Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Exercise on Body Composition and Physical Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Scoping Review.","authors":"Amidu Yekini, Jeanne Martin Grace","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S412942","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OARRR.S412942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, an adverse change in body composition, which usually results in muscle wasting and increased fat mass, is high, contributing to increased functional disability. There are indications that resistance and dynamic exercise interventions could improve body composition and functional capacity in RA patients and should be recommended to manage RA.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The scoping literature review aimed to analyze available literature about the effects of exercise on body composition in RA patients. Secondly to identify the contribution of exercise to improve physical function in RA patients, thirdly to identify gaps in the literature about physical exercises and health outcomes in RA patients, and make recommendations for future research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping literature review design was employed following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. A systematic search of three databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus) for studies published from 2012 to 2022 was conducted. The words searched include \"exercise intervention\" AND \"body fat\" OR \"muscle wasting\" OR \"lean body mass\" AND \"functional ability\" OR \"health assessments\". The search strategy was limited to studies published in English on RA patients and exercise interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This search yielded 2693 studies, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. The findings showed significant, positive effects of exercise interventions on RA patients' body composition and functional capacity, with exercise being highly beneficial. It is evident that high-intensity resistance exercise, as a stand-alone intervention, is feasible and safe for managing RA conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Physical exercises, following scientific guidelines, should be included as an integrated approach to managing RA conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b5/2e/oarrr-15-113.PMC10378614.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9907230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: A Review.","authors":"Sharon Cowley,&nbsp;Geraldine McCarthy","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S389664","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OARRR.S389664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD) crystal-related arthropathies are a common cause of acute and chronic arthritis caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints and soft tissues, resulting in inflammation and joint damage. They present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and often present challenges to diagnosis and management as they commonly affect older co-morbid patients. The challenges are compounded by a lack of a well-defined description of CPPD. However, an international expert-driven process is underway to develop CPPD classification criteria. Treatment is also problematic as unlike gout, there are no agents available that decrease the crystal burden. Treatment options have often been extrapolated from gout treatment pathways without having extensive trials or a solid evidence base. It is hoped the new CPPD classification guidelines will contribute to large multicentre studies, with well-defined patient cohorts, which will facilitate the production of high-quality evidence to guide the management of this condition. Here, we discuss the barriers and facilitators in diagnosing and treating CPPD-related arthropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/77/bb/oarrr-15-33.PMC10040153.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9573159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Remission and Sustained Remission in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis from the United Arab Emirates: A Two-Year Prospective Study.","authors":"Jamal Al-Saleh,&nbsp;Ahlam Almarzooqi,&nbsp;Ahmed A Negm","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S408894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S408894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of remission and sustained remission for more than 12 months in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the United Arab Emirates and explore predictors of remission and sustained remission in these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-year prospective study conducted in Dubai Hospital (January 1, 2018-December 31, 2019) included all consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis attending the rheumatology clinic. Patients with a Simplified Disease Activity Index ≤3.3 and/or Clinical Disease Activity Index ≤2.8 in December 2018 were considered in remission and followed until December 2019. Those who maintained remission through 2019 were considered in sustained remission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, a total of 444 patients were followed for a 12-months period. The percentage of remission achieved in RA patients was 30.4% according to the Clinical Disease Activity Index, 31.1% according to Simplified Disease Activity Index, and 50.9% according to the Value of Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) remission criteria. The 12-months sustained remission rates ranged from 38.3% for the ACR-EULAR to 69.3% for the DAS28. Male gender, shorter disease duration, better functioning as evaluated by the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (lower HAQ scores), and higher compliance rates are among sustained remission predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Establishing \"real-world\" data and understanding local predictors to sustained remission is principal for implementing timely and appropriate patient-tailored strategies. These strategies include early detection, close monitoring, and enhancing treatment adherence among UAE patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"51-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/82/3d/oarrr-15-51.PMC10183195.