Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Adverse Impact of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Saudi Arabia Retrospective Multi-Center Study.","authors":"Hanan Al Rayes, Norah AlOudah, Roaa Alsolaimani, Abdulrahman Alharthi, Mohammed Attar, Hassan Daghasi, Abdurahman Albeity, Afnan M Afifi, Abdulelah AlQahtani, Alya Alkaff, Sultan M Alkhamesi, Basant Elnady","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S448186","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OARRR.S448186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to determine the pregnancy outcomes complications in patients with SLE and its association with clinical, laboratory variables, disease activity, and medication use in the Saudi population, as well as pregnancy effect on disease activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter study included pregnant female patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) from three tertiary centers in Saudi Arabia. The demographics, clinical, and laboratory variables, SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), medication before, during, and after pregnancy, planned pregnancy, pregnancy-related outcomes, and complications in comparison to age-matched healthy female controls were noted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 66 pregnant patients with SLE and 93 healthy age-matched pregnant controls were included in the study. A total of 77.3% had SLEDAI-2K ≤ 4 before conception, and 84.85% of pregnancies were planned. Age of conception, cesarean section, miscarriage, and low birth weight were statistically significant (p <0.05) higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls. Among all clinical and laboratory variables, SLEDAI-2K > 4 and active lupus nephritis during pregnancy were statistically associated with adverse outcomes (p <0.05), history of lupus nephritis was not associated with statistically adverse pregnancy outcomes. Higher SLEDAI-2K > 4 was an independent risk at least 4.87 times higher association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. (p <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SLE is intricately connected with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. The preconception of high disease activity stands as a pivotal risk factor for adverse outcomes. Despite the disease remission and meticulous planning, SLE patients frequently grapple with disease exacerbations during pregnancy, culminating in unexpected and unfavorable pregnancy-related outcomes. This underscores the intricate and multifaceted nature of managing SLE during gestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"16 ","pages":"31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10844007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Spondyloarthritis on Pregnancy Outcome: A Descriptive Analysis from a Specialized Center in Qatar.","authors":"Samar Al Emadi, Nawal Nouman Hadwan, Rawan Saleh, Eman Satti, Rajvir Singh","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S449343","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OARRR.S449343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spondyloarthritis (SpA) most commonly presents at childbearing age; thus, pregnancy is of concern. However, data on pregnancy outcomes in these patients are limited.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to retrospectively describe pregnancy outcomes in patients with SpA from the Middle East.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We reviewed the electronic health records of all pregnant women attending a specialized pregnancy and rheumatic disease clinic between 2016 and 2022. All pregnant patients diagnosed with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and peripheral SpA were included. Data on adverse maternal and fetal outcomes were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-seven eligible pregnancies were identified from hospital records: 10 pregnancies ended in early miscarriage. Forty-seven pregnancies resulted in live singleton births, 25 in patients with peripheral SpA and 22 with axSpA. Human leukocyte antigen B27 was positive in 7 (15%) patients and only in women with axSpA. Twenty-nine (64%) patients received treatment throughout pregnancy. Consistent biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) use was high, in eight (32%) patients with peripheral SpA and in nine (41%) with axSpA. A conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (csDMARD) was used as treatment in 11 (50%) patients with peripheral SpA and two (8%) with axSpA. Twenty-two (53%) neonates were delivered by cesarean section, 19 (40%) by normal vaginal delivery and three (6%) by assisted delivery. Additionally, 44 (94%) deliveries were at term, and 42 (91%) neonates had a normal birth weight. Exploration of a subgroup showed no difference in reported outcomes between patients treated with bDMARD and those treated with csDMARD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This descriptive study reports a high rate of favorable pregnancy outcomes in patients with SpA. There was no evidence to suggest a difference in pregnancy outcomes between women with axSpA and those with peripheral SpA. This study was one of the first reports from the Middle East. Further studies with larger sample size are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"16 ","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10812142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of Lung Ultrasound as a Method for Early Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Pedro