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Reform of economic education or reform of economic knowledge? 经济教育改革还是经济知识改革？
IF 0.7
Voprosy Ekonomiki Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-127-139
V. Tambovtsev
{"title":"Reform of economic education or reform of economic knowledge?","authors":"V. Tambovtsev","doi":"10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-127-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-127-139","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is drawn to the lack of counsel in the discussion of such a phenomenon as the possible presence among students of beliefs consistent with folk economics, which may hinder the acceptance of the provisions and principles of economic science. It is shown that when discussing the possibilities of wider inclusion in teaching of the provisions of heterodox economic theories, it makes sense to take into account the peculiarities of the definition of their subject matters. These peculiarities lead to the inclusion in the search for scientific solutions of “wicked problems”, which by definition do not have a scientific solution. The structure of the introductory course is proposed, that makes it possible to characterize the features of the real economy, the absence of which in standard introductory courses is pointed out by many researchers both in the domestic and world economic literature.","PeriodicalId":45534,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Ekonomiki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What comes first: Certainty of goals or scarcity of means? 什么是第一位的？目标的确定性还是手段的稀缺性？
IF 0.7
Voprosy Ekonomiki Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-140-158
L. S. Grebnev
{"title":"What comes first: Certainty of goals or scarcity of means?","authors":"L. S. Grebnev","doi":"10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-140-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-140-158","url":null,"abstract":"The article continues the discussion of the topic of improving higher education, which started on the pages of the journal „Voprosy Ekonomiki“ at the end of 2023. Special attention is paid to the content of the introductory course, which should comprehensively present basic concepts reflecting the realities of business: decision-making in conditions of scarce resources and uncertainty; opportunity costs; input and output/outcomes in real time; interests; the world economy. The importance of understanding the differences between „island“ and „continental“ thinking techniques, which are used by representatives of different scientific schools, as well as in business practice, is noted. According to the author, the developers of introductory textbooks on economics should also take into account the ideological aspect of the material proposed for study, and thereby contribute to eliminating the criticism that existing textbooks are subject to from a number of reputable orthodox scientists. It is also proposed to pay much more attention to the concept of „uncertainty“ at the introductory level.","PeriodicalId":45534,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Ekonomiki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The world in the maze of sanctions: Ambiguity of empirical evidence 制裁迷宫中的世界：经验证据的模糊性
IF 0.7
Voprosy Ekonomiki Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-5-27
A. Fedyunina, Y. Simachev
{"title":"The world in the maze of sanctions: Ambiguity of empirical evidence","authors":"A. Fedyunina, Y. Simachev","doi":"10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-5-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-5-27","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines various effects of sanction restrictions on target countries. To achieve this, the results of over 50 academic studies from the past decade regarding the impact of sanctions on different countries are analyzed and structured. This analysis is based on the study of sanction episodes predominantly from the 1980s to 2015. It is noted that sanctions have been extensively employed in the past decade, attributed to the intensification of international competition and increased conflict in global development. It is shown that the effects of sanctions exhibit strong ambiguity, temporal variability, and multidirectionality. Both negative and certain stimulating changes in sanction effects are identified and systematized in the contexts of international trade and foreign direct investment. It is demonstrated that sanctions sometimes act as triggers for structural changes in sub-sanctioned economies, altering their integration into global production. The increasing involvement of various countries in sanction confrontations significantly alters the conditions for national economic policies, oriented towards structural changes and long-term perspectives, primarily for industrial policies. For many countries, the task of formulating industrial policy in line with the logic of restructuring global value chains and their participation becomes relevant. This task is characteristic not only for countries targeted by sanctions but also for sanction-sending countries, for which the reverse sanction effects are even less predictable.","PeriodicalId":45534,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Ekonomiki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lower VAT rate in Russia: Abrogate or apply 降低俄罗斯的增值税率：废除还是适用
