Journal of Ultrasonography最新文献

{"title":"Reference Values for the Cross Sectional Area of Normal Tibial Nerve on High-resolution Ultrasonography.","authors":"Kunwar Pal Singh,&nbsp;Sumanjeet Kaur,&nbsp;Vijinder Arora","doi":"10.15557/jou.2022.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2022.0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to establish reference values for the cross-sectional area of the tibial nerve on high-resolution ultrasonography and to investigate the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the tibial nerve and subject's age, gender, height (in cm), weight (in kg) and body mass index.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred subjects of either gender and over 18 years of age with no history of peripheral neuropathy or trauma to the lower limb were evaluated with high-resolution ultrasonography. Mean cross-sectional areas of tibial nerves were measured at two different levels in both lower limbs, first at 1 cm below the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve into tibial and common peroneal nerves (level I) and the second at 1 cm superior and posterior to the medial malleolus (level II).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I (0.196 + 0.014 cm²) was larger than the one measured at level II (0.111 ± 0.011 cm²). A positive correlation was found between the mean cross-sectional area and height, weight, and body mass index (<i>p</i> <0.05). Women had smaller cross-sectional areas of the tibial nerves than men at both sites. In addition, no significant relationship was found with the age of the subjects (<i>p</i> >0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The established reference values of the cross-sectional area of the tibial nerve will aid in early diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","volume":"22 90","pages":"e144-e152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/eb/dd/jou-22-e144.PMC9714288.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10741137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Distal Radius Fractures: Does it Really Change the Treatment Policy? An Orthopedic View.","authors":"Alireza Mobasseri,&nbsp;Padideh Noorifard","doi":"10.15557/jou.2022.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2022.0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Distal radius fractures are the most common pediatric fractures, increasing in number in recent decades. Although simple bi-planar radiographs are sufficient for diagnosis, wrist ultrasonography has been popularized in recent years for fracture detection, mostly because of the concern about children's radiation exposure. Despite its availability and diagnostic accuracy, ultrasound has not gained widespread acceptance and popularity among orthopedic surgeons. We asked about the reasons for its lack of acceptance as a diagnostic tool by orthopedic surgeons, and its failure to be incorporated into diagnostic algorithms.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We reviewed the latest articles concerning the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pediatric distal radius fracture. Data extraction was performed from each study with a focus on the following items: the specialty field of the authors, number of patients, number of fractures, mean age of the patients, and the gold standard method of diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies concerning the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting distal radius fractures in children were included in the review. The most common field of practice of the authors was emergency medicine. Only two studies had an orthopedic surgeon among their authors. All studies employed X-ray imaging as the gold standard method. All studies were designed as prospective trials without randomization of patients. Generally, there was no independent blinded reviewer for the interpretation of ultrasound and X-ray images.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most studies were completed by emergency medicine physicians, without involving an orthopedic surgeon. Ultrasound evaluation was undertaken primarily by emergency medicine physicians with little experience. These studies were not randomized controlled trials, and knowledge of the history and clinical presentation of the subjects could have led to information bias. The relatively low number of included patients and lack of follow-up examinations were other limitations. As a result, we believe that ultrasound has not proven to be a suitable substitute for conventional X-ray imaging in the detection of pediatric distal radius fractures. We propose X-ray evaluation as the clinical gold standard method for pediatric wrist fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":45612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","volume":"22 90","pages":"e179-e182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d9/ac/jou-22-e179.PMC9714287.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10372918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enlarged Cisterna Chyli Diagnosed with Ultrasonography - Case Report.","authors":"Wojciech Łyczek,&nbsp;Bartosz Migda,&nbsp;Michał Kutyłowski","doi":"10.15557/jou.2022.