Australian Journal of Politics and History最新文献

{"title":"The Australian Constitutional Framers and the Languages of Virtue","authors":"Simon P. Kennedy,&nbsp;Benjamin B. Saunders","doi":"10.1111/ajph.12978","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajph.12978","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The historiography of the political concept of virtue has been dominated by examinations of western European and North American sources. This article aims to widen the historical scope for our understanding of the influence of the concept of political virtue by examining how Anglophone conceptions of virtue were employed by the framers of the Australian Constitution during the Federation debates and the impact of those conceptions on the Constitution itself. It examines the strands of thought that provided the backdrop for the colonial adoption of the Victorian-era British conception of political virtue, subsequently showing how the Australian constitutional framers adopted these languages and concepts in their own writings and speeches. The Australian framers were concerned with the virtue of both the people and their political leaders, applying this concern in their contributions to legal and political discourse in the latter part of the nineteenth century. However, rather than a direct transfer of the more typical languages of republican virtue, the colonial context examined here offers evidence of a shift of emphasis from virtue into the concept of “character”. The framers demonstrated an interest in the question of character as they wrote and deliberated around the constitutional problems of political parties, bicameralism, and responsible government. So, too, they showed an acute concern for the importance of character in their institutional designs for a future federal commonwealth. This article demonstrates that the framers existed within the tradition of thought which held virtue, or character, to be central to the vitality of the polity, and that the framers adapted that language in their deliberations and the institutional design of the Constitution.</p>","PeriodicalId":45431,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Politics and History","volume":"70 4","pages":"641-657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajph.12978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140704653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Spirit of the Service: Dash, Discipline, and Flying Accidents in the Royal Australian Air Force, 1921–48","authors":"Peter Hobbins","doi":"10.1111/ajph.12982","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajph.12982","url":null,"abstract":"<p>From its establishment in 1921, the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) attracted political and public critique for flying accidents. This article explores how its nascent institutional ethos developed in relation to a problematic safety record. Military aviators were expected to balance airborne “dash” against obeying flying orders, risking castigation if they proved either too timid or too reckless. Despite vigorous attempts to isolate their service from scrutiny, Air Force leaders were forced to adapt the RAAF's safety culture in response to civilian expertise, media pressure, political machinations, and comparisons with other air arms — particularly Britain's Royal Air Force. Through the 1930s and the Second World War, responsibility was increasingly channelled toward individual personnel. Tactics included severe punishments, signed attestations that confirmed compliance with orders and an “endorsement” system that permanently recorded infractions in errant flyers' log books. These measures risked producing timorous and inadequately skilled pilots, unprepared to exploit their aircraft's capabilities to the full. In 1945, the establishment of a Directorate of Flying Safety profoundly changed the RAAF's institutional safety culture, but its accident record remained problematic. Over 1921–48, the “sweet spot” between initiative and dependability eluded the RAAF's quest to inculcate an enduring “spirit of the service”.</p>","PeriodicalId":45431,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Politics and History","volume":"70 4","pages":"658-682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajph.12982","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140705265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Archival Encounters and the Evolving Historiography of the Dismissal of the Whitlam Government","authors":"Jenny Hocking","doi":"10.1111/ajph.12979","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajph.12979","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gough Whitlam was deeply committed to the preservation of history, and keenly attuned to the importance of the documentary record in the writing of it. For Whitlam, the written record — the contemporaneous documentary record of government activity — was central to the production of historical knowledge and the “verification” of history. As he reflected on the release of his government's 1975 Cabinet papers, “the publication of these records confirms my belief in the contemporary document as the primary source for writing and understanding history”. This paper takes us through the shifting historiography of the dismissal of the Whitlam government by Governor-General Sir John Kerr. In doing so, it is a reflection also on the role of archives in the writing of history, recognising as Peters does, that the construction of an archival record is “a deeply political act”. This is particularly so for contested, polarised, episodes — of which the dismissal is surely the exemplar — for which archival records have been transformative. In this process of historical correction, revelations from Kerr's papers in the National Archives of Australia have been pivotal. Kerr's papers were also central to my successful legal action against the Archives securing the release of the “Palace letters” between Kerr and the Queen regarding the dismissal. This paper explores some critical “archival encounters” during that research journey — revelations, obstructions, missing archives, and even burnt archives. From the destruction of Whitlam's security file, missing Government House guestbooks, the denial of access to records, to royal letters of support for Kerr's dismissal of Whitlam “accidentally burnt” in the Yarralumla incinerator, these encounters illuminate the critical relationship between archives, access, and history which continue to shape our understanding of the dismissal of the Whitlam government.