New Solutions-A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy最新文献

{"title":"Book Review","authors":"J. Wooding","doi":"10.1177/10482911231168802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10482911231168802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45586,"journal":{"name":"New Solutions-A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy","volume":"33 1","pages":"85 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42155020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Essential Primer for Recognizing and Preventing the Health Harms of war","authors":"Anlan Cheney Sheer","doi":"10.1177/10482911231161862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10482911231161862","url":null,"abstract":"War and conflict are undoubtedly disastrous for the health of populations, but this focus has only recently come to the fore of the public health mainstream. A small yet growing coterie of academics and health professionals have worked for decades to demonstrate the health harms of war and conflict, and Dr Barry Levy’s book Horror to Hope: Recognizing and Preventing the Health Impacts of War is one of the most comprehensive and approachable syntheses of this burgeoning multidisciplinary field. It is perhaps the only of its kind to argue for prevention as well. The book follows Levy’s decades of contributions as a physician, epidemiologist, public health leader, speaker, professor, and author on the public health impacts of war, terrorism, social injustice, climate change, and environmental and occupational hazards. Levy is currently an Adjunct Professor of Public Health in the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, and he is a past president of the American Public Health Association (APHA). Having been sensitized to the health impacts of armed conflict and genocide while working early in his career among displaced Cambodians in Thailand, he has since worked in many other countries, including China, Jamaica, Kenya, and nations in Central and Eastern Europe. Levy is one of the stalwarts straddling the early era of peace and health professionals and a newer generation bringing this work into sync with intersectional, post-9/11 perspectives. In addition to numerous articles and book chapters on the subject of health and conflict, Levy co-edited War & Public Health, Terrorism & Public Health, and Social Justice & Public Health. These seminal volumes were products of his long-standing professional collaboration with Dr. Victor Sidel, another former president of the APHA and a founding member of Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR), the American affiliate of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) which won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1985 for collaboration between American and Soviet physicians to move their governments away from the brink of nuclear war. Because Levy is intimately acquainted with the work of individuals, entities, and conceptual frameworks engaged in health and peace like PSR, IPPNW, APHA, and the APHA Peace Caucus, Peace Through Health, Medical Peace Work, and more, he makes connections unique to the discussion of the health harms of war regarding the operationalization of the research to practice continuum (discussed in Chapter 15). In addition to use as a resource by practicing professionals and advocates, the book would therefore be an essential addition to the syllabi of a growing number of classes taught in public health and other health professions schools attentive to the health impacts of war and their prevention. Proceeding from a theoretical introduction of three chapters on the public health perspective of war, the nature of war, and discussion","PeriodicalId":45586,"journal":{"name":"New Solutions-A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy","volume":"33 1","pages":"83 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49122241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Disease in New York State: An Update.","authors":"Michael B Lax,&nbsp;Jeanette M Zoeckler","doi":"10.1177/10482911231152896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10482911231152896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An assessment of occupational disease in New York State was undertaken that partially replicated and expanded earlier work from 1987. Utilizing an expanded conception of occupational disease, the assessment used a variety of data sources and methods to provide estimates of mortality and morbidity of occupational disease; workers exposed to specific workplace hazards; disparities in occupational disease among racial/ethnic groups and gender; costs and distribution of costs of occupational disease; and accessible occupational medical resources. Examples of the pathways work may impact health in some of the major health issues of current import including stress-related health conditions; substance use; and overweight/obesity were included. The report contains recommendations for addressing the problem of occupational disease in New York State and advocates for the convening of a statewide group to develop an occupational disease prevention agenda.