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2022.0032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>We present a case report of enlarged cisterna chyli in a 25-year-old woman. The diagnosis was made during a routine abdominal ultrasound examination and afterwards verified with contrast-enhanced MRI.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>Ultrasound revealed a large, lobulated, anechoic cystic structure with thin, smooth walls, lacking any solid components. The lesion was located in the retroperitoneal space, beneath the head of the pancreas, between the partially compressed inferior vena cava and the aorta, extending almost to the aortic bifurcation. We performed a contrast-enhanced MRI examination which confirmed the sonographic suspicion of enlarged cisterna chyli, showing a non-enhancing cystic lesion in continuity with the thoracic duct.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anatomy, sonographic and magnetic resonance appearance of cisterna chyli as well as differential diagnosis are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":45612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","volume":"22 90","pages":"e196-e199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/13/62/jou-22-e196.PMC9714282.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10741135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of Meta-analyses of Studies Considering Lesion Size Cut-off Thresholds for The Assessment of Eligibility for FNAB and Sonoelastography and Inter- and Intra-observer Agreement in Estimating the Malignant Potential of Focal Lesions of The Thyroid Gland.","authors":"Katarzyna Dobruch-Sobczak,&nbsp;Zbigniew Adamczewski,&nbsp;Marek Dedecjus,&nbsp;Andrzej Lewiński,&nbsp;Bartosz Migda,&nbsp;Marek Ruchała,&nbsp;Anna Skowrońska-Szcześniak,&nbsp;Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska,&nbsp;Klaudia Zajkowska,&nbsp;Agnieszka Żyłka","doi":"10.15557/JoU.2022.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2022.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid cancer is a tumour with a steadily increasing incidence. It accounts for 7% to 15% of focal lesions detected by ultrasound, depending on age, gender and other factors affecting its occurrence. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is an essential method to establish the diagnosis but, in view of its limitations, sonoelastography is seen as a non-invasive technique useful in differentiating the nature of lesions and monitoring them after fine-needle aspiration biopsy. This paper presents a literature review on the role of both sonoelastographic techniques (relative strain sonoelastography, shear wave sonoelastography) to assess the deformability of focal thyroid lesions. Ultrasound examination is a relatively subjective method of thyroid imaging, depending on the skills of the examiner, the experience of the centre, and the quality of equipment used. As a consequence, there are inconsistencies between the results obtained by different examiners (<i>inter-observer variability</i>) and by the same examiner (<i>intra-observer variability</i>). In this paper, the authors present a review of the literature on inter-observer and intra-observer variability in the assessment of individual features of ultrasound imaging of focal lesions in the thyroid. In addition, the authors report on an analysis of cut-off thresholds for the size of lesions constituting the basis for fine-needle aspiration biopsy eligibility assessment. The need to diagnose carcinomas up to 10 mm in diameter is highlighted, however a more liberal approach is recommended in terms of indications for biopsy in lesions associated with a low risk of malignancy, where, based on consultations with patients, active ultrasound surveillance might even be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":45612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","volume":"22 89","pages":"130-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/9f/jou-22-130.PMC9231511.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Core-needle Biopsy of Focal Pancreatic Lesions - Practical Aspectss.","authors":"Agnieszka Zofia Rogowska","doi":"10.15557/JoU.2022.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2022.0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound-guided percutaneous core-needle biopsy is an excellent diagnostic tool for solid pancreatic lesions. It allows for identifying neoplastic pancreatic tumors with nearly 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Unresectable tumor assessment prior to planned palliative treatment is the primary indication for percutaneous pancreatic tumor biopsy. In the case of potential tumors eligible for radical surgery, endosonography-guided biopsy is used, if clinically necessary, to avoid the peritoneal spread of tumor cells during puncture. The possibility of obtaining a specimen for a detailed microscopic assessment during an easily accessible and simple procedure is the main advantage of core-needle biopsy over the low, yet higher when compared to other biopsy techniques, risk of complications. Obtaining tissue samples for molecular analysis is essential for palliative targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer and may become the main indication for the common core-needle biopsy of inoperable pancreatic tumors in the near future. The present paper describes the indications and the technique for core-needle biopsy in pancreatic tumors. Based on the studies published to date, the safety of the procedure, significant complications, including bleeding in particular, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, also compared to other biopsy techniques, have been summarized. The present paper may contribute to the introduction of core-needle biopsy of pancreatic masses into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":45612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","volume":"22 89","pages":"117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/81/ab/jou-22-117.PMC9231516.