</p>","PeriodicalId":45431,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Politics and History","volume":"70 2","pages":"281-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajph.12979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘A Bloody Difficult Subject’: Ruth Ross, te Tiriti o Waitangi and the Making of History. By Bain Attwood (Auckland: Auckland University Press, 2023), pp. xiv + 288. 59.99 NZD (hb)","authors":"Author of review: Associate Professor John Stenhouse","doi":"10.1111/ajph.12980","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajph.12980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45431,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Politics and History","volume":"71 1","pages":"167-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Telling Tennant's Story. The Strange Career of the Great Australian Silence by Dean Ashenden.","authors":"Alison Holland","doi":"10.1111/ajph.12977","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajph.12977","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45431,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Politics and History","volume":"71 1","pages":"166-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New South Wales July to December 2023","authors":"David Clune","doi":"10.1111/ajph.12976","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajph.12976","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Premier Chris Minns has made the State's acute housing shortage his number one priority, to the extent that it is the only policy area in which the Government has been notably active. The issue was given added salience by new housing targets adopted by National Cabinet in August. New South Wales will be required to increase the construction of new homes to 75,000 per year for the next five years, twice the current annual forecast (<i>Sydney Morning Herald</i>, 18 August 2023). Greatly increased high-rise development in areas with established infrastructure was the Premier's solution. Minns adopted an aggressive rather than persuasive approach to implementing his strategy. Over-development has traditionally been an issue that politicians have been wary of. Minns seems to have decided that the intensity of the current crisis has turned large-scale development into a vote winner, particularly with young people facing the prospect of never being able to afford to own a home. Turning up the rhetorical heat, he has stigmatised opponents of his pro-development policies as selfish “NIMBYs” (Not In My Backyard) who were “allergic to change” and unsympathetic to the plight of young home seekers. Minns also accused councils of using heritage listings as a tactic to prevent development: “They don't have the gumption to come out and say, well, ‘We don't want anyone else moving into our community and we certainly don't want any uplift in development’” (<i>Guardian</i>, 11 December 2023). He warned local councils that if they attempted to resist his planning reforms he would turn to the “nuclear option” to over-ride them: “We've got the powers inside the New South Wales Government […] to enact reform, to pursue housing targets and completions […] We don't need any enabling legislation to make that happen” (<i>SMH</i>, 27 September 2023).</p><p>Minns also decided, in spite of the damage association with corrupt developers did to Labor in the Eddie Obeid era, to ally himself closely with the development industry. He told a property industry lobby group that the “previous governmental attitude towards developers would be overturned from a position of suspicion and mistrust, to encouraging companies who engaged in positive, well-constructed properties” (<i>SMH</i>, 27 September 2023). Planning Minster Paul Scully told a property developers' group: “You may have noted we were the first Opposition in New South Wales in a long time — perhaps ever — who did not take a strong anti-development campaign to the election” (<i>SMH</i>, 5 August 2023).</p><p>The newly appointed head of the Planning Department, Kiersten Fishburn, whose brief is to lead the housing blitzkrieg, said that it was time to “take risks” and “prise the barnacles” off the New South Wales planning system. She added: “There is always the risk that as a consequence, some malfeasance will corrupt a bit of the system. But does the small risk outweigh the benefit of getting more market certainty? I would ","PeriodicalId":45431,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Politics and History","volume":"70 2","pages":"335-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajph.12976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Humanitarians: Child War Refugees and Australian Humanitarianism in a Transnational World, 1919–1975. By Joy Damousi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. pp. xiii + 347. $141.95 (HB)","authors":"Jayne Persian","doi":"10.1111/ajph.12963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45431,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Politics and History","volume":"70 