Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica最新文献

{"title":"Ovule structure of Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium L. (Cynareae, Asteraceae).","authors":"J. Kolczyk, P. Stolarczyk, B. Płachno","doi":"10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":"58 1","pages":"19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67073484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of highly efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation for Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni explants","authors":"Ż. Michalec-Warzecha, L. Pistelli, F. D’Angiolillo, M. Libik-Konieczny","doi":"10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Leaves and internodes from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plants growing in different conditions were used for transformation with two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes: ATCC 15384 and LBA 9402. Hairy roots formation was observed and the percentage of the transformed explants depended on the type of explant, time of inoculation and inoculum concentration. Inoculation of explants from ex vitro and in vitro plants with LBA 9402 strain led to higher efficiency of transformation than inoculation with ATCC 15384 strain. Growth rate of hairy roots in liquid culture was assessed under light and dark conditions. It was found that the growth of hairy roots decreased significantly under light conditions. Transformation of hairy roots growing in different culture conditions was confirmed at the molecular level using PCR method with primers constructed against rolB and rolC genes from A. rhizogenes.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":"58 1","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67073192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy Level of Apple Cultivars Including Polish ones in Relation to Some Morphological Traits","authors":"M. Podwyszyńska, D. Kruczyńska, A. Machlańska, B. Dyki, I. Sowik","doi":"10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Apple species and cultivars differ in nuclear (2C) DNA content and ploidy level. The majority of these genotypes are diploids, but there are some triploids and a few tetraploids. Nuclear DNA content is a specific feature and its flow cytometric evaluation can be helpful in differentiating taxa. For many apple genotypes – including all the Polish ones, these characteristics are not known. 2C DNA was evaluated in relation to leaf, flower, fruit, pollen grain and stomata sizes as well as to the flowering time for seventy genotypes (including 46 Polish cultivars) gathered in the gene bank of the Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland. For standard cultivars with the known chromosome number, 2C value was 1.71 pg for diploid cultivar ‘Alwa’ (2n=2x=34), 2.55 pg for triploid ‘Boskoop’ (3x=51), and 3.37 pg for tetraploid genome (4x=68) of mixoploid ‘McIntosh 2x+4x’. In 61 cultivars (including 41 Polish ones), the nuclear DNA content ranged from 1.58 to 1.78 pg indicating their diploid chromosome number. Five cultivars were identified as triploids (‘Bursztówka Polska’, ‘Pagacz’, ‘Rapa Zielona’, ‘Rarytas Śląski’ and ‘Witos’) owing to their nuclear DNA amount ranging between 2.42 and 2.58 pg. Leaf, flower, fruit, stomata and pollen grain sizes were on average significantly larger in triploids. Thus, in 3x plants the mean leaf surface was 49.1 cm2, flower diameter – 52.4 mm, fruit weight – 204.7 g, stomata length – 32.1 μm and pollen grain diameter – 33.7 μm, whereas in diploids – 36.0 cm2, 46.1 mm, 162.7 g, 28.4 μm and 30.7 μm, respectively. Pollen grain viability was on average significantly higher in diploids (75.6%), compared to triploids (22%). These results confirm that in apple, as in many other plant species, the higher ploidy level of triploids is generally associated with increased sizes of pollen grains, stomata, flowers, fruits and leaves but decreased pollen viability. No clear correlation between ploidy level and flowering time was found. In the case of mixoploid apple genotypes possessing diploid and tetraploid genomes, some phenotype observation is helpful in describing the ploidy level of the histogenic layers, L1 and L2. Small stomata sizes (similar to diploid) indicate diploid L1 and larger leaf sizes, compared to diploid counterparts, show tetraploid L2. The results will be used for breeding, in which it is important to determine maternal and paternal genotypes as well as the direction of the crossing that is of great importance in obtaining seeds and materials for further selection.