JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY最新文献

{"title":"The judgement of God and the fate of a dog: the ninth-century ordeal debate and the anonymous Song of Count Timo","authors":"Amos Bronner","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2023.2291019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2023.2291019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that the judicial ordeal was the subject of a lively debate in the ninth century. Research on the medieval ordeal has mainly focused on opposition to the practice in the twelfth c...","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out of sight, out of mind? The wills of monastic and mendicant bishops in Britain and Ireland, 1350–1535","authors":"David E. Thornton","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2023.2284932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2023.2284932","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the wills of bishops in late medieval Britain and Ireland who were members of religious orders, and attempts to answer two questions: to what extent can these wills be disting...","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noble violence and civic justice: rural lords under trial in the Italian city communes 1276–1322","authors":"Lorenzo Caravaggi","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2023.2281963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2023.2281963","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses three criminal suits brought against nobles from rural districts of two Italian city-communes who were accused of homicide, robbery, and assault – and focuses on their courtroom defences. By the late 1200s, chivalric values and lifestyle were at odds with the political culture promoted by civic governments, while rural lords had lost most of their ancient privileges and independence to the cities. Nonetheless, in courtrooms, nobles often presented themselves as proud members of the chivalric warrior elite. The defendants may have sought to exploit the publicity of criminal trials to negotiate power and prerogatives with civic governments. Their chivalric ‘self-portraits' were adapted to the expectations of civic audiences, and were combined with legalistic arguments and appeals to municipal laws. More generally, this article investigates the reception of judicial institutions and examines the effects of the encounter between different value-systems and ‘languages’ in pre-modern polities.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Law and spiritual sanctions: asserting the stability of <i>pro anima</i> donation charters in late tenth- and eleventh-century central Italy","authors":"Maya Maskarinec","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2023.2278780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2023.2278780","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article examines the citation of legal texts in late tenth- and eleventh-century pro anima donation charters in favour of ecclesiastical institutions in central Italy. It argues that, in general, these texts were cited by notaries to insist on a general principle, derived from Lombard law, of the irrevocability of all donations and testamentary dispositions in favour of ecclesiastical institutions. It then discusses the spiritual sanctions that were likewise used in such charters, arguing that the prevalence of legal citations as well as spiritual sanctions relates to the same general heightened desire to stress the irrevocability of property donations in the face of ongoing tensions regarding ecclesiastical property. Finally, I point to some evidence that notaries, donors (and donees) were increasingly aware of alternatives to an irrevocable pro anima donation charter, namely the Roman law testament.KEYWORDS: Early Middle AgesCentral Italylegal citationspiritual sanctionsmonasteries AcknowledgementsI am grateful to the participants of the workshop, ‘Early Medieval Law in Italian Charters and Manuscripts’ (2021), for their comments and for the feedback of two anonymous reviewers.Notes1 Throughout this article the laws of the Lombard kings are cited with reference to the specific lawgiver in question (Rothari, Grimwald, Liutprand, Ratchis, Aistulf). These laws are edited by Friedrich Bluhme in Friedrich Bluhme and Alfred Boretius, eds., Leges Langobardorum. Monumenta Germania Historica, Leges 4 (Hanover: Hahn, 1868), and an English translation is available in Katherine Fischer Drew, The Lombard Laws (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973). Central to the article is also Chapter 1 of Charlemagne’s Capitulare Italicum of 801 (Capit. 1, 98.1), ed. Alfred Boretius, in Capitularia regum Francorum, vol. 1. Monumenta Germania Historica, Capitularia regum Francorum 1 (Hanover: Hahn, 1883), 205.The following cartularies or later collections of documents are used in this study, referred to in abbreviated form: Casauria: Alessandro Pratesi and Paolo Cherubini, eds., Iohannis Berardi Liber instrumentorum seu Chronicorum monasterii Casauriensis seu Chronicon Casauriense. Fonti per la storia d’Italia medievale, Rerum Italicarum scriptores, 3rd series, 14. 4 vols. (Rome: Nella sede dell’Istituto, Palazzo Borromini, 2017–19); Chieti: Antonio Balducci, ed., Regesto delle pergamene della curia arcivescovile di Chieti (Casalbordino: Nicola de Arcangelis, 1926); Farfa: Ignazio Giorgi and Ugo Balzani, eds., Regesto di Farfa di Gregorio di Catino. Biblioteca della Società romana di storia patria, 5 vols. (Rome: Presso la Società, 1879–92); Fermo: Delio Pacini, ed., Il Codice 1030 dell’archivio diplomatico di Fermo (Milan: Giuffrè, 1963); S. Bartolomeo: Berardo Pio, ed., Alexandri monachi Chronicorum liber monasterii sancti Bartholomei de Carpineto. Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Rerum Italicarum scriptores, 3rd series, 5 (Rom","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barns, granaries and security: crop storage, processing and investment in medieval England","authors":"David A. Hinton","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2023.2253677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2023.2253677","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIncreased storage capacity was an essential part of demesne farming in England, as many surviving barns indicate. Their size facilitated their use also as winter workplaces for threshing grain and pulses. Another use, although undocumented, was probably wool storage. Church estates in particular invested in them, but the later Middle Ages saw many, mostly smaller, barns built by prospering tenant farmers. They therefore had considerable social as well as commercial significance.KEYWORDS: Barnscapacitieslabourexpenditurecommerce AcknowledgementsThe stimulation of attending meetings of the Diet Group has benefited me in many ways, but for this paper I am especially grateful to the editor of this special issue, Christopher Woolgar, for encouragement and references, and to Christopher Dyer who took great trouble to make many useful comments and suggestions.Notes1 M. Gardiner, ‘Vernacular Buildings and the Development of the Later Medieval House Plan in England’, Medieval Archaeology 44 (2000): 159–80 (163–8).2 P.J. Reynolds, ‘Experimental Iron Age Storage Pits: An Interim Statement’, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 40 (1974): 118–31.3 Dryers were widespread in the period: M. Allen and others, The Rural Economy of Roman Britain. New Visions of the Roman Countryside volume 2; Britannia Monograph Series 30 (London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies 30, 2017), 60, 68 and 491; M. Van der Veen, ‘Arable Farming, Horticulture and Food: Expansion, Innovation and Diversity’, in The Oxford Handbook of Roman Archaeology in Britain, eds. M. Millett, L. Revell and A. Moore (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), 807–33 (810). They could be used for drying peas and beans as well as grain.4 The process is described by D. Banham and R. Faith, Anglo-Saxon Farms and Farming (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 61–3.5 M. Van er Veen, ‘All Change on the Land? Wheat and the Roman to Early Medieval Transition in England’, Medieval Archaeology 66 (2022): 304–42 (323–5).6 See below for further details of these processes.7 C. Sparey Green, Excavations at Poundbury, vol. 1: The Settlements. Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society Monograph Series 7 (Dorchester: Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1987), 86–9 and 151. Sparey Green speculated that the dryers served a church; an alternative is that they were for the feasts of a chieftain based in the hillfort overlooking the site.8 H. Hamerow, Rural Settlements and Society in Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), 50.9 H. Hamerow, ‘Anglo-Saxon Timber Buildings and Their Social Context’, in The Oxford Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology, eds. H. Hamerow, D.A. Hinton and S. Crawford (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), 128–55 (150).10 P.A. Rahtz and R. Meeson, An Anglo-Saxon Watermill at Tamworth. Excavations in the Bolebridge Street Area of Tamworth, Staffordshire. Council for British Archaeology Research Reports series 83 (London: Council for British ","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136377163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meanings of food in medieval Britain and Ireland: themes","authors":"C. M. Woolgar","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2023.2268346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2023.2268346","url":null,"abstract":"Food is central to our understanding of the social, economic and cultural history of the medieval past. Its study sits at the nexus of disciplines, of different classes of sources and data, and of different academic approaches, from studies of historical documentation, to the physical remains of food waste, retrieved from archaeological excavation, to the chemical analysis of human bone in isotope studies or organic residues in cooking vessels, and the contributions of anthropology and contemporary food science. Essays in the special issue focus particularly on cereals and food security; and secondly, on questions of food culture.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135665570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brewing difference: malting, gender and urbanity in medieval England. An examination of drying and malting kilns, <i>c</i>.1150–1500","authors":"Ben Jervis","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2023.2253807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2023.2253807","url":null,"abstract":"Kilns used for drying grain and for malting are common features of archaeological excavations in medieval towns and in the countryside. They occur in a variety of situations, including within urban tenement plots, open spaces within the urban landscape, manorial enclosures and field systems. This paper examines what the situation of drying kilns can reveal about the ways in which household and community labour were organised and the role of infrastructure in cultivating and maintaining variegated forms of rural and urban sociality. In doing so, it seeks to contribute to ongoing debates about the legacy of ‘binary’ logics relating to urban and rural life and to the gendered use of space and forms of labour.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136071785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mazers and the drinking culture of late medieval England","authors":"C. M. Woolgar","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2023.2250961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2023.2250961","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mazers, drinking vessels often made of maple, were an important part of the material culture of medieval England from at least the first half of the twelfth century. They were significant for the range of meanings they brought to the consumption of drink. In some elite households, they had prestigious associations; elsewhere across society, they made important connections between families, in terms of inheritance and identity, and helped perpetuate memory and constitute memorial practices; as communal drinking vessels, they brought people together in common causes, in families, in gilds and chantries, even acting as a medium for conveying indulgences. They also marked a social distinction between those parts of society commonly drinking wine, who mainly used silver vessels, and those of lesser status, who more usually drank ale. The largest numbers were found in towns, and in monasteries, where the personal use of silver vessels by monks was discouraged.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48710110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor commons and kings’ propines: food and status in later medieval Aberdeen","authors":"Elizabeth Gemmill","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2023.2253674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2023.2253674","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Assuring the supply of food and drink in the medieval Scottish town, and safeguarding the town’s reputation in relation to this, were at the heart of the burgh government’s duties. Some foods were specially associated with the poor; conversely, provision and consumption of high-status comestibles was at the core of guild ceremonial, civic pageantry and celebration, and hospitality offered to important visitors. There was a recognised ranking of crafts engaged in food and drink production, and those who failed to meet expectations were threatened with loss of equipment or status – although burgh officers risked their own reputation when they failed to carry out the prescribed penalties. Employers were expected to give meals to their servants and townspeople had a mutual responsibility to provide sustenance for those engaged in public service. Status and reputation, individual and collective, and social relationships, depended on the successful provision of food and drink.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48232889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple food with many meanings: bread in late medieval England","authors":"Christopher Dyer","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2023.2250947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2023.2250947","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bread was the most important item of diet in medieval England. Cereals were consumed in boiled form, but bread was preferred. Bread was not just convenient, but was also symbolic of well-being. Although breads were made from other cereals and legumes, wheat bread occupied a prime position, and in particular white wheat bread was regarded highly by consumers. Reasons are given for these attitudes, including the practical advantage that white bread was an efficient source of energy and was cost-effective. The political management of the corn trade and bread baking through such regulations as the assize of bread was intended to prevent unrest, but occasionally consumers organised ‘food riots’.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44999787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}