1","pages":"155-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathway to Power: Shifts in Electoral Support for the Australian Labor Party Between the 1966 and 1969 Federal Elections","authors":"Paul D. Williams","doi":"10.1111/ajph.12962","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajph.12962","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The House of Representatives election of 2 December, 1972, was a watershed in Australian political history. That election saw the Australian Labor Party terminate the Liberal–Country Party (LCP) Coalition's twenty-three-year hegemony and bring to office not only a different type of Labor government but a different prime ministerial style in leader Gough Whitlam. Yet, just six years before, Labor at the 1966 election had suffered a 4.30 per cent two-party preferred (2PP) swing and the loss of nine seats following Labor's lowest primary vote since 1934. Labor's dramatic reversal of fortunes in just six years therefore remains of enormous historical interest. But, given the 1972 election saw a modest 2.5 per cent 2PP swing to Labor, with the party seizing twelve seats from the Coalition and losing four back to the LCP, the 1969–72 triennium offers little insight into Labor's recovery. In that context, this article, via analyses of House of Representatives election results and public opinion poll data, explores the chronology, demography, and geography of Labor's electoral recovery to argue the 1966–69 triennium remains of far greater value when identifying exactly when, among whom, and where Labor began its pathway to power.</p>","PeriodicalId":45431,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Politics and History","volume":"70 2","pages":"266-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajph.12962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tasmania July to December 2023","authors":"Dain Bolwell","doi":"10.1111/ajph.12969","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajph.12969","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Against a background of low unemployment, Tasmania's government, the last remaining Liberal administration in the country, was buffeted relentlessly during the turbulent last six months of the year such that some commentators were predicting its demise. The Rockcliff minority government began and ended the period with 11 of 25 seats, but at one point was down to ten in the lower house following the forced resignation of Elise Archer, the Attorney-General. The Voice referendum failed against earlier predictions of success, and there were reports from major enquiries on child sexual abuse and on racing that required urgent action. The Greens leader, Cassy O'Connor, resigned and was replaced with Vica Bayley, who made an extraordinary maiden speech. The major parties combined to pass weak political donations reforms and secure public funding for their benefit. The new Attorney-General botched an attempt to deal with concerns arising from criminal charges made against a Supreme Court judge. There were also continuing issues with the proposed AFL stadium, a refuelling farce with the new Antarctic icebreaker, the death of the premier's father, and interference in a grant application by a minister. In December, the Labor party announced its candidates for the next election, leaving a former leader ignored while another was embraced and, to the relief of the Liberals, its rift unhealed.</p><p>Total unemployment for the period was steady at a low 4.1 percent in trend terms or a little over 12,000 people (ABS 6202.0). The rate was comparable with national averages.</p><p>The Attorney-General, Elise Archer, sensationally resigned her Clark seat in the House of Assembly in September after being dismissed from cabinet amid allegations of workplace bullying and sending inappropriate messages. In one leaked message, Archer described premier Rockliff as ‘too gutless to be leader’. In another message, she said she was ‘sick of victim-survivors’, which she said had been taken out of context. Her resignation followed an ultimatum from the premier, who gave her a deadline to either quit parliament or guarantee a vote of supply and confidence in his government. If she did neither, Rockcliff said he would call a state election (Guardian 4 October).</p><p>Amid the chaos, ex-Liberal John Tucker (Lyons) called for Michael Ferguson to challenge for the leadership as he was at risk of becoming ‘the Peter Costello of the Liberal Party in Tasmania’. However Ferguson rebuffed the call saying he was a team player, not a wrecker (Kevin Bonham 4 October).</p><p>Hobart City councillor Simon Behrakis comfortably won the Archer recount on 23 October, defeating fellow conservative Liberal, Will Coats 55.2 to 44.7 percent (TEC 23 October). Behrakis then resigned his council seat immediately, which was easily won by Coats.</p><p>The October national referendum on the Aboriginal Voice to Parliament was defeated in Tasmania as it was in other states, although two out of its five elec","PeriodicalId":45431,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Politics and History","volume":"70 2","pages":"323-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajph.12969","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Liberal Chronicle in Peace and War: Journals and Papers of J. A. Pease, 1st Lord Gainford, 1911–1915. Edited by Cameron Hazlehurst and Christine Woodland(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023) pp. xxiii+572 $AU423.95 (hb)","authors":"Douglas Newton","doi":"10.1111/ajph.12972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12972","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45431,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Politics and History","volume":"70 1","pages":"164-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}