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided Biopsy of Musculoskeletal Soft-tissue Tumors: Basic Principles, Usefulness and Limitations.","authors":"Violeta Vasilevska Nikodinovska, Slavcho Ivanoski, Slavica Kostadinova-Kunovska, Milan Samardziski","doi":"10.15557/JoU.2022.0018","DOIUrl":"10.15557/JoU.2022.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this article is to provide a short review of the literature concerning the basic principles, usefulness and limitations of ultrasound-guided biopsy of musculoskeletal soft-tissue tumors, with particular focus on core needle biopsies. Musculoskeletal soft-tissue tumors represent a rare and complex group of heterogeneous lesions. Prompt diagnosis of these uncommon lesions can improve the outcome and increase the patient survival rate. A biopsy examination of soft-tissue tumors with imaging modalities is necessary in all cases of aggressive or undetermined lesions. Although fine needle aspiration can be helpful for the biopsy of certain tumor types, core needle biopsy is a standard procedure in most tertiary sarcoma centers. It has a high diagnostic accuracy, low complication rate and lower price in comparison to open biopsy, and can replace it in the majority of cases of soft-tissue tumor assessment. However, the examining physician has to be familiar with the technique, and the strengths and potential difficulties in performing ultrasound-guided biopsy, as well as possible solutions to obstacles. Several recently developed ultrasound techniques can be helpful and improve the outcome of imaging-guided biopsies of musculoskeletal lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","volume":"22 89","pages":"109-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/71/jou-22-109.PMC9231512.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suspicion of Recurrent Osteosarcoma in a Patient with Pseudotumour Adjacent To the Endoprosthesis.","authors":"Marek Duczkowski,&nbsp;Agnieszka Duczkowska,&nbsp;Elżbieta Michalak,&nbsp;Agnieszka Tomasik-Kowalska,&nbsp;Sylwia Szkudlińska-Pawlak,&nbsp;Bartosz Pachuta,&nbsp;Anna Raciborska,&nbsp;Monika Bekiesińska-Figatowska","doi":"10.15557/JoU.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pseudotumor is a rare complication after arthroplasty, most often of the hip joint, in response to metal particles present in the implant. There are merely sporadic reports of pseudotumor in patients with bone sarcoma after sparing surgery with endoprosthesis implant. The aim of this study is to present the characteristic imaging features of pseudotumor.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present a case of a 21-year-old male patient in whom a scheduled follow-up ultrasound revealed a painless lesion suspected of local recurrence at the border of the endoprosthesis and the bone stump 3.5 years after the end of treatment for osteosarcoma of the femur. Histopathology of the biopsy specimen revealed that the lesion was a pseudotumor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although pseudotumor is sporadic in patients treated with endoprosthesis for bone sarcoma, their prolonged survival could bear the risk of such a complication. Imaging studies, in particular ultrasound, may be helpful in differentiating from local recurrence of sarcoma, however, the histopathology of the specimen obtained by open biopsy at a reference center is crucial for the final diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":45612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","volume":"22 89","pages":"140-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7d/2d/jou-22-140.PMC9231517.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40590331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of Meta-analyses of Studies Involving TIRADS Classifications (EU-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS, and K-TIRADS) in Evaluating the Malignant Potential of Focal Lesions of The Thyroid Gland.","authors":"Katarzyna Dobruch-Sobczak,&nbsp;Zbigniew Adamczewski,&nbsp;Marek Dedecjus,&nbsp;Andrzej Lewiński,&nbsp;Bartosz Migda,&nbsp;Marek Ruchała,&nbsp;Anna Skowrońska-Szcześniak,&nbsp;Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska,&nbsp;Klaudia Zajkowska,&nbsp;Agnieszka Żyłka","doi":"10.15557/JoU.2022.