International Journal of Sociology最新文献

{"title":"Subjective Wellbeing in Rural and Urban Central Europe: Evidence from the European Social Survey (2008 and 2018)","authors":"Vladimir Ivanović, Bruno Šimac, Tijana Trako Poljak","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2089806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2089806","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social surveys on wellbeing have been increasingly including measures of subjective wellbeing, alongside more often used objective ones, as they show the importance of a more comprehensive approach to understanding what constitutes good and happy lives. This paper relies on the European Social Survey (ESS) data from Round 4 (2008) and Round 9 (2018) to analyze and compare subjective wellbeing (SWB) in rural and urban areas of eight Central European countries: Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, and Slovakia. Based on available ESS items, we have constructed a more concise version of the VanderWeele et al.’s Flourishing Index, which we termed the Subjective Wellbeing Index (SWI), and which includes the following domains: (1) happiness and life satisfaction, (2) mental and physical health, and (3) financial and material stability. The main results indicate that all eight CE countries have relatively high and improving SWI scores, but stable relational position over the ten-year period. When looking at the rural-urban subsamples, all countries scored higher on the SWI in urban areas in 2008, with significant improvements in the rural areas of more affluent EU countries by 2018 as Austrian, Czech and German rural areas exhibited higher SWI scores than their urban counterparts.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73910145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying With The Poor? Experimental Evidence From West Africa","authors":"Kouakou Donatien Adou, John A. Doces","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2086730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2086730","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Views of the poor are based on data from western countries not developing nations. How are the poor viewed in Africa? We focus on how identities shape views of the poor in Africa, and conduct a series of field experiments in Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Senegal randomly selecting respondents using a multi-stage cluster sampling strategy. Our total sample includes 851 respondents that evaluated randomized profiles of a single-vignette of a person living in poverty. Results indicate that the poor are more likely to be seen as unlucky, and in some cases deserving of government assistance, if they were born into poverty, have limited education, and are female. Shared identities associated with class and ethnicity increase the chances of being viewed as unlucky and deserving of assistance.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87833133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A matter of trust? Political trust and the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"M. Farzanegan, Hans Philipp Hofmann","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2086729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2086729","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is significant cross-country variation in COVID-19 fatalities worldwide. In this study, we analyze the relationship between political trust and fatalities from the COVID-1s9 pandemic. By performing a cross-country analysis and controlling for other determinants, we find that government trust is negatively associated with the excess mortality rate during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80700062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aiding Human Rights? The Effect of U.S., European, and Chinese Development Assistance on Rights Practices in Recipient Countries, 2001 to 2017","authors":"W. Cole","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2067629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2067629","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Official development assistance (ODA) refers to aid intended to promote economic development and wellbeing in developing countries. The effect of ODA from Western donors continues to be debated, but the impact of aid from non-Western countries such as China is a relatively new field of inquiry and analysis. Using data on Western ODA and a new dataset of “ODA-like” disbursements from China, this article analyzes the relationship between bilateral aid receipts from three sources—the United States, major European donors, and China—and two sets of human rights practices: physical integrity and “empowerment” (i.e., civil and political) rights. Analyses are conducted using panel fixed-effects regression models with and without instrumental variables. U.S. ODA, in particular, improves human rights in recipient countries. Estimated effects of bilateral ODA from European donors and China are far less robust. These results suggest that U.S. aid is not as ineffective nor Chinese aid as pernicious as is commonly assumed.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75058546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new Hungarian middle class?","authors":"Ákos Huszár, Viktoria Berger","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2064093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2064093","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to a widely held view, a broad and strong middle class is a criterion for social stability and a decisive force for democratization. This paper first examines this normative concept of the middle class before investigating how the situation of the middle class changed in Hungary after the regime change and how broad and strong it is today. Finally, we examine to what extent today’s Hungarian middle class can be regarded as a pillar of democracy and an engine of democratization.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74942432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Individual Coping: Daily Living Conditions Which Negatively Shape the Wellbeing of Women Engaged in Sex Work in Barbados","authors":"Sadie K. Goddard-Durant, Stavroula Kyriakakis","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2062901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2062901","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Investigations of the mental health of women engaged in sex work in the Global South hardly explore how daily living conditions created by unjust social and systemic structures might be giving rise to distress that is beyond alleviation when only individual coping strategies are used. Consequently, we collaborated with a local community-based organization to conduct a phenomenological grounded theory study of the wellbeing needs of 30 Black women engaged in sex work in Barbados. In this paper, we report on the impoverished and gendered violent daily living conditions, exacerbated by stigma, which manifested as emotional distress for these women. We illustrate how these living conditions, grounded in colonial legacies, neocolonialism and neoliberalism, are beyond the