</p>","PeriodicalId":45586,"journal":{"name":"New Solutions-A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy","volume":"32 4","pages":"304-323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9363173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We Are Just <i>Mazdoors</i>! A Decolonial Ethnographic Account of Health Inequalities, and Inequities Among Tea Garden Laborers in Assam, India.","authors":"Nitish Gogoi,&nbsp;S S Sumesh","doi":"10.1177/10482911231152445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10482911231152445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article investigates the lived experiences of health inequalities and inequities among tea garden laborers in Assam, India. By employing decolonial ethnographic research, this study explored long-standing health inequalities and inequities in the tea industry and workers' illnesses and injuries due to inadequate occupational, environmental, and health care policies. Neither the state nor the management of the tea garden, according to the interviews, has taken the essential actions to safeguard the health and safety of the workers in tea gardens either during the pandemic or at any other time. Instead, hearing <i>gaalis</i> (verbal abuses) from <i>babus</i> (the tea garden managers) is a part of their everyday life. We argue that even after 7 decades of post-colonial rule, tea garden workers are subject to a ghettoized economy characterized by closure and control. Thus, we need to reexamine how the tea industry is structured in order to rectify existing health inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45586,"journal":{"name":"New Solutions-A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy","volume":"32 4","pages":"252-264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9362629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Justice for Tea Workers; COVID-19 Lessons From South Africa.","authors":"Darius D Sivin","doi":"10.1177/10482911231152725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10482911231152725","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45586,"journal":{"name":"New Solutions-A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy","volume":"32 4","pages":"240-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9363170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Battle of Battle Creek: Seeking Superfund Justice.","authors":"Robert Park","doi":"10.1177/10482911221140955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10482911221140955","url":null,"abstract":"An early epidemiologic study on groundwater contamination in the United States took place at an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund site in Battle Creek Michigan. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) consisting of chlorinated 2-carbon solvents were identified in private and municipal wells serving several communities. One major source of VOC was a solvent recovery operation near the municipal well field. The study modeled the VOC plume and investigated mortality and morbidity outcomes thought to be related to the VOC. Although quite statistically significant excess mortality and morbidity (hospital discharge and survey questionnaire) outcomes were observed, there were few associations with VOC water cumulative metrics. Another potentially dominant class of exposures could arise in VOC water contamination episodes from the diverse contents of spent solvents generated in multiple, local manufacturing activities. The findings at Battle Creek are re-interpreted in this light and the implications for Superfund-like investigation strategy and reporting are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45586,"journal":{"name":"New Solutions-A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy","volume":"32 4","pages":"243-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10803812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Government Program Celebrates 25 Years of Commitment to Environmental Justice Movement.","authors":"Sharon Beard,&nbsp;Kenda Freeman,&nbsp;David Richards,&nbsp;Joy Lee Pearson","doi":"10.1177/10482911221150832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10482911221150832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For over 25 years, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Environmental Career Worker Training Program (ECWTP) has advanced principles of environmental justice by funding nonprofit organizations, or grantees, to deliver health, safety, and job training for individuals from disadvantaged communities. This article provides a brief background of the environmental justice movement and examines the efforts of grantees to demonstrate how the ECWTP model can serve as a pathway for advancing environmental justice in disadvantaged and underserved communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45586,"journal":{"name":"New Solutions-A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy","volume":"32 4","pages":"277-287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10191422/pdf/nihms-1882553.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9536949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Mentorship in Union and Non-Union Occupational Safety and Health Training Programs.","authors":"Isabel Cuervo,&nbsp;Ashlee Fitch,&nbsp;Diane Stein,&nbsp;Sherry L Baron","doi":"10.1177/10482911231153676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10482911231153676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few studies have explored mentorship's value in occupational safety and health (OSH) training that focuses on worker empowerment in blue-collar occupations. Through a university and union collaboration, we examined mentorship programs as a promising enhancement to ongoing OSH training to foster worker leadership development in organizations focused on worker empowerment. Union-based worker-trainers from 11 large manufacturing facilities across the United States and worker-trainers affiliated with 11 Latinx Worker Centers in the New York City area were interviewed. Rapid Evaluation and Assessment Methods informed study design. The themes that emerged, reflecting the value of mentorship in OSH training, were: characterizing the elements of mentoring, how mentorship can improve OSH training, and recommended practices for designing a program across two different work settings. We conceptualize the goals of mentorship within a broader social ecological framework, that is, to support OSH learning so workers will advocate for broader safety and health changes with credibility and a feeling of empowerment.