Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Effect on Modern CAD/CAM Dental Ceramics: An Investigation on Ion Release and Surface Characteristics.","authors":"L Vavrickova, J Schmidt, M Kapitan, T F Eyüboğlu, M Özcan","doi":"10.1922/EJPRD_2794Vavrickova08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1922/EJPRD_2794Vavrickova08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the impact of bleaching agents based on carbamide or hydrogen peroxide on dental ceramics in vitro, utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CAD/CAM ceramics (IPS e.max®CAD, IPS Empress®CAD, Vitablocs® Mark II, Celtra Duo, and inCoris TZI) were treated with bleaching agents using either 10%, 20%, 30% carbamide peroxide or with 35%, and 40% hydrogen peroxide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surface elemental release was not significantly affected by the type or concentration of bleaching agent (p>0.05). Ion release in feldspathic ceramics was significantly higher than in other ceramic materials (p⟨0.0001). Microstructural surface changes were observed in all materials except for lithium disilicate and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All bleaching agents tested in this study showed a similar impact within each material type tested regarding total mass loss, elemental composition, or surface structure.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Lithium disilicate and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics were the most resistant to bleaching agents. In contrast, feldspathic ceramic showed the highest ion release and surface deterioration when exposed to all bleaching agents tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":45686,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Abrasion vs. Tribochemical Silica Coating: Effect on Translucent Zirconia Bond Strength.","authors":"F H O Prochnow, K R Weber, C E E Rezende, M R Kaizer, C C Gonzaga","doi":"10.1922/EJPRD_2799Prochnow07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1922/EJPRD_2799Prochnow07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the microshear bond strength between resin cement and three translucent zirconias (3Y-PSZ, 4Y-PSZ, and 5Y-PSZ) following air abrasion with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or tribochemical silica coating (CoJet), before and after thermal cycling. 3Y-TZP was included as a control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Zirconia specimens were treated with air abrasion or CoJet, followed by the application of a zirconia primer and adhesive. Dual-cured resin cement cylinders were then bonded to the treated surfaces for microshear bond strength testing after 7 days in distilled water or after aging (30 days and 10,000 thermal cycles). Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA (zirconia, treatment, and aging) and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The triple interaction was not significant. Treatment*time and zirconia*time interactions were significant (p⟨0.001). 3YTZP exhibited higher bond strength at 7 days. Higher bond strength values were obtained for CoJet and Al2O3 air abrasion groups at 7 days (13.47 ± 3.55 MPa). All specimens presented adhesive failures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The type of zirconia significantly influenced the microshear bond strength. 3Y-TZP showed greater bond strength compared to translucent zirconias. Tribochemical coating promoted higher bond strength at both time points. Thermal cycling negatively affected the bond strength of all zirconias evaluated.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The observed variations in bond strength among different translucent zirconias emphasize the importance of material selection for optimal clinical outcomes. Additionally, the positive influence of tribochemical silica coating on bond strength highlights its potential as a valuable surface treatment for enhancing the durability of zirconia-based restorations in the oral environment. However, the detrimental effects of thermal cycling on bond strength emphasize the need for careful clinical considerations when fabricating and cementing translucent zirconia restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":45686,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adhesive Type, Application Mode and Composite Preheating Influence Temperature Changes Across Different Dentin Thicknesses.","authors":"S M Wahby, Y H Abo El-Gar, F El-Askary","doi":"10.1922/EJPRD_2823Wahby10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1922/EJPRD_2823Wahby10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of universal adhesive type/mode and bulk-fill composite preheating on temperature changes (ΔTs) across two different dentin thicknesses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty dentin discs (2mm thickness) were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=10) based on adhesive type (All Bond Universal-ABU or Scotchbond Universal Plus- SBUP), adhesive mode (self-etching-SE, or etch-and-rinse-ER), and composite preheating (non-preheated, or preheated). K-type thermocouple wire was used to record ΔTs during adhesive light-curing (ΔT1), composite application (ΔT2), and composite lightcuring (ΔT3). After recording of ΔTs, 2mm dentin discs were reduced to 1mm thickness, and experiment was repeated. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA/Tukey tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dentin thickness significantly affected ΔTs (P⟨.001), with 1mm thickness showing significant increase. Neither composite preheating, nor adhesive type/ mode significantly affected temperature changes (P⟩0.05). Both ABU/SE and SBUP/ER in preheated composite groups showed no significant difference (P⟩0.05) between 2mm (2.81±0.85°C and 1.51±0.89°C, respectively) and 1mm thicknesses (3.52±0.46°C and 2.38±0.94°C, respectively) in ΔT2. ΔT3 was significantly higher than ΔT1 and ΔT2 regardless of the dentin thickness (P⟨0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Composite light-curing increased temperature beyond the limit that pulp can withstand, regardless of dentin thickness.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Preheated bulk-fill composite is safe for restoring deep cavities, but caution is needed during light curing.</p>","PeriodicalId":45686,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting Efficiency of Diamond Burs with Different Coatings on Ceramic and Resin Composite Materials after Multiple Use.","authors":"A Erlinger, N Al-Haj Husain, L F B Souza, T F Eyüboğlu, M Özcan","doi":"10.1922/EJPRD_2892Erlinger09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1922/EJPRD_2892Erlinger09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the cutting efficiency of dental burs with different surface coatings on various reconstruction materials and analyzed the microscopic changes after multiple uses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty block specimens (N=35, n=7) were prepared from various materials: CAD/CAM PMMA, direct resin composite, lithium disilicate, CAD/CAM nano-hybrid composite, and zirconia (12x4x4 mm³). The specimens were randomly assigned to cut under water cooling with one of seven bur types: Bur 1 (FG 307 CB), Bur 2 (6881.314.016), Bur 3 (FG 307 C), Bur 4 (ZR6881.314.016), Bur 5 (Prototype), Bur 6 (Prototype), and Bur 7 (Prototype). Each bur was used 10 times with a cutting depth of 3 mm. Images were taken of unused, used, and ultrasonically cleaned burs prior to data analysis (α=0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cutting efficiency varied significantly by material and bur type (p⟨0.05). Bur 3 and Bur 5 were most effective for PMMA, while Burs 5, 6, and 7 excelled with direct resin composite. Bur 7 was best for CAD/CAM composite, Bur 3 for lithium disilicate, and Bur 6 for zirconia. Burs 1 and 2 consistently performed poorly.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Bur selection is important for efficient cutting, reducing chair time, material wear, and costs while improving restoration precision and bur longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45686,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Different Finish Line Types on the Penetration Properties of Elastomeric Impression Materials.","authors":"D Pewhome, P Apinsathanon, N Na Nan, P Na Nan, P Laoharungpisit, N Aimjirakul","doi":"10.1922/EJPRD_2746Pewhom08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1922/EJPRD_2746Pewhom08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the penetration ability of elastomeric impression materials affected by abutment finish line configurations with a simulated gingival sulcus model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The gingival sulcus model was simulated using agarose gel and milled abutment models. Twenty impressions of each finish line (feather-edge, mini-chamfer, chamfer, heavy chamfer, and radial shoulder) were made. Four elastomeric impression materials were used for the two-step double-mixed, double-impression technique, consisting of polysulfide, polyvinylsiloxane, polyether, and vinylsiloxanether (N=120). The extension of impression that flowed into the simulated gingival crevices was measured under a stereomicroscope by using image analysis software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-way analysis of variance revealed statistically significant main effects and an interaction between finish line type and impression material type (p⟨0.05). The radial shoulder showed significantly greater penetration than the other finish lines for polyvinylsiloxane, polyether, and vinylsiloxanether (p⟨0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The type of finish line influences the ability of elastomeric impression materials to penetrate within a simulated gingival sulcus model. The penetration ability of elastomers tends to increase due to the increasing width of the finish line. Among all the materials, polyether has the greatest potential to penetrate through the narrow gingival sulcus.