Santos-Moreno, Maria Fernanda Linares-Contreras, Gabriel-Santiago Rodríguez-Vargas, Pedro Rodríguez-Linares, Abdón Mata-Hurtado, Linda Ibatá, Susan Martínez, Adriana Rojas-Villarraga, Mario Diaz, Esther F Vicente-Rabaneda, Maritza Quintero, Ingrid Möller","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S441720","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OARRR.S441720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the value of lung ultrasound (LUS) compared to high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in the early diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>An observational prospective study was performed. Were included patients with respiratory symptoms or/and, patients with crackles in auscultation during medical consultation. All patients underwent to chest X-rays, LUS, HRCT,and respiratory function tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 192 patients with RA were included. Mean disease duration was 16.8 ± 11.1 years. 72% were positive for rheumatoid factor or anti-citrullinated antibodies. Of the total number of subjects, 54.7% had respiratory symptoms. The other patients did not have respiratory symptoms, but they did have had crackles on pulmonary auscultation. B lines > 11.5 on the ROC curve predicted ILD (AUC 0.63; CI 95%: 0.55-0.71; p < 0.003). A DLCO value of <7.13 significantly predicted the presence of ILD (AUC 0.61; 95% CI: 0.52-0.70; p < 0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study suggest that LUS is a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of ILD in patients with RA, and together with DLCO, can adequately predict the presence of ILD in this population. LUS also helps to determine which patients with respiratory symptoms and signs suggestive for ILD are undergo to HRCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"16 ","pages":"9-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10800103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gout Knowledge: A Survey of Australian Outpatients with Gout.","authors":"Athena Chin, Robert J Adams, Tiffany K Gill, Catherine L Hill","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S435692","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OARRR.S435692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of gout has increased in the Western societies due to ageing and increasing BMI. Recently, lifestyle and dietary factors have been linked in epidemiological studies with an alteration of the risk of gout; however, there remains a lack of data on patient knowledge of these factors. The purpose of this survey-based study was to determine the knowledge of gout and its treatment both in the community and specialist care settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited from a hospital rheumatology outpatient department, consumer organization and a random sample of participants from a population-based cohort who had self-reported gout in South Australia. Participants completed a survey regarding basic demographics, the Single Item Literacy Screener, use of medication and diet for treatment of their gout and knowledge of gout.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four people were recruited (87% male) with a mean age of 66 years (range 35-88). The mean duration of gout was 16.6 years (range 0-60). On screening with SILS, 19.0% were identified as having limited reading ability. Most gout was managed by the family practitioner (81.1%) and/or rheumatologist (18.9%). In regard to current gout medications, 52.7% were taking allopurinol, 17.6% colchicine, 9.5% non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 6.8% prednisolone and 5.4% herbal preparations. For further information regarding gout, participants would most commonly approach their general practitioner (85.1%). Most participants correctly identified certain triggers to gout attacks and almost half of participants (41.9%) reported that they had altered their diet due to gout. Conversely, participants often incorrectly identified common risk or protective factors for gout.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gout remains a common, yet undertreated, chronic condition. Our study highlights a lack of knowledge amongst patients of risk and protective factors in relation to gout. The increasing prevalence of gout within the population indicates a need to improve education and understanding among those with the condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"16 ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10793114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlation of Pain, Psychological Aspects, and Sleep in Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.","authors":"Edwin S Meresh, Sarah Xu, Angelina Palomino, Hewa Artin, Julia Padiyara, Conrad Stasieluk, Abid Khurshid","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S438931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S438931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This pilot study measures pain perception, somatosensory amplification and its relationship to health anxiety in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and patients with FM and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); this study also examines the effects of OSA on pain perception in patients with FM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this pilot study, patients diagnosed with FM or FM and OSA, completed three self-reported questionnaires: Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), and Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ). Sleep