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":"58 1","pages":"81-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67073874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Genetic Structure within Populations of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz: Comparative Analysis of the Self-incompatibility Locus and Nuclear Microsatellites","authors":"Sandra Jankowska-Wróblewska, J. Warmbier, J. Burczyk","doi":"10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution of genetic diversity among and within plant populations may depend on the mating system and the mechanisms underlying the efficiency of pollen and seed dispersal. In self-incompatible species, negative frequen-cy-dependent selection acting on the self-incompatibility locus is expected to decrease intensity of spatial genetic structure (SGS) and to reduce population differentiation. We investigated two populations (peripheral and more central) of wild service tree ( Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz), a self-incompatible, scattered tree species to test the differences in population differentiation and spatial genetic structure assessed at the self-incompatibility locus and neutral nuclear microsatellites. Although, both populations exhibited similar levels of genetic diversity regardless of the marker type, significant differentiation was noticed. Differences between F ST and R ST suggested that in the case of microsatellites both mutations and drift were responsible for the observed differentiation level, but in the case of the S-RNase locus drift played a major role. Microsatellites indicated a similar and significant level of spatial genetic structure in both populations; however, at the S-RNase locus significant spatial genetic structure was found only in the fragmented population located at the north-eastern species range limits. Differences in SGS between the populations detected at the self-incompatibility locus were attributed mainly to the differences in fragmentation and population history. and 12 nuclear microsatellite loci. We analyzed two populations located at the northern edge of the species geographic distribution, which exhibited differences in size, area covered, population history and the degree of fragmentation. We compared our empirical results with theoretical predictions for loci under negative frequency dependent selection and neutral loci, discussing how ecological and genetic factors can influence spatial genetic structure in self-incompatible species.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":"58 1","pages":"7-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67073722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-treatment of fulvic acid plays a stimulant role in protection of soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves against heat and salt stress","authors":"B. Dinler, Esra Gunduzer, T. Tekinay","doi":"10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0002","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to illuminate the effects of fulvic acid in plants’ stress signaling pathway. 2.0 mg/l fulvic acid was sprayed on soybean leaves for 3 days at 12 h intervals, followed by treatment of 150 mM NaCl or exposed to heat stress at 35°C for 2 h over 2 days. Pre-treatment with fulvic acid increased the relative water content (RWC), antioxidant enzyme, isoenzyme activities (SOD, APX, GST), as well as alleviated the stress-induced oxidative damage by decreasing the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, the application of fulvic acid under salt stress induced rubisco expression only at 12 h, while it induced the expression of cytochrome c oxidase at 6 h and 12 h. On the other hand, fulvic acid under heat stress induced significant expression of both rubisco and cytochrome c oxidase at 6 h and 12 h. However, under high salinity conditions, fulvic acid suppressed the transcript levels of Hsp70, while it induced increases in Hsp70 levels under heat treatment at 6 h. As a result, in this study, fulvic acid played the role of a regulator and stimulant in stress response of soybean leaves.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":"58 1","pages":"29-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67073531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micropropagation of Eryngium campestre L. via shoot culture provides valuable uniform plant material with enhanced content of phenolic acids and antimicrobial activity","authors":"M. Kikowska, B. Thiem, E. Śliwińska, M. Rewers, M. Kowalczyk, A. Stochmal, J. Długaszewska","doi":"10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":"58 1","pages":"43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/ABCSB-2016-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67073985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pattern of Lignin Deposition in The Cell Walls of Internodes During Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Development","authors":"L. Begović, J. Ravlić, H. Lepeduš, D. Leljak-Levanić, V. Cesar","doi":"10.1515/ABCSB-2015-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ABCSB-2015-0017","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to elucidate relationship between anatomical changes and lignin deposition dynamics in the cell wall of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) internodes during four growth stages: heading, flowering, grain filling and ripening. Microscopy was used to analyze anatomical changes related to lignin deposition whereas peroxidase activity was spectrophotometrically determined. In transversal sections lignin was found to be predominant in the sclerenchyma ring in cortex, where particularly lignified cell walls were found. Peroxidase activity was increased in older internodes and their localization in situ was in positive correlation with tissue lignification. Our results showed that, depending on the cultivar, at the flowering and grain filling stages intensive lignin synthesis and deposition occurred. This showed that deposition of lignin in the cell wall at a particular growth stage is in correlation with the lodging resistant phenotype of the investigated cultivars. The results contribute to the understanding of the lignin deposition process during barley development and consequential cell wall thickness.