control of the women. We provide recommendations for developing policies and programs in Barbados toward improving these living conditions and ultimately relieving the women’s distress. We suggest key areas for future research with women engaged in sex work in Barbados and similar contexts in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85527063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religious Exclusivism and Mass Beliefs about the Religion v. Science Debate: A Cross-National Study","authors":"John J. Lee","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2055288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2055288","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When religion and science are in conflict, who supports religion? Using data from 71 diverse societies in the World Values Survey (n = 120,728), this study assesses the relative predictive strength of science optimism, moral concerns about science, religiosity, and religious exclusivism. Perhaps counterintuitively, science beliefs (science optimism, in particular) are weak predictors of the outcome, even in wealthy societies with high levels of scientific productivity. In contrast, believing that only one’s religion is acceptable is the strongest predictor of choosing religion over science; this is generally consistent across religious groups, regions, and specific countries/territories. These findings suggest that making the public more aware of major scientific advances will not, by itself, increase the cultural authority of science—especially if it is explicitly contested by another influential social institution. The implications for social scientific theories of modernization and secularization are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74184802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political Sociology of Voting Participation in Southern Africa: A Multilevel Study of Regional and Social Class Predictors in 11 Countries","authors":"Olof Reichenberg, E. B. Tambe","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2046364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2046364","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Voting participation constitutes and legitimatizes electoral democracy. However, research has been unable to predict and explain the lack of participation across political contexts. The present study aims to predict voting participation based on regional predictors using 11 countries from the Afrobarometer (2019). For the analysis, the study uses modern measurement models and Bayesian multilevel logit models (binary and categorical). The regional analysis suggests that a greater frequency of experiencing bribery predicts lower voting probabilities. Regions with citizens who are more highly educated predict lower voting probabilities for deciding not to vote. Regions with higher levels of skilled craft workers predict lower voting probabilities. Compared to those in the lower occupational social class, citizens in the higher occupational social class have a lower voting probability. The study concludes by offering implications for the relational approach to contentious politics and democratization.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91328181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can work value orientations explain the gender wage gap in Austria?","authors":"J. Bacher, M. Beham-Rabanser, Matthias Forstner","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2042114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2042114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study analyzes whether work value orientations can explain gender wage differences in Austria. It initially assumes that women have more intrinsic work value orientations than men and are, therefore, more willing to accept low incomes. By contrast, men share more extrinsic work values and are less willing to accept low wages. These assumptions were analyzed empirically with the Social Survey Austria 2016. No or only a weak effect can be found for extrinsic work value orientations. Intrinsic work value orientations have a significant, but opposite effect Higher intrinsic work value orientations – ceteris paribus – result in higher incomes. This lowers the gender wage gap, because women report higher intrinsic work value orientations.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79617870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF DEVELOP DEPLOY CONNECT MODEL IN MANAGING TALENT IN THE INSURANCE SECTOR","authors":"Ben Kajwang","doi":"10.47604/ijs.1449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijs.1449","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The Develop Deploy Connect Model is an overall timeline structure that focuses on every stage from acquiring competent talent until how it leads to employee retention. The main objective of this model is to enhance and improve the productivity of the available human capital and promote career development of employees. This model can be used by HR professionals who are passionate about the development of their firm's workforce, educators, trainers, project managers, leads and consultants. The goal of this study to discuss the importance of education and skills on performance of insurance sector. The purpose of this work is to application of develop deploy connect model in managing talent and make recommendations for the insurance sector. \u0000Methodology: A desktop literature review was used for this purpose. Relevant journal articles for the study were identified using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria entailed papers that were not over a decade old. \u0000Findings: From the review, organizations that employ strategic training through skills development among staff, in accordance with job requirements, enhance employee participation to higher grade. It was found that offering induction training, on job training, mentorship training and career development has a significant influence on the employee retention in an organization. In light of this, application of the develop-deploy-connect model enhance and improve the productivity of the available human capital and promote career development of employees. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that the Hr managers should also capitalize on sourcing and recruiting or holding onto the appropriate skills and capabilities, according to business needs. Additionally, they should engage Motivating and developing the talented personnel to match business requirements for higher levels of job satisfaction. Moreover, deploying and managing talents to match skills and experience with organizational may go a long way in enhancing organizational performance. the study further recommends that training programs should be undertaken after a systematic needs analysis, that emphasis should be placed on training programs for all employees, that the training programs improved employee knowledge skills and attitudes and that there should be a continuous review of training programs and activities to meet the changing needs of the market.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83051934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}