study results were analyzed. Scores were summarized using medians and interquartile ranges and are compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall FM (n = 25), female n=23 male n=3 mean age, 57.48 years. OSA n=17 (68%) and 8 (32%) were not. The SF-MPQ Sensory sub-scale scores and the SF-MPQ overall scores differed significantly between patients with and without OSA. The SF-MPQ Sensory sub-scale scores were significantly lower for patients with OSA (p=0.03), as were SF-MPQ overall scores (p=0.04). SSAS overall scores and IBQ overall scores did not differ significantly by OSA diagnosis. Correlations of the different dimensions of IBQ with SSAS and mean number of diagnoses in FM and FM+OSA, mean number of diagnoses in problem list of SSAS ≤30 was 29.5, mean number of diagnoses in SSAS ≥30 was 34.9.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Developing a better understanding of the effects of OSA on pain perception in patients with FM is needed for improved health status. More research is needed to see if higher pain perception and SSAS score lead to increased health care utilization and to evaluate the relationship between untreated disordered sleeping and pain perception in patients with FM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the need for more research to evaluate the relationship between treated and untreated disordered sleeping, pain perception, somatization and illness behavior in the health status of individuals with FM.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"237-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10748695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex Case of Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis with Concurrent Takayasu Arteritis in a 14-Year-Old Girl from Ethiopia.","authors":"Yared Getachew Tadesse, Merga Daba Mulisa, Eden Tesfaye Beyene, Becky Abdissa Adugna","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S438427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S438427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large vessel arteritis that predominantly affects the aorta and its major branches. Its association with tuberculosis (TB) has been described in the literature. This association poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, especially in TB-endemic areas. We report a case of a young Ethiopian female patient who was diagnosed with TA associated with TB. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"231-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10714958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Prevalence of Septic Arthritis in Thailand: A Database from the Ministry of Public Health.","authors":"Thanit Foocharoen, Tippawan Onchan, Patnarin Pongkulkiat, Ajanee Mahakkanukrauh, Siraphop Suwannaroj, Chingching Foocharoen","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S434983","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OARRR.S434983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A better understanding of the epidemiological profile of septic arthritis or pyogenic arthritis in Thais could improve care and provide information for better infectious control. We aimed to determine the incidence and prevalence of septic arthritis in Thailand between 2017 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive epidemiological study was performed using demographic data from patients over 18 years of age having a primary diagnosis of M00 pyogenic arthritis between 2017 and 2020. Data were sourced from the Information and Communication Technology Center, Ministry of Public Health database. The incidence and prevalence of septic arthritis were calculated, and their respective 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of patients with septic arthritis in 2017 was 26,878 from a total Thai population of 65,204,797. The prevalence of septic arthritis in 2017 was 41.2 per 100,000 (95% CI 40.7-41.7). The prevalence of septic arthritis among women was slightly higher than among men (42.2 vs 40.2 per 100,000). The incidence of septic arthritis slightly increased from 2018 to 2019 but was stable in 2020 (22.6, 23.3, and 23.1 per 100,000 person-years, respectively). The incidence was highest in the southern region between 2018 and 2019 but highest in the northeast in 2020. The peak was in the elderly population 60 and older (56.4, 59.5, and 57.3 per 100,000 person-years in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively). The incidence increased with age and the maximum rate was in those ≥ 70 years (70.2 per 100,000 person-years in 2019).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Septic arthritis commonly presents in the elderly and is comparable between men and women. The disease was found mainly in the northeastern and southern regions. The incidence remained stable during the study period.