</p>","PeriodicalId":45586,"journal":{"name":"New Solutions-A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy","volume":"32 4","pages":"265-276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7e/ea/10.1177_10482911231153676.PMC9941801.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9378043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Social Compact and Innovative Health Sector Collaborations in Addressing COVID-19 in South African Workplaces.","authors":"Mohamed F Jeebhay,&nbsp;Rajen N Naidoo,&nbsp;Saloshni Naidoo,&nbsp;Shahieda Adams,&nbsp;Muzimkhulu Zungu,&nbsp;Spo Kgalomono,&nbsp;Nisha Naicker,&nbsp;Barry Kistnasamy","doi":"10.1177/10482911221150237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10482911221150237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Workplaces are nodes for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 transmission and require strategies to protect workers' health. This article reports on the South African national coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) strategy that sought to ensure workers' health, protect the economic activity, safeguard livelihoods and support health services. Data from the Occupational Health Surveillance System, Surveillance System of Sentinel Hospital Sites, and government databases (public sector health worker and Compensation Fund data) was supplemented by peer-reviewed articles and grey literature. A multipronged, multi-stakeholder response to occupational health and safety (OHS) policy development, risk management, health surveillance, information, and training was adopted, underpinned by scientific input, through collaboration between government, organized labour, employer bodies, academia, and community partners. This resulted in government-promulgated legislation addressing OHS, sectoral guidelines, and work-related COVID-19 worker's compensation. The OHS Workstream of the National Department of Health provided leadership and technical support for COVID-specific workplace guidelines and practices, surveillance, information, and training, as well as a workplace-based vaccination strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45586,"journal":{"name":"New Solutions-A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy","volume":"32 4","pages":"288-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/43/10.1177_10482911221150237.PMC9852971.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10798930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naming the Problem","authors":"Devan Hawkins","doi":"10.1177/10482911221142305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10482911221142305","url":null,"abstract":"The argument is clearly not scientifically sound. We all know that correlation does not mean causation. Even if there is some arbitrary point that can be defined as the “beginning” of capitalism, the question still remains about the extent to which any positive changes in well-being and health can be attributed to capitalism itself. However, the fact remains that life expectancy globally has increased dramatically over the past 200 years. So explaining why these advances have occurred is important both to ensure that these gains continue and so that these improvements can also occur in parts of the world that have not experienced similar growths in life expectancy. Fortunately, Steven Johnson makes a compelling case in Extra life: A short history of living longer for the variety of advances that have resulted in improved life expectancy over the past 200 years. In each chapter, Johnson documents an innovation that he argues contributed to these improvements in life expectancy. Far from suggesting that these advances are due to capitalism, Johnson’s book suggests that it has been capitalism itself that has created some of the most persistent challenges to health. In turn, many of the advances that have helped us live longer required actions of activists, doctors, and public health practitioners to counter these effects. As Johnson describes early in his book, for most of human history, especially since the agricultural revolution, there were no major changes in life expectancy: “millennia pass with almost no meaningful change, followed by a sudden, unprecedented spikes over the past two centuries (p. xxxi).” When these changes did begin to occur, they were not shared equally. While such a sad fact seem obvious to us now, where we have witnessed the most pernicious effects of the COVID-19 along with many other causes of death, like heart disease and cancer, fall disproportionately on the poor and disadvantaged, the reality of inequitable increases in life expectancy was not always apparent. In the 1960s, Johnson describes how researchers using death records from the British Aristocracy found how unequal life expectancy was:","PeriodicalId":45586,"journal":{"name":"New Solutions-A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"324 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48478462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}