International Review of Social Psychology最新文献_第8页

Cognitive Dissonance: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going 认知失调：我们去过哪里，要去哪里

IF 2.5 4区心理学

International Review of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2019-05-03 DOI: 10.5334/IRSP.277

J. Cooper

{"title":"Cognitive Dissonance: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going","authors":"J. Cooper","doi":"10.5334/IRSP.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/IRSP.277","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive dissonance has been one of the most enduring and successful theories in the history of social psychology. This paper examines the origins of the theory and the controversies it engendered. I then examine the evolution of dissonance as it emerged from a theory focused solely on the inconsistency among cognitions to a more complex set of principles that accommodated the voluminous data that had been gathered throughout the ensuing decades. The paper considers what I refer to as the “Roadway to Dissonance” – an analysis of the process that leads from the perception of cognitions in the social environment to the unpleasant arousal state of dissonance and, further, how engaging in attitude, perceptual or behavioral change regulates that arousal. I then consider the transition of dissonance research from its focus on the individual to one that envisions the individual in the context of a social group. The social group perspective enables us to consider how people feel dissonance vicariously on behalf of their fellow group member. I conclude with an appeal for a two-pronged approach to dissonance in the coming decades in which we continue to make progress in the laboratory while simultaneously translating dissonance to help alleviate problems that are important in peoples lives.","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41709520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

How to Classify, Detect, and Manage Univariate and Multivariate Outliers, With Emphasis on Pre-Registration 如何分类、检测和管理单变量和多变量异常值，重点是预注册

IF 2.5 4区心理学

International Review of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.5334/IRSP.289

C. Leys, Marie Delacre, Youri L. Mora, D. Lakens, Christophe Ley

{"title":"How to Classify, Detect, and Manage Univariate and Multivariate Outliers, With Emphasis on Pre-Registration","authors":"C. Leys, Marie Delacre, Youri L. Mora, D. Lakens, Christophe Ley","doi":"10.5334/IRSP.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/IRSP.289","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers often lack knowledge about how to deal with outliers when analyzing their data. Even more frequently, researchers do not pre-specify how they plan to manage outliers. In this paper we aim to improve research practices by outlining what you need to know about outliers. We start by providing a functional definition of outliers. We then lay down an appropriate nomenclature/classification of outliers. This nomenclature is used to understand what kinds of outliers can be encountered and serves as a guideline to make appropriate decisions regarding the conservation, deletion, or recoding of outliers. These decisions might impact the validity of statistical inferences as well as the reproducibility of our experiments. To be able to make informed decisions about outliers you first need proper detection tools. We remind readers why the most common outlier detection methods are problematic and recommend the use of the median absolute deviation to detect univariate outliers, and of the Mahalanobis-MCD distance to detect multivariate outliers. An R package was created that can be used to easily perform these detection tests. Finally, we promote the use of pre-registration to avoid flexibility in data analysis when handling outliers.","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43461390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 133

Size Versus Intensity of Majority and Minority Consensus to a Persuasive Message: From the Source of Influence to Its Recipients 多数人与少数人对说服性信息的共识的大小与强度:从影响力的来源到接受者

IF 2.5 4区心理学

International Review of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2019-04-18 DOI: 10.5334/IRSP.40

Stamos Papastamou, G. Prodromitis

{"title":"Size Versus Intensity of Majority and Minority Consensus to a Persuasive Message: From the Source of Influence to Its Recipients","authors":"Stamos Papastamou, G. Prodromitis","doi":"10.5334/IRSP.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/IRSP.40","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of the evaluation of the majority or minority consensus attributed to a message on the influence the latter can exert, in a between subjects factorial design 2 (consensus status: majority vs minority) × 3 (orientation of the consensus evaluation: non-evaluation, size evaluation, intensity evaluation). Its innovative aspect consists in its explicit focus on participants’ evaluation of the intensity and size of the support allegedly attributed to the message of the source. The main results show that with regard to direct influence: a) in a non-evaluation condition, the majority consensus tends to be more influential than the minority consensus, whereas in the intensity evaluation condition, the minority consensus is the most influential; b) the impact of minority consensus increases when its intensity is evaluated compared to the non-evaluation condition. Regarding the indirect influence: a) the non-evaluation of the majority consensus favors its impact compared to that obtained by the minority consensus, but b) the evaluation conditions make this difference fade away, by decreasing the influence of majority consensus while increasing that of minority consensus. We discuss the significance and the limitations of these results, which seem to put aside the barriers usually encountered by the sources of influence (diminished direct influence for the minority and restricted indirect influence for the majority).","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46845840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Dirty Side of Work: Biologization of Physically Tainted Workers 工作的肮脏一面:身体受到污染的工人的生物化