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10638938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Serum Uric Acid Level Associated with Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients","authors":"Dalal Alkhudir, Adeeba Al-Herz, Khulood Saleh, Adel Alawadhi, Waleed Al-Kandari, Eman Hasan, Khaled Mokaddem, Aqeel Ghanem, Youssef Bartella, Mohammed Hussain, Naser AlHadhood, Yaser Ali, Ebrahim Nahar, Ahmad Alenizi, Ali Aldei, Fatemah Abutiban, Sawsan Hayat, Hussain Behbehani, Fatemah Baron, Hebah Alhajeri, Amjad Alkadi, Ahmed Alsaber","doi":"10.2147/oarrr.s418814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/oarrr.s418814","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An association between serum uric acid (UA) and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients has not been well studied. We describe RA patients with high and normal UA and study its association with RA activity. Methods: Adult RA patients from the Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases (KRRD) were studied from February 2012 through March 2022. Patients with documented UA levels were included. UA of > 357 μmol/L (6mg/dL) was considered high. Statistical comparison and correlation were made using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Overall, 1054 patients with documented UA. A total of 158 patients (15%) had high UA level with a mean of 409± 44.4μmol/L. The mean age for the high UA group and low UA group were 59.3 ± 10.7 years and 54.5 ± 12.4 years, respectively ( p < 0.001). 49.4% were female in high UA group, and 62.2% were female in low UA group, respectively ( p < 0.05). Logistic analysis showed an inverse relation between DAS28 and UA, as lower DAS28 score was associated with higher UA level ( p =0.032) OR 1.39. There was a direct relation with HAQ, creatinine and UA. A higher HAQ is associated with a higher UA level ( p =0.019) OR 0.78. High creatinine level is also associated with high UA level ( p < 0.001) OR 0.24. The use of antirheumatic drugs was similar among patients with high and normal UA. Conclusion: RA patients with a higher UA had a lower disease activity despite using similar antirheumatic drugs. The reasons behind this association need to be further studied. Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, uric acid, disease activity, DAS28, registry, KRRD, Kuwait, Middle East","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"6 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosimilars for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Riding the 2023 Wave [Podcast].","authors":"Stanley B Cohen,&nbsp;Mariah Z Leach","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S443235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S443235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article discusses some of the queries and concerns that patients may have about initiating or switching to treatment with a biosimilar for rheumatoid arthritis following the US 2023 release of several biosimilars of the adalimumab reference product, also known by the brand name, Humira. The article also covers the difference between a generic medicine and a biosimilar, and the clinical evidence to support the safety and efficacy of adalimumab biosimilars in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"207-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10625413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Validated Clinical and Patient Reported Disease Outcome Measures in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.","authors":"Erin Balay-Dustrude,&nbsp;Susan Shenoi","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S261773","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OARRR.S261773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common chronic illness in childhood and comprises seven categories based on the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria. Accurate assessment and measurement of the clinical, functional, and quality of life outcomes of patients with JIA are paramount for understanding the disease course and formulating effective treatment strategies. Interest in the development and use of outcome measurements specifically focused on rheumatologic conditions has greatly expanded over the last two decades, adding to and improving upon the established disease measures. Furthermore, many of these measures have been validated using the widely accepted Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) core principles of instrument validation, allowing researchers and clinicians to gain confidence in these tools. This review summarizes the current validated disease outcome measures in JIA, including clinical, imaging, patient-reported, and functional outcome measurement tools, and highlights ongoing work that continues to refine and improve upon the available tools. The clinical disease outcome measures discussed in this review include physician global assessment (PhGA), American College of Rheumatology (ACR, Wallace) criteria for clinical inactive disease and clinical remission, juvenile arthritis disease activity scores (JADAS), juvenile spondyloarthritis disease activity index (JSPaDA), juvenile arthritis damage index (JADAI), and the ACR pediatric response scores. The imaging outcome measures discussed include the Dijkstra composite scores, childhood arthritis radiographic score of the hip (CARSH), and Poznanski Score. The patient-reported disease outcome measures discussed include patient global assessment (PtGA), patient-reported outcome measurement information system for JIA (PROMIS), juvenile arthritis parent/child centered disease assessment index (JAPAI, JACAI), juvenile arthritis multidimensional assessment report (JAMAR), and the Pediatric quality of life inventory rheumatology module (PedsQL). The functional outcome tools discussed include the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), juvenile arthritis functionality scale and index (JAFS and JASI), and Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Report and Scale (JAFAS and JAFAR).</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"15 ","pages":"189-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/01/oarrr-15-189.PMC10574249.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}