IF 0.7
Voprosy Ekonomiki Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-50-67
E. A. Leonov, S. G. Belev
{"title":"Lower VAT rate in Russia: Abrogate or apply","authors":"E. A. Leonov, S. G. Belev","doi":"10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-50-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-50-67","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to a multilateral analysis of the VAT in Russia in the context of the problem of inequality based on RLMS and Rosstat data. The obtained estimates of elasticities of the VAT burden on the income, as well as the Kakwani and Musgrave indexes, show that the nature of VAT in Russia is generally more favorable than in OECD countries. In relation to income VAT is slightly regressive, but in relation to expenditures VAT cannot be recognized as regressive. The counterfactual analysis has shown that the lower 10% rate is a socially important element of the VAT and plays a noticeable leveling role. For the first time, microdata for Russia are used to assess the consequences of replacing the lower VAT rate with a direct targeted subsidy in the form of an additional child allowance. The results show that such a reform doesn’t solve the problem of inequality, since the poorest households get their little benefit not from the wealthiest, but rather from poor households of the 2nd—4th deciles.","PeriodicalId":45534,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Ekonomiki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reform of capital adequacy regulation in the world Islamic banking market 世界伊斯兰银行市场资本充足率监管改革
IF 0.7
Voprosy Ekonomiki Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-89-110
H. I. Penikas, V. Stefanenko
{"title":"Reform of capital adequacy regulation in the world Islamic banking market","authors":"H. I. Penikas, V. Stefanenko","doi":"10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-89-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-89-110","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, one of the main standards for regulating Islamic banks in the world celebrated its 10th anniversary. It is difficult to find works in the academic literature discussing the reaction from the said regulation. We fill this gap and answer the research question of how the market responded to the introduction of the standard in the world. Having essentially the data of a quasi-experiment, we divide the sample into conventional (control group) and Islamic (pilot group) banks and estimate the effect of the intervention using the difference-in-differences method. Islamic banks have been known in the world practice as banks with a larger capital reserve than conventional ones. Interestingly, despite this fact, according to the results of the study, investors reacted positively to the additional capital correction.","PeriodicalId":45534,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Ekonomiki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How does bank lending affect small and medium-sized businesses? 银行贷款对中小企业有何影响？
IF 0.7
Voprosy Ekonomiki Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-68-88
A. Mishura
{"title":"How does bank lending affect small and medium-sized businesses?","authors":"A. Mishura","doi":"10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-68-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-68-88","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the influence of bank lending on the dynamics of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the regions of Russia in 2012—2023. Was the dynamics of bank loans to SMEs an essential factor of development and employment of the sector? This is an important issue, since expanding the availability of lending is often considered as a key method for supporting SMEs and diversification of the economy. We use data of the Federal State Statistics Service on the turnover and the number of employees in small, medium and micro enterprises in Russian regions, on the one hand, and the data of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the bank lending to SMEs, on the other. We estimate how changes in SMEs lending amounts affect SMEs turnover and employment using the Alellano—Bond dynamic panel regression approach. It has been found that lending dynamics was a significant factor in changes of the turnover in the SMEs sector, and, to a lesser extent, employment in small enterprises. However, a significant increase in lending is required to significantly increase the size of the sector and its share in the country’s economy and employment.","PeriodicalId":45534,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Ekonomiki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Talents and their professors: What and how to teach? 人才及其教授：教什么和怎么教？
IF 0.7
Voprosy Ekonomiki Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-111-126
L. Grigoryev