IF 2.5 4区心理学

International Review of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.5334/IRSP.213

R. Valtorta, C. Baldissarri, L. Andrighetto, C. Volpato

引用次数: 13

The Sociofunctional Model of Prejudice: Questioning the Role of Emotions in the Threat-Behavior Link 偏见的社会功能模型:质疑情绪在威胁-行为联系中的作用

IF 2.5 4区心理学

International Review of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2019-01-10 DOI: 10.5334/IRSP.169

Benoîte Aubé, François Ric

引用次数: 11

The Role of Emergent Shared Identity in Psychosocial Support among Refugees of Conflict in Developing Countries 新兴共同身份在发展中国家冲突难民心理社会支持中的作用

IF 2.5 4区心理学

International Review of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2019-01-10 DOI: 10.5334/IRSP.176

Khalifah Alfadhli, Meltem Güler, H. Çakal, J. Drury

{"title":"The Role of Emergent Shared Identity in Psychosocial Support among Refugees of Conflict in Developing Countries","authors":"Khalifah Alfadhli, Meltem Güler, H. Çakal, J. Drury","doi":"10.5334/IRSP.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/IRSP.176","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the harsh conditions that refugees of conflicts experience for many years in exile in developing countries, there is evidence showing that refugees of conflict help each other. This study aimed to explore one possible mechanism underlying such support and sought to answer three main research questions: Do refugees share an emergent identity that facilitates support among them (similar to people affected by disasters)? Does this identity-based support have an impact on their health? If so, does this positive impact help to mitigate the negative effect of exile stressors on refugees’ health? We carried out two questionnaire surveys among Syrian refugees, first in Turkey (n = 234) and then in Jordan (n = 156). The data were analysed using path analysis to test hypotheses and build a theoretical model. We found evidence suggesting a process of shared social identity-based support among the refugees. We found that the general health of refugees to be predicted mainly by stress, but we also found that collective efficacy has a positive association with health, which suggests a buffering effect. These results shed light on the process of social support among refugees of war and suggest the role of shared identity, which can have a limited buffering effect on the health of the refugees, though not enough to fully mitigate the negative effect of secondary stressors. However, we suggest that such a process can be utilised as base for interventions that approach refugees of war as a group (i.e. at community rather than individual level).","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46003198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Development and Validation of the Social Thermoregulation and Risk Avoidance Questionnaire (STRAQ-1) 社会温度调节和风险规避问卷（STRAQ-1）的编制与验证

IF 2.5 4区心理学

International Review of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.5334/IRSP.222

Rodrigo C. Vergara, Cristóbal Hernández, Francisco Jaume-Guazzini, S. Lindenberg, R. A. Klein, H. IJzerman

{"title":"Development and Validation of the Social Thermoregulation and Risk Avoidance Questionnaire (STRAQ-1)","authors":"Rodrigo C. Vergara, Cristóbal Hernández, Francisco Jaume-Guazzini, S. Lindenberg, R. A. Klein, H. IJzerman","doi":"10.5334/IRSP.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/IRSP.222","url":null,"abstract":"Attachment theory was built around the idea that infants rely on others to survive, and often, forgotten, that survival hinged on coping with environmental demands. Adult attachment reports have instead been organized around people’s subjective experience of safety and security in relationships. To resolve the gap between infant’s physical needs and adult attachment experiences, we made a first step, by developing the Social Thermoregulation and Risk Avoidance Questionnaire (STRAQ-1) in 12 countries (N=1510), providing a complementary measure to identify biological drives formative to attachment. We conjectured that co-regulatory patterns of temperature and stress are foundational to attachment styles and on this basis used a naïve bootstrapping method to find a robust solution, conducting seven exploratory factor analyses in an exploratory-confirmatory fashion. We identified 23 (out of 57) items in 4 subscales: Social Thermoregulation (Total Omega =.83), High Temperature Sensitivity (.83), Solitary Thermoregulation (.77), and Risk Avoidance (.57). In terms of external validity, we also found that the STRAQ-1 relates to emotion regulation strategies broadly and, importantly, relates to individual differences in attachment specifically, which in turn mediates the relationship with stress and health (making the scale face valid). Our approach provides a robust first effort in identifying biological mechanisms underlying attachment formation.","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41874192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