</p>","PeriodicalId":45686,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival of CAD/CAM Feldspathic Crowns in Brazilian Navy Dentistry: 24 Months of Preliminary Study.","authors":"M M M Michelon, C V Maluf, E J L Veras, D de Moraes Telles","doi":"10.1922/EJPRD_2810Michelon07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1922/EJPRD_2810Michelon07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>CAD/CAM feldspathic ceramic (FC) materials remain used for their low cost and ease of chairside production. The purpose of this study was to describe preliminary clinical results, reporting the success and survival of FC dental crowns in a high-demand service using a simplified CAD/CAM technique.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A calibrated dentist fabricated indirect restorations using the CEREC method and intraoral scanning (Cerec Omnicam, Cerec MCXL) for high-demand dental care. Forty crowns were seated adhesively and evaluated after 24 months using the newly validated UERJ criteria. Statistical analysis was performed with the McNemar test (p⟨.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survival clinical rate of FC CAD/CAM crowns after 24 months was 100%. However, 65% of indirect restorations presented reparable complications. No failure with loss of restoration was detected. Within the complications, most parts were in the proximal contact point, with statistically different significance in follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that FC CAD/CAM crowns made using a simplified technique have a high clinical survival rate after 24 months, which is crucial for high-demand service. A more extended clinical evaluation period using the same criteria is necessary to draw further conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45686,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Artificial Intelligence Approach to Kennedy Classification for Partially Edentulous Patients Using Panoramic Radiographs.","authors":"N A Hassan, A Abdelmongi, S Magdi, M Shaltout, Y Aboelhasan, Y Elhariry, E H Mohamed","doi":"10.1922/EJPRD_2801Hassan09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1922/EJPRD_2801Hassan09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence system for automated classification of partially edentulous arches from panoramic radiographs using the Kennedy classification system and Applegate's rules, alongside identifying existing teeth for automated reporting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 5261 anonymized digital panoramic radiographs collected from publicly available datasets, 1875 high-quality images were selected and divided into training (80%), validation (10%), and testing (10%) sets. Teeth were manually annotated on the Roboflow platform following the Universal Numbering System. To enhance model robustness, data augmentation techniques were applied, expanding the dataset to 2398 images. For tooth detection, a YOLOv8s deep learning model was trained for 80 epochs (batch size: 16, learning rate: 0.01). Performance was evaluated using precision, recall, F1 score, and mean average precision. Detected teeth were used to classify partially edentulous areas based on the Kennedy system. Modification areas were identified by analyzing detected and missing teeth, measuring bounded distances in millimetres, and classifying free-end saddle gaps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The YOLOv8s model achieved a mean average precision (mAP50) of 98.1% for tooth identification, with precision and recall of 95.7% and 95.8%, respectively. For Kennedy classification, the model demonstrated precision of 0.962, recall of 0.931, and an F1-score of 0.939 across maxillary and mandibular arches.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high accuracy and efficiency of this AI-driven approach can standardize classification, reduce diagnostic variability, and alleviate the workload for dental professionals, enabling seamless integration into clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This AI system provides a consistent, accurate, and reliable method for classifying partially edentulous arches from panoramic radiographs, reducing manual assessment variability, easing practitioner workload, and enabling large-scale analysis of partial edentulism prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":45686,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masking Ability of Prosthetic Substrates by a Conventional Resin Luting Agent and the Effect of the Core on the Final Color of Lithium Disilicate Crowns.","authors":"J Fehrenbach, L P Brondani, E A Münchow, C P Isolan, C D Bergolis","doi":"10.1922/EJPRD_2790Fehrenbach07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1922/EJPRD_2790Fehrenbach07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thin all-ceramic restorations enhance esthetics but are less predictable, especially with dark substrates, where opaque resin luting agents may be needed, though not always available. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a resin luting agent on the final color of lithium disilicate crowns and masking of two prosthetic substrates (esthetic and metallic).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty prostheses with ceramic crowns were simulated from bovine roots. The specimens were randomized, according to the intraradicular retainer used, and divided into 2 groups (n=40): metallic (cast post and core) and esthetic (glass fiber post with composite resin core). The crowns were attached to their cores and the first CIELAB scale was measured with a spectrophotometer. The second color measurement was performed after cementation with a dual resin luting agent. The results were submitted to color variation calculation and statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Coordinate * L and * b values increased significantly (p⟨0.05) after cementation for both groups and there was no statistical difference between the groups for the ΔE00 value (p=0.242).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Resin luting agent positively impacted the final crown color and aided in masking both substrates. The effect of the substrate was attenuated on the final color of ceramic crowns.</p>","PeriodicalId":45686,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Thermal Tempering Processes on Color Stability of Glassinfiltrated Monochrome and Multilayer 5 mol% Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia.","authors":"P Uasuwan, N Juntavee, A Juntavee","doi":"10.1922/EJPRD_2832Uasuwan12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1922/EJPRD_2832Uasuwan12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated the effects of tempering on color stability of glassinfiltrated monochrome (Mo) and multilayer (Mu) 5 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>180 5Y-PSZ specimens (width-length-thickness = 10-20-2 mm) were prepared from Mo and Mu, comprising cervical (C) and incisal (I) zone, and sintered with traditional versus glass infiltrated technique with different tempering processes through slow (S: 5°C/min), normal (N: 35°C/min), and fast (F: 70°C/min) cooling. CIE-L*a*b*, color difference (ΔEdiff), and microstructures were evaluated. ANOVA and Tamhane's comparisons were determined for significant differences (p⟨0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mo closely resembled MuI for L* and a*, but was similar to MuC for b* and ΔEdiff. MuC exhibited significantly higher L*, a*, and b*, but lower ΔEdiff than MuI. Glass infiltration and fast tempering significantly increased L*, and ΔEdiff, whereas decreased a*, and b*. Mu had higher color change than Mo, but both were within an acceptable threshold (ΔEdiff≤5.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Glass infiltration and tempering processes altered color, with greater influence on Mu>Mo. Glass infiltration and rapid tempering produced a whitechalky and less chroma due to smaller grain size and t→m transformation. Nevertheless, color alterations were still within acceptable limits, thus considered color stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":45686,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Performance of 3D Printed Resin Composite Posterior Fixed Dental Prosthesis: A Permanent Solution?","authors":"P Hobbi, T M Ordueri, F Öztürk-Bozkurt, T Toz-Akalιn, M M Ateş, M Özcan","doi":"10.1922/EJPRD_2796Hobbi10","DOIUrl":"10.1922/EJPRD_2796Hobbi10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of 3D-printed resin composite posterior fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) restorations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Between October 2020 and August 2022, 49 patients (33 females, 16 males, aged 19-60) received 68 3-unit 3D-printed resin composite posterior FDPs (ELS Even Stronger, Saremco, Switzerland). Follow-ups were conducted at baseline (2 weeks) by independent observers using modified FDI criteria, assessing anatomical form, marginal adaptation, surface roughness, color match, fracture, retention, and patient feedback. Fifty FDPs completed a 1-year follow-up, and 18 reached 2 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean observation period was 14.15 months. Failures were categorized as mechanical or biological, with 19 FDPs failing: 14 mechanical (12 cohesive fractures) and 5 biological (3 needing endodontic treatment, 2 periodontal issues). Two FDPs were recemented. Three FDPs showed surface luster loss, color mismatches, and staining. The survival rate based on mechanical failures was 69.5%, dropping to 61.0% when including biological complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After 2 years, 3D-printed resin composite FDPs demonstrated acceptable performance, with most failures due to fractures in the connector region, suggesting the need for design revisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45686,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}