{"title":"Talents and their professors: What and how to teach?","authors":"L. Grigoryev","doi":"10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-111-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-111-126","url":null,"abstract":"The discussion of the problems of economic education in Voprosy Ekonomiki is encompassing a large variety of problems. The world economy goes through dramatic changes that implies the necessity for checking up stylized facts and the capacity of existing theorems. Unresolved national problems give a stimulus for returning to industrial policy methods. Global problems require the concentration of resources and better coordination of their utilization. The participants of the discussion on the issues of economic education give us the deep insight into the current state of affairs in this field. They suggest competing programs of its improvement, which would need substantial efforts. The distinct difference between researchers and administrators will be important for determining the direction of spending and criteria of success in research and teaching activities.","PeriodicalId":45534,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Ekonomiki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The theory of cultural evolution by F. A. Hayek and evolutionary psychology (Part two) 哈耶克的文化进化论与进化心理学（第二部分）
IF 0.7
Voprosy Ekonomiki Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2024-7-25-52
R. I. Kapeliushnikov
{"title":"The theory of cultural evolution by F. A. Hayek and evolutionary psychology (Part two)","authors":"R. I. Kapeliushnikov","doi":"10.32609/0042-8736-2024-7-25-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-7-25-52","url":null,"abstract":"The paper highlights the theory of cultural evolution by F. A. Hayek, which in retrospect appears as a complex and deep system, in many respects anticipating the ideas of modern evolutionary psychology. The second part dicusses its key element — the idea of group selection, which Hayek used to explain why, in the long-run evolutionary perspective, more efficient social orders capable of providing a higher living standard and supporting a larger population are more likely to survive. This became grounds for his accusations of shifting onto the position of methodological holism. However, under closer examination group selection and methodological individualism turn out to be quite compatible, appearing in Hayek’s understanding as two aspects of a unite explanatory scheme.","PeriodicalId":45534,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Ekonomiki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expansion of vacant jobs in the Russian labor market: Dynamics, composition, triggers 俄罗斯劳动力市场空缺职位的扩大：动态、构成、触发因素
IF 0.7
Voprosy Ekonomiki Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2024-7-81-111
R. I. Kapeliushnikov
{"title":"Expansion of vacant jobs in the Russian labor market: Dynamics, composition, triggers","authors":"R. I. Kapeliushnikov","doi":"10.32609/0042-8736-2024-7-81-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-7-81-111","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explors the key development in the Russian labor market of the 2020s — emergence of a massive overhang of vacant jobs. It discusses theoretical aspects of the problem of labor “shortage”, examines probabale triggers for the vacancy spurt, and analyzes its dynamics and composition. The starting point of this spurt had a precise time reference — the peak of the coronavirus pandemic, as evidenced by a sharp upward shift in the Beveridge curve in the second quarter of 2020. New exogeneous processes started in 2022 (such as mobilization and “relocation”) gave it even greater scale. The vacancy overhang is universal: there is no industry or occupation where it did not grow. These shifts marked the transition of the Russian labor market to a new operational regime.","PeriodicalId":45534,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Ekonomiki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ethical consumption: Theoretical concepts and a contribution to the debate 道德消费：理论概念和对辩论的贡献
IF 0.7
Voprosy Ekonomiki Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2024-7-53-80
M. A. Shabanova
{"title":"Ethical consumption: Theoretical concepts and a contribution to the debate","authors":"M. A. Shabanova","doi":"10.32609/0042-8736-2024-7-53-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-7-53-80","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on ethical consumption, which is one of the most debatable types of the “non-standard” consumption. Despite its growth in recent decades, the diverse criticism of the phenomenon has continued: ranging from the statements that this phenomenon cannot be significant or effective to categorical statements regarding its mythical essence or verbal existence. The article shows that this criticism is due to a lack of clarity in the theoretical concepts of the phenomenon. Based on the accumulated scientific knowledge, including the results of both foreign and a series of representative studies in Russia, the article substantiates the basics of ethical consumption and the resulting prospects for its conceptualization. It is concluded that a complex, interdisciplinary, and multilevel understanding of the nature and the specifics of the phenomenon formation allows eliminating most of the criticism and validating effective partnership models between key actors as well as minimizing the risks of applying the growing consumption demand by the destructive forces.","PeriodicalId":45534,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Ekonomiki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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