AIMS Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic value of combined CT artificial intelligence (AI) system and lung cancer biomarkers in pulmonary nodule evaluation.","authors":"Lile Wang, Shuying You, Jianyi Zhou, Mo Liang, Ruicheng Hu","doi":"10.3934/publichealth.2025059","DOIUrl":"10.3934/publichealth.2025059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the diagnostic value of a Computed Tomography (CT) artificial intelligence (AI) system combined with lung cancer biomarkers for pulmonary nodules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 200 patients with pulmonary nodules treated at our hospital from February 2021 to January 2025. Based on pathological results, patients were divided into a benign group and a malignant group. The two groups were compared in terms of baseline data and lung cancer biomarkers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, misdiagnosis rate, and missed diagnosis rate of the CT/AI system alone and in combination with lung cancer biomarkers were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant differences between the benign group (134 cases) and malignant group (66 cases) regarding sex, lobulation sign, spiculation sign, solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN), or mean CT value (P > 0.05). However, the benign group had significantly lower age, years of smoking, chronic lung disease, pure ground-glass nodules (pGGN), nodule diameter, irregular nodules, bronchial changes, and vascular changes compared to the malignant group (P < 0.05). Levels of CEA, NSE, CYFRA 21-1, SCCA, and ProGRP were also significantly lower in the benign group than in the malignant group (P < 0.05). Taking pathology as the reference standard, the CT/AI system alone had a sensitivity of 71.21% (47/66), specificity of 85.07% (114/134), accuracy of 80.50% (161/200), misdiagnosis rate of 19.50% (39/200), and missed diagnosis rate of 28.79% (19/66). In contrast, the CT/AI system combined with lung cancer biomarkers had a sensitivity of 92.42% (61/66), specificity of 93.28% (125/134), accuracy of 93.00% (186/200), misdiagnosis rate of 7.00% (14/200), and missed diagnosis rate of 7.58% (5/66), with all diagnostic parameters significantly improved compared with the CT/AI system alone (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, smoking for >20 years, chronic lung disease, nodule diameter, irregular nodules, bronchial changes, vascular changes, NSE, CYFRA 21-1, and SCCA were all risk factors for malignant pulmonary nodules (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that age, nodule type, chronic lung disease, nodule morphology, bronchial changes, and vascular changes had modest value for predicting malignant pulmonary nodules, with AUCs of 0.586, 0.750, 0.707, 0.601, 0.580, and 0.565, respectively. Smoking, nodule diameter, CEA, NSE, CYFRA 21-1, SCCA, and ProGRP had better predictive value, with AUCs of 0.840, 0.944, 0.958, 0.922, 0.856, 0.978, and 0.990, respectively. The combined diagnosis of all indicators achieved an AUC of 0.993.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong","PeriodicalId":45684,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Public Health","volume":"12 4","pages":"1157-1171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12795762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary determinants and public health implications of obesity in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Ali Mohieldin","doi":"10.3934/publichealth.2025058","DOIUrl":"10.3934/publichealth.2025058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Obesity has emerged as a major public health concern in Saudi Arabia, driven by rapid lifestyle transitions and dietary changes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of obesity among adults in the Aseer region.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 adults residing in the Aseer region. Data was collected through an online self-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic factors, dietary intake, and lifestyle habits. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to examine associations with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among participants, 25.3% were obese, and 48.1% were overweight. Obesity was significantly associated with female gender (73.4% of the obese group), age ≥ 36 years, and marital status (p < 0.05). Frequent consumption of sugary foods and physical inactivity also emerged as significant predictors. Logistic regression revealed female gender, being single, and a lack of physical activity as independent predictors of obesity (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Obesity prevalence in Aseer is substantial, particularly among women and older adults. Tailored interventions that promote physical activity should be prioritized, and although frequent sugary food intake was associated with obesity in bivariate analysis, this relationship did not remain statistically significant in the multivariate model and should therefore be interpreted with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":45684,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Public Health","volume":"12 4","pages":"1146-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12795763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond a digital habit: Socio-ecological perspectives on social media disorder among Indonesian college students.","authors":"Ulfi Hida Zainita, Evi Martha, Tiara Amelia, Dewi Safitri","doi":"10.3934/publichealth.2025057","DOIUrl":"10.3934/publichealth.2025057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Indonesia, with a total population of 278.7 million, it was recorded that almost half the population were social media users (49.9%) in 2024. Studies from various sources report that passive and excessive use of social media, especially in the student age category, is a trigger for Social Media Disorder (SMD). However, research examining the socio-cultural factors of SMD is lacking, especially in the Indonesian context. Thus, in this study, we aimed to explore the phenomenon of SMD to reveal the social and cultural aspects among college students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a qualitative case study, and data were obtained using semi-structured online interviews conducted in April-June 2025. A total of 12 informants (Code: I 1-12) aged 18-22 years scored 5-9 using the SMD scale from 12 faculties at the Universitas Indonesia. The data was collected through semi-structured online interviews. