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Argentina Exceptionalism: Social Mobility and the Reversal of Development in Argentina 阿根廷例外论:阿根廷的社会流动与发展逆转
IF 2.1
International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2022.2089805
J. R. Jorrat, Ildefonso Marqués-Perales
{"title":"Argentina Exceptionalism: Social Mobility and the Reversal of Development in Argentina","authors":"J. R. Jorrat, Ildefonso Marqués-Perales","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2089805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2089805","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of education on social mobility are studied in Argentina, a country that has undergone unprecedented economic and political upheaval. Among the richest in the world at the beginning of the 20th century, it was ranked 60th by per capita GDP at the century’s end; a phenomenon known as “the Argentine Paradox”. The interrelationships between class origin, education, and class destination are all explored. Regarding educational inequalities and returns on education, no fluctuations towards a particular direction were identified, although returns on education changed according to social classes. We found, contrary to “popular wisdom”, that as access to education increased, social fluidity fell. Neither educational expansion nor educational inequalities contributed to social fluidity, and we added the possibility of a growing association between origin-destination, as educational levels improved.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"20 1","pages":"284 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86821444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role Of Entrepreneurship Ecosystems In Hungarian Urban Regions 创业生态系统在匈牙利城市地区的作用
IF 2.1
International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2022.2086421
László Szerb, Krisztina Horváth, Lívia Lukovszki, Miklós Hornyák, Z. Fehér
{"title":"The Role Of Entrepreneurship Ecosystems In Hungarian Urban Regions","authors":"László Szerb, Krisztina Horváth, Lívia Lukovszki, Miklós Hornyák, Z. Fehér","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2086421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2086421","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the last decade, entrepreneurship ecosystem (EE) research has become a leading field in entrepreneurship research. In this paper, we use the Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index (REDI) methodology to analyze the EEs of 22 urban regions in Hungary. These urban regions statistically range from metropolitan agglomerations to smaller regional units with urban centers which organize their respective local economies, representing real economic entities relevant to EEs. Compared to other European regions, Hungarian urban regions perform poorly in entrepreneurship. Budapest, the leading Hungarian regions, ranks 81st out of the 140 regions in the sample, and it also lags behind other similarly developed regions. Looking at the REDI sub-indices, Hungarian urban regions perform relatively well in Entrepreneurial Attitudes while Entrepreneurial Aspiration is the weakest component in 19 of them. At the pillar level, we have identified the strengths and the weaknesses of each region. Pinpointing local weaknesses is particularly important because they act as limitations on the operation of EEs and serve as a basis for policy interventions. While Risk Acceptance and Financing are the weakest pillars in most regions, the combinations of pillar components differ, underlining the legitimacy of case-sensitive policy interventions.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"205 1","pages":"334 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77037295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Subjective Wellbeing in Rural and Urban Central Europe: Evidence from the European Social Survey (2008 and 2018) 中欧城乡主观幸福感:来自欧洲社会调查(2008年和2018年)的证