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":"57 1","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/ABCSB-2015-0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67072904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis of PDV movement protein compared to Bromoviridae members as justification of possible intercellular movement","authors":"E. Kozieł, K. Otulak, G. Garbaczewska","doi":"10.1515/ABCSB-2015-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ABCSB-2015-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Prune dwarf virus (PDV) is a member of the Ilarvirus genus which is widely spread all over the world and causes considerable economic losses in nurseries and orchards. The virus is transmitted via seeds and pollen and through vegetative reproduction. However, the mechanisms of cell-to-cell and systemic transport of the virus are still not known. For the first time this study presents phylogenetic characterization of the movement protein (MP) of PDV isolates from the GenBank database in the context of geographic origin. The prepared analyses were based on a comparison of the whole amino acid sequence of the MP-PDV, the RNA-binding domain (RBD) in MP of PDV and MPs of four viruses from the Bromoviridae family with known transport mechanisms. Two different bioinformatic programs ClustalW and Jalview were used, and MP sequence variability up to 8% at the amino acid level among PDV isolates was confirmed. In the constructed phylogenetic trees the isolate sequences clustered in three conserved groups. Further analyses revealed similarity of the MP amino acid sequence of PDV and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) of up to 34% and a 40% similarity of RBD between these viruses which suggested that the PDV transport mechanism may be on some level the same as that for AMV.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":"57 1","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67072616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, Cytological and Embryological Characterization of F1 A. cepa × A. roylei Hybrids","authors":"A. Chuda, K. Kłosowska, A. Adamus","doi":"10.1515/ABCSB-2015-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ABCSB-2015-0025","url":null,"abstract":"In the previous study we obtained a population of interspecific F1 A. cepa × A. roylei hybrids. In this study, in comparison to the parental species: A. cepa and A. roylei, the F1 hybrids were evaluated in terms of plant morphology, pollen viability, microsporogenesis and female gametophyte. Most of the morphological characters of the F1 hybrids were intermediate as compared to those of both parental accessions. In pollen mother cells (PMCs) of the F1 hybrids abnormalities were observed in meiosis as well as at the tetrad stage. Pollen viability of F1 A. cepa × A. roylei hybrids was reduced to 30.1%. In the F1 hybrids, 45.8% of the analyzed ovules showed developmental disturbances, whereas in 26.7% of the ovules necrotic processes were observed.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":"57 1","pages":"98-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67073377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjustments to In Vitro Culture Conditions and Associated Anomalies in Plants","authors":"T. Isah","doi":"10.1515/ABCSB-2015-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ABCSB-2015-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Plant tissue culture techniques have become an integral part of progress in plant science research due to the opportunity offered for close study of detailed plant development with applications in food production through crop improvement, secondary metabolites production and conservation of species. Because the techniques involve growing plants under controlled conditions different from their natural outdoor environment, the plants need adjustments in physiology, anatomy and metabolism for successful in vitro propagation. Therefore, the protocol has to be optimized for a given species or genotype due to the variability in physiological and growth requirement. Developing the protocol is hampered by several physiological and developmental aberrations in the anatomy and physiology of the plantlets, attributed to in vitro culture conditions of high humidity, low light levels and heteroor mixotrophic conditions. Some of the culture-induced anomalies become genetic, and the phenotype is inherited by clonal progenies while others are temporary and can be corrected at a later stage of protocol development through changes in anatomy, physiology and metabolism. The success of protocols relies on the transfer of plantlets to field conditions which has been achieved with many species through stages of acclimatization, while with others it remains a challenging task. This review discusses various adjustments in nutrition, physiology and anatomy of micro-propagated plants and field grown ones, as well as anomalies induced by the in vitro culture conditions.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":"12 1","pages":"9-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/ABCSB-2015-0026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67073431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}