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants had accounts on WhatsApp, LINE, Instagram, TikTok, X (formerly Twitter), and YouTube. Nine common subthemes were identified across participants: (1) 'Duration of social media use', (2) 'The second accounts of Instagram', (3) 'Each social media has different motivation uses', (4) 'Passive activity on social media', (5) 'Importance of peer groups', (6) 'Lack of openness toward parents', (7) 'Collective efficacy gives courage to speak up', (8) 'Social etiquette is a must', and (9) 'The shifting of cultural value during social media use'.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Social media use among students was deeply embedded in their academic routines, emotional coping strategies, and social navigation. Ultimately, addressing SMD requires a shift from simplistic models of addiction toward a more nuanced understanding that integrates cultural context, peer dynamics, and emotional well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":45684,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Public Health","volume":"12 4","pages":"1128-1145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12795767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with hypoalbuminemia and malnutrition risk in older inpatients: A detailed analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics.","authors":"Tran Thi Phuong Lan, Pham Van Phu, Le Thi Huong, Le Xuan Hung, Nguyen Quang Dung","doi":"10.3934/publichealth.2025056","DOIUrl":"10.3934/publichealth.2025056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malnutrition and hypoalbuminemia are critical health challenges among hospitalized older adults, contributing to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and higher mortality risks. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hypoalbuminemia and malnutrition risk in older inpatients at Military Hospital 354, Hanoi, Vietnam, from January-June 2025. A total of 264 patients aged 65 and older were recruited from geriatric, internal medicine, and rehabilitation wards. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as serum albumin levels <35 g/L, and malnutrition risk was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF; score < 12). Data on demographic (age, sex, education, cohabitation) and clinical/biochemical factors (primary diagnosis, hemoglobin, lymphocyte, zinc, ferritin) were collected within 48 hours of admission. The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia was 33.0%, and 73.5% of patients were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Multivariable logistic regression identified older age (<i>AOR</i> 1.09, 95% <i>CI</i> 1.01-1.18) and male sex (<i>AOR</i> 2.17, 95% <i>CI</i> 1.14-4.17) as significant factors associated with malnutrition risk, while female sex was protective for both hypoalbuminemia (<i>AOR</i> 0.48, 95% <i>CI</i> 0.27-0.86) and malnutrition risk (<i>AOR</i> 0.46, 95% <i>CI</i> 0.24-0.88). Higher lymphocyte counts were associated with hypoalbuminemia (<i>AOR</i> 1.24, 95% <i>CI</i> 1.00-1.53). Spearman's correlations revealed strong positive associations between zinc and ferritin (<i>r</i> = 0.74, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and negative correlations of age with zinc (<i>r</i> = -0.43) and ferritin (<i>r</i> = -0.33). These findings highlight the high burden of nutritional deficits in Vietnam's older inpatients and underscore the need for routine MNA-SF and albumin screening to guide early interventions, particularly targeting micronutrient deficiencies in resource-constrained settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":45684,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Public Health","volume":"12 4","pages":"1115-1127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12795770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between PM_2.5 level and respiratory tract infections among children: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hari Krismanuel, Purnamawati Tjhin","doi":"10.3934/publichealth.2025055","DOIUrl":"10.3934/publichealth.2025055","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; is a key air pollutant that contributes to respiratory morbidity, especially in children. In Jakarta, Indonesia, PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; levels often exceed safe thresholds. This study contributes local evidence from Indonesia, where research on the health effects of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in children remains limited. To address this gap in the existing literature, particularly within the Indonesian context, this study offers novel insights by specifically investigating the association between ambient PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; exposure and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in school-aged children and further exploring this association within male and female subgroups, an aspect that has received limited attention in this setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to assess the association between ambient PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; exposure and RTIs in school-aged children, and to explore this association within male and female subgroups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 children aged 6-12 years from two elementary schools: one in Jakarta (high PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; exposure) and one in Bandung (low PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; exposure). Data on PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; levels were obtained from local air quality monitoring. RTI symptoms were assessed through structured interviews and physical examination. Participants were selected using random sampling. Chi-square tests and effect size calculations (phi coefficient) were used to compare groups. Potential confounders such as age, gender, and household smoke exposure were minimized through inclusion/exclusion criteria and the selection of demographically and environmentally similar school communities. Multiple binary logistic regression adjusting for confounders was also performed to assess the independent association between PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; exposure and RTIs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The Chi-square test indicated a significant association between PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; levels and the occurrence of RTI (χ² = 22.154, df = 1, p &lt; 0.001, φ = 0.475). Given the potential low expected counts in some cells, the statistical significance was further evaluated using Fisher's Exact Test, which also showed a significant association (p &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of RTI was significantly higher in the high exposure group (71.43%) compared to the low exposure group (25.86%) (p &lt; 0.001). Further analysis did not reveal significant differences in the proportion of each age group between the high and low PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; exposure groups [χ²(1) = 0.093, p = 0.761]. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the proportion of gender between the high and low PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; exposure groups [χ²(1) = 1.611, p = 0.204] in the total sample. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the proportion of RTI across different age groups [χ²(6) = 5.327, p = 0.503] or between genders [χ²(1) = 0.008, p = 0.928] in the total sample. However, further ana","PeriodicalId":45684,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Public Health","volume":"12 4","pages":"1084-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12667370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between nursing work environment, burnout, and turnover intention: A cross-sectional study in Greece.","authors":"Ioannis Moisoglou, Aglaia Katsiroumpa, Evangelos C Fradelos, Ioanna V Papathanasiou, Theodosios Paralikas, Ioanna Prasini, Maria Rekleiti, Aggeliki Katsapi, Maria Chatzi, Petros Galanis","doi":"10.3934/publichealth.2025054","DOIUrl":"10.3934/publichealth.2025054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A nurse's work environment has consistently been the most important factor affecting the emergence of burnout and their choice to resign from their positions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This work seeks to investigate the impact of the nursing work environment on job burnout and turnover intentions among nurses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2024 in Greece. We employed the \"Practice Environment Scale-5\" to assess the nursing work environment. Additionally, we used the single item burnout measure to measure job burnout, and the single item turnover intention measure to measure turnover intention among our nurses. We used multivariable regression models to adjust for demographic and job variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than half of the nurses (56.7%) reported a high level of turnover intention. The mean score on the single item burnout measure (7.78) indicated high levels of burnout in our sample. The multivariable linear regression analysis showed that lower levels of staffing and resource adequacy were associated with the increased job burnout (adjusted beta = -0.431, 95% <i>CI</i> = -0.683 to -0.180, <i>p</i>-value = 0.001). Similarly, our multivariable logistic regression model found an independent negative effect of staffing and resource adequacy on the turnover intention (adjusted <i>OR</i> = 0.594, 95% confidence interval = 0.421 to 0.840, <i>p</i>-value = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our multivariable analysis indicated that a diminishing nursing work environment is associated with an increased job burnout and turnover intention. Improving the nursing work environment is essential to reduce the job burnout and turnover intention among nurses.</p>","PeriodicalId":45684,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Public Health","volume":"12 4","pages":"1069-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12795768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant risk of developing asbestos-related diseases in Japan's industries: An analysis of workers' compensation.","authors":"Leli Hesti Indriyati, Masamitsu Eitoku, Naw Awn J-P, Taro Tamura, Narufumi Suganuma","doi":"10.3934/publichealth.2025053","DOIUrl":"10.3934/publichealth.2025053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asbestos has been used in various industries, and prolonged exposure can increase the risk of asbestos-related disease (ARD). Although the use of asbestos has been prohibited in Japan since 2012, it was imported well into the 2000s. This study aimed to identify industries in Japan whose workers are at heightened risk of developing ARD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was based on a comprehensive analysis of fiscal year data from the Survey of Claims and Decisions on Benefits for Asbestos-Related Health Damage and calendar year data from the Status of Pneumoconiosis Health Management Implementation in Japan. Occupations associated with asbestos exposure risk were identified using the Japan Standard Industrial Classification (Rev. 14, 2023). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was estimated using Poisson regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study includes 8,971,500 person-years from 2006 to 2022. Construction workers showed the strongest positive associations with all ARDs. Within the manufacturing sector, shipyard workers were particularly vulnerable to ARDs, although a notable exception to this was the positive correlation with asbestosis among workers in the ceramic industry (IRR 1.56; 95% <i>CI</i> 1.12-2.17). Mesothelioma is the most prevalent ARD over the past 17 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that, despite asbestos being banned in Japan for the past 13 years, cases of ARDs continue to occur in various industries, with construction and shipyard workers being at highest risk. Consequently, individuals with prior asbestos exposure require continuous monitoring to avoid potential adverse health consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":45684,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Public Health","volume":"12 4","pages":"1055-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12795769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring digital interaction and positive youth development in a sample of Spanish undergraduates.","authors":"Esther López-Bermúdez, Gina Tomé, Diego Gómez-Baya","doi":"10.3934/publichealth.2025052","DOIUrl":"10.3934/publichealth.2025052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the associations between different types of internet use and Positive Youth Development (PYD) among Spanish university students, considering gender differences. A total of 1779 undergraduate students (65.9% men, <i>M</i> age = 20.32, <i>SD</i> = 1.84) from ten universities in Andalusia (Spain) completed online self-report measures assessing the five dimensions of PYD and some internet use behaviors, including social networking, online gaming, reading, surfing or looking for information, music-related activities, and e-commerce. Descriptive analyses indicated moderate levels of overall PYD, with the highest scores in Caring and Character and the lowest in Competence. Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses showed that the most frequent online activities were social networking, surfing or looking for information, and playing or downloading music. Social networking and online gaming were negatively associated with PYD, whereas reading or looking for information was positively associated. Significant gender differences emerged across all variables, with women reporting more frequent social media use and higher Character and Caring, and men showing more frequent gaming activity and higher Competence and Confidence. The findings underline the distinct associations between specific internet activities and PYD dimensions. The results suggest the importance of promoting constructive digital engagement and mitigating potentially harmful practices. Gender differences should be considered when adopting programs to the needs of each group.</p>","PeriodicalId":45684,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Public Health","volume":"12 4","pages":"1035-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12795765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of physical fitness in youth with post-COVID-19: A study of individuals with and without symptoms.","authors":"Patchareeya Amput, Sirima Wongphon","doi":"10.3934/publichealth.2025051","DOIUrl":"10.3934/publichealth.2025051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to examine differences in physical fitness among young adults in three distinct groups: individuals with long COVID, those who had recovered from COVID-19 without lingering symptoms, and healthy individuals with no history of infection. A total of 105 participants were equally divided into the three groups (n = 35 each). Evaluations included handgrip strength for upper body strength, handheld dynamometry for quadricep strength, and a six-minute walk test (6MWT) to assess the cardiorespiratory performance. Participants with long COVID demonstrated significantly lower handgrip strengths compared to the control group. Additionally, both post-COVID groups showed reduced 6MWT distances and elevated post-exercise physiological responses, including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, perceived exertion, and leg fatigue, regardless of symptom persistence. These findings indicate that individuals recovering from COVID-19, especially those with persistent symptoms, exhibit measurable declines in muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness, along with heightened physiological stress during physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45684,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Public Health","volume":"12 4","pages":"1026-1034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12795776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between modifiable risk factors and limitation in activities of daily living among individuals aged ≥ 45 years: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS).","authors":"Yaheng Li, Jian Gao, Wenzhu Song, Xiaolin Liang, Xinhao He, Fuliang Yi, Wenhao Song, Dongliang Yin","doi":"10.3934/publichealth.2025050","DOIUrl":"10.3934/publichealth.2025050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With aging populations, a growing number of older people are subjected to limitations in activities of daily living (ADL), causing a tremendous burden and challenges to patients' quality of life and policymakers. Investigating modifiable risk factors for ADL remains an important project to help lower its risk. This study aimed to explore associations between the modifiable risk factors and ADL using national-scale data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were downloaded from CHARLS 2020, a population-based longitudinal survey. We included modifiable risk variables and ADL index, i.e., basic ADL (BALD) and instrumental ADL (IADL). Afterward, variables were included in the logistic regression model construction. Also, propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to validate the findings. Finally, we tried to discuss the associations between different age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12,248 participants were included in this study, comprising 5799 women (47.35%) and 6449 men (52.65%). The median age was 62 (55-69) years. Among the participants, 2055 (16.78%) had limitations in BADL, and 1838 (15.01%) had limitations in IADL. Logistic regression demonstrated that exercise significantly reduced the risk of BADL and IADL impairment (BADL: <i>OR</i> = 0.70, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.59-0.83; IADL: <i>OR</i> = 0.65, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.55-0.78; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Similarly, better cognitive ability was associated with a lower risk of impairment (BADL: <i>OR</i> = 0.68, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.61-0.75; IADL: <i>OR</i> = 0.60, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.54-0.67; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Adequate sleep duration (6-8 hours) also significantly reduced the likelihood of functional decline (BADL: <i>OR</i> = 0.49, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.45-0.55; IADL: <i>OR</i> = 0.48, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.43-0.53; <i>P</i> < 0.001). In contrast, depression symptoms and chronic diseases significantly increased the risk of both BADL and IADL impairment. Besides, PSM showed similar findings, and the risk of ADL increased with age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Modifiable risk factors, such as exercise, cognitive ability, depression symptoms, chronic diseases, social activities, and sleeping duration, were significantly associated with ADL. Besides, as age increases, the impact of various modifiable risk factors on ADL becomes more evident, emphasizing special care for older populations and offering scientific ideas for policymakers.</p>","PeriodicalId":45684,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Public Health","volume":"12 4","pages":"1005-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12795771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}