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2022.0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous scientific societies around the world have published their TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) classifications that evaluate the risk of malignancy of focal thyroid lesions, presenting different ultrasound features for each category and lesion size thresholds to determine eligibility for biopsy. The use of such risk estimation systems in focal thyroid lesions facilitates the reporting of thyroid ultrasound findings and improves the qualification of focal lesions for fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). In this publication, the three most popular TIRADS classifications, European - EU-TIRADS, Korean - K-TIRADS, and developed by the American Society of Radiology - ACR-TIRADS, are presented and discussed based on a literature review. The results of available head-to-head statistical analyses comparing the classifications are also presented. The advantage of the EU-TIRADS and K-TIRADS systems is that they include only the most important ultrasound features, so their application is not time-consuming, and the scores are easy to incorporate into clinical practice. ACR-TIRADS, unlike other scales, is based on a unique classification system and represents the most comprehensive classification. Each of the five categories of ultrasound features - morphology, echogenicity, shape, margins, microcalcifications - are evaluated and assigned a score from 0 to 3, with a higher score being associated with a higher risk of cancer. Based on the available data, the greatest benefit has been demonstrated for the ACR-TIRADS classification, which also has implications for minimising the number of unnecessary FNABs. However, limitations related to the heterogeneity of the groups analysed in the study, including differences in the populations studied, inclusion criteria, proportions of patients of either sexes, and the number of malignant lesions analysed, should also be taken into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":45612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","volume":"22 89","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/4b/jou-22-121.PMC9231519.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40590332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of ABUS in The Diagnosis of Breast Cancer.","authors":"Elżbieta Łuczyńska,&nbsp;Marta Pawlak,&nbsp;Tadeusz Popiela,&nbsp;Wojciech Rudnicki","doi":"10.15557/JoU.2022.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2022.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer, which is the most common cancer in women, is a major problem both in Poland and worldwide. Mammography remains the primary screening method. However, the sensitivity of mammographic screening is lower in women with dense glandular breasts due to tissue overlap and the effect of the glandular tissue obscuring the tumor and the fact that tumors and glandular tissue show similar X-ray absorption. Consequently, other methods are being sought to increase breast cancer detection rates. Currently, the most common and used methods are ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and advanced mammographic methods (digital breast tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography). Despite many advantages and superiority over mammography in dense breasts, they also have many disadvantages. Ultrasound is operator-dependent and the other techniques are expensive or not widely available. The Automated Breast Ultrasound Service (ABUS) technique appears to be a good option in terms of both effectiveness and lower cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":45612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","volume":"22 89","pages":"76-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/92/60/jou-22-076.PMC9231518.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical Subtypes of The Breast Cancer in The Ultrasound and Clinical Aspect - Literature Review.","authors":"Katarzyna Dobruch-Sobczak,&nbsp;Magdalena Gumowska,&nbsp;Joanna Mączewska,&nbsp;Agnieszka Kolasińska-Ćwikła,&nbsp;Paweł Guzik","doi":"10.15557/JoU.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease both in its clinical and radiological manifestations and response to treatment. This is largely due to the polymorphism of the histological types as well as diversified molecular profiles of individual breast cancer types. Progress in the understanding of the biology of breast cancer was made with the introduction of immunohistochemical research into the common practice. On this basis, four main breast cancer subtypes were distinguished: luminal A, luminal B, HER2 positive (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive), and triple negative cancer. The classification of a tumour to an appropriate subtype allows for the optimisation of treatment (surgery or pre-operative chemotherapy). In this study, the authors present different patterns of breast cancer subtypes in ultrasound examination and differences in their treatment, with particular emphasis on aggressive breast cancer subtypes, such as triple negative or HER2 positive. They can, unlike the luminal subtypes, create diagnostic problems. Based on multifactorial analysis of the ultrasound image, with the assessment of lesion margins, orientation, shape, echogenicity, vascularity, the presence of calcifications or assessment by sonoelastography, it is possible to initially differentiate individual subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","volume":"22 89","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/ee/jou-22-093.PMC9231515.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}