The Effect of Information Quality Evaluation on Selective Exposure in Informational Cognitive Dissonance: The Role of Information Novelty 信息认知失调中信息质量评价对选择性暴露的影响:信息新颖性的作用

IF 2.5 4区心理学

International Review of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.5334/IRSP.173

B. Bardin, Pauline Vidal, Léo Facca, Rafaele Dumas, S. Perrissol

{"title":"The Effect of Information Quality Evaluation on Selective Exposure in\u0000 Informational Cognitive Dissonance: The Role of Information Novelty","authors":"B. Bardin, Pauline Vidal, Léo Facca, Rafaele Dumas, S. Perrissol","doi":"10.5334/IRSP.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/IRSP.173","url":null,"abstract":"In fictional decision-making, research on selective exposure (the tendency to expose oneself to consistent information and avoid inconsistent information, Festinger, 1957) shows that this phenomenon may be partly due to a biased evaluation quality of information. The present study seeks to establish whether this biased evaluation also occurs with informational dissonance (Vaidis and Gosling, 2011). More specifically, we examined (1) whether an individual’s attitude or behavior may be biased by information perception; and (2) whether this phenomenon was related to the perception of the information’s novelty. In two successive studies, participants evaluated the quality and the novelty of information and their desire to expose themselves to it. The information in the texts dealt with the effects of passive smoking, alcohol, and electromagnetic waves (Study 1) and GMOs (Study 2). For each of these topics, one text emphasized their harmlessness (tobacco and electromagnetic waves) or the positive effects (alcohol and GMOs), whereas the second presented the negative effects on health. The hypotheses were tested using moderated mediation models. The results differed according to the subjects addressed and the novelty of the information submitted. Among several possible explanations for the findings, we suggest that the valence of the texts on items considered harmful for health plays a role.","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48740265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Social Judgment of an In-group Member Behaving in a (Non)dissonant Way 群体内成员（非）不和谐行为的社会判断

IF 2.5 4区心理学

International Review of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.5334/IRSP.112

Iskra Herak, Marie-Amélie Martinie, Yves Almecija, Rodolphe Kamiejski

{"title":"Social Judgment of an In-group Member Behaving in a (Non)dissonant\u0000 Way","authors":"Iskra Herak, Marie-Amélie Martinie, Yves Almecija, Rodolphe Kamiejski","doi":"10.5334/IRSP.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/IRSP.112","url":null,"abstract":"We explored participants’ perceptions of a person restoring or maintaining consistency with a clearly indicated in- or out-group status. In our study, participants (French students) had to judge a person freely choosing to behave contrary to or in conformity with initial attitudes. The target changed attitude to reduce dissonance and restore consistency (restoring consistency condition) or kept the attitudinal-behavioral consistency (maintaining consistency condition). The target had either the same nationality as participants (in-group) or a different one (out-group, Eastern European). Perception was then measured through two essential dimensions in social judgment: warmth and competence. We hypothesized that the in-group target restoring consistency would suffer from negative judgments (i.e., black sheep effect), but findings suggest that the inconsistent in-group target was penalized only on the competence dimension. Meanwhile, as hypothesized, participants expressed in-group favouritism toward the in-group target maintaining consistency by ascribing higher warmth and competence compared to all other targets. Results suggest that attitude change as a dissonance reduction mode doesn’t necessarily undermine the global impression, only the perceived competence, while the appreciation of the attitudinal-behavioural consistency of an in-group member encompasses both dimensions.","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48142238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1