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9485003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Course and Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Patients Treated with Rituximab: A Tertiary Care Center Experience.","authors":"Thamer S Alhowaish,&nbsp;Moustafa S Alhamadh,&nbsp;Alaa Mathkour,&nbsp;Marwan Alamoudi,&nbsp;Hossam Ali Alqahtani,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Alrashid","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S424316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S424316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients receiving rituximab (RTX) may be at increased risk for severe Coronavirus infections and worse outcomes compared with the general population. Because of the conflicting results concerning the effect of RTX on the clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 infection, we aimed to share our experience with 35 patients infected with COVID-19 while treated with RTX for a variety of clinical indications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study that included 35 patients. All patients aged ≥14 years who were treated with RTX for various conditions and were found to have COVID-19 infection were included. Patients with poor outcomes or patients with suspected COVID-19 infection were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients' mean age was 42.8 ± 16.3 years with an average BMI of 29.9 ± 11.4 kg/m². Over half (51.4%, n = 18) of the patients received RTX at a dose of 375 mg/m2 with a median frequency of 4 doses. More than a third (37.1%, n = 13) of the patients had hypogammaglobulinemia and 25.7% had low CD19. Over a third (42.9%, n= 15) of the patients required hospitalization and almost a third (25.7%, n = 9) required treatment in the intensive care unit. There was a statistically significant association between intensive care unit admission and age, steroid use, and low CD19. The mortality rate was 25.7%, and it was significantly higher in elderly, diabetics, corticosteroid users, patients who were hospitalized, treated in the intensive care unit, and had low immunoglobin or CD19.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with RTX seems to be a potential risk factor for unfavorable outcomes in COVID-19 patients. RTX should be used with caution or avoided unless the benefit clearly outweighs the risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"145-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/4c/oarrr-15-145.PMC10473421.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10151867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red Blood Cell Distribution Width: A Potential Inexpensive Marker for Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases; Scoping Review.","authors":"Mushabab Alghamdi","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S424168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S424168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatic diseases encompass a diverse group of autoimmune disorders that affect the joints and connective tissues. The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been widely investigated as an inflammatory marker. This scoping review aimed to explore the potential utility of RDW as an inexpensive marker for disease activity in patients with rheumatic diseases. By summarizing the available evidence, we aimed to determine whether RDW can serve as a reliable and accessible indicator of disease activity in these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was systematically performed across electronic databases, encompassing PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Studies have explored the relationship between RDW and disease activity in rheumatic diseases. Data extraction focused on the study characteristics, methodologies, and findings related to RDW as a disease activity marker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After removing duplicates, the initial search yielded 25 relevant studies. These studies encompassed a variety of rheumatic diseases, with rheumatoid arthritis being the most frequently studied condition. The association between RDW and disease activity was assessed by using various disease activity indices and clinical parameters. While some studies have reported a significant correlation between elevated RDW and disease activity, others have yielded inconclusive results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From this review, we concluded that RDW is an inexpensive potential marker for the evaluation of disease activity in rheumatic diseases. RDW is promising as an inexpensive and readily available marker; however, its clinical utility in assessing disease activity in rheumatic conditions warrants more rigorous investigation through well-designed prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/85/80/oarrr-15-173.PMC10505028.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10309157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Budd-Chiari Syndrome as an Initial Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report with Review of the Literature.","authors":"Gashaw Solela,&nbsp;Merga Daba","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S425535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S425535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare disorder characterized by hepatic outflow obstruction. It can be classified as primary or secondary BCS. Common causes of BCS include myeloproliferative diseases, infections, malignancies, and systemic autoimmune illnesses. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be complicated with BCS. However, only a few case reports have described the uncommon occurrence of BCS as a primary presentation of SLE.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 32-year-old female patient who presented with progressive abdominal distension of four months. On the abdominal CT scan, the left and middle hepatic veins were not visualized; the right hepatic vein and intrahepatic IVC had luminal narrowing; and there was caudate lobe enlargement suggestive of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Six months after the diagnosis of BCS, the patient developed other clinical features suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and was finally diagnosed with SLE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acquired or inherited thrombotic conditions are the most common underlying causes of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common cause of secondary APS and most patients present with Budd-Chiari syndrome as a manifestation of APS after the diagnosis of SLE. In rare cases, such as the current case, Budd-Chiari syndrome can present even before the diagnosis of SLE. Hence, we would like to emphasize that Budd-Chiari syndrome can be an initial presentation of SLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"139-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/06/1b/oarrr-15-139.PMC10440120.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Predictors of an Abnormal Liver Function Test Among 674 Systemic Sclerosis Patients: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Kookwan Sawadpanich,&nbsp;Palinee Promasen,&nbsp;Pisaln Mairiang,&nbsp;Wattana Sukeepaisarnjareon,&nbsp;Apichat Sangchan,&nbsp;Tanita Suttichaimongkol,&nbsp;Kawin Tangvoraphonkchai,&nbsp;Chingching Foocharoen","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S410165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S410165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) can indicate cirrhosis or liver cancer leading to mortality among systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. No recent studies have investigated the clinical predictors of an abnormal LFT in SSc. We aimed to determine the incidence of abnormal LFT (including from hepatitis and cholestasis) and to identify its clinical predictors in SSc patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An historical cohort was conducted on 674 adult SSc patients who attended the Scleroderma Clinic, Khon Kaen University, between January 2012 and November 2019 and who underwent routine screening for LFT. A Cox regression was used to analyze the clinical predictors of abnormal LFT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four hundred and thirty cases, representing 4190 person-years, had abnormal LFTs (viz, from hepatitis, cholestasis, and cholestatic hepatitis) for an incidence rate of 10.2 per 100 person-years. The respective incidence of hepatitis, cholestasis, and cholestatic hepatitis was 20.5, 12.9, and 20.4 per 100 person-years. The respective median first-time detection of hepatitis, cholestasis, and cholestatic hepatitis was 3.0, 5.9, and 2.8 years, and none had signs or symptoms suggestive of liver disease. According to the Cox regression analysis, the predictors of an abnormal LFT in SSc were elderly onset of SSc (hazard ratio (HR) 1.02), alcoholic drinking (HR 1.74), high modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) (HR 1.03), edematous skin (HR 2.94), Raynaud's phenomenon (HR 1.39), hyperCKaemia (HR 1.88), and methotrexate use (HR 1.55). In contrast, current sildenafil treatment (HR 0.63) and high serum albumin (HR 0.70) were protective factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Occult hepatitis, cholestasis, and cholestatic hepatitis can be detected in SSc patients using LFT screening, especially in cases of early disease onset. The long-term outcome is uncertain, and more longitudinal research is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/34/22/oarrr-15-81.PMC10199701.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9874593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Framework to Overcome Challenges in the Management of Infections in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.","authors":"Madhavi Rao,&nbsp;Jamal Mikdashi","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S295036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S295036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections remain one of the leading causes of death in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), despite awareness of factors contributing to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in SLE. Clinicians report challenges and barriers when encountering infection in SLE as certain infections may mimic a lupus flare. There are no evidence-based practice guidelines in the management of fever in SLE, with suboptimal implementations of evidence-based benefits related to infectious disease control and/or prevention strategies in SLE. Vigilance in identifying an opportunistic infection must be stressed when confronted by a diagnostic challenge during a presentation with a febrile illness in SLE. A balanced approach must focus on management of infections in SLE, and reduction in the glucocorticoids dose, given the need to control lupus disease activity to avoid lupus related organ damage and mortality. Clinical judgement and application of biomarkers of lupus flares could reduce false positives and overdiagnosis and improve differentiation of infections from lupus flares. Further precision-based risk and screening measures must identify individuals who would benefit most from low dose immunosuppressive therapy, targeted immune therapy, and vaccination programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"125-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/63/oarrr-15-125.PMC10391536.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9924390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert Opinion Guidance on the Detection of Early Connective Tissue Diseases in Interstitial Lung Disease.","authors":"Rajaie Namas,&nbsp;Mohamed Elarabi,&nbsp;Fouad Fayad,&nbsp;Aqeel A Muhanna Ghanem,&nbsp;Adeeba Al-Herz,&nbsp;Waleed Hafiz,&nbsp;Abhay Joshi,&nbsp;Mira Merashli,&nbsp;Jad Okais,&nbsp;Imad Uthman,&nbsp;Khuloud Saleh Essa,&nbsp;Mohammed A Omair","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S401709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S401709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a significant variation in symptoms and clinical presentation of connective tissue disorders (CTD) associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) (CTD-ILD). This presents difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of CTD-ILD. Early detection and treatment of CTD-ILD using a multidisciplinary approach have been shown to enhance patient outcomes. This exercise aims to explore clinical components to develop a screening tool for pulmonologists for early detection of CTD in ILD and to provide a framework for a multidisciplinary approach in managing CTD-ILD. This in turn will lead to early treatment of CTD-ILD in collaboration with rheumatologists. A panel of 12 leading rheumatologists from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region met virtually to select the most relevant clinical findings to aid in identifying CTD-ILD. Twelve panellists opted to investigate seven of the most common inflammatory autoimmune disorders. The panel discussed how to improve the early detection of CTD-ILD. Clinical characteristics were categorized, and a nine-item questionnaire was created. A biphasic algorithm was developed to guide early referral to a rheumatologist based on the presence of one of nine clinical features of CTD (Phase 1) or the presence of CTD-specific antibodies (Phase 2). A brief questionnaire has been developed to serve as a simple and practical screening tool for CTD-ILD detection. Additional research is needed to validate and evaluate the tool in longitudinal cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/8d/oarrr-15-93.PMC10237281.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9576468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to the Diagnosis of Early Inflammatory Arthritis: A Literature Review.","authors":"Liliana Saraiva,&nbsp;Catia Duarte","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S282622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S282622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The early identification of patients with inflammatory arthritis and their referral to rheumatologists in order to establish a diagnosis and to start treatment plays a crucial role in patient outcomes. However, it is recognized that a large proportion of patients with inflammatory arthritis are diagnosed very late, losing the opportunity to start treatment in the very early stages of disease, resulting in a worse prognosis. This delay depends on several factors related to the patient, the disease, socio-demographic and health system aspects. Over time, several strategies have been developed and implemented at different levels aiming to overcome such barriers and to reduce the time from the onset of the symptoms until the diagnosis and start of adequate treatment. In this non-systematic comprehensive review, we will describe the main barriers in the identification of patients with inflammatory arthritis at different levels. We will also discuss the different strategies that have been implemented with the objective to overcome the recognized barriers and their impact in the reduction of delays.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/7a/oarrr-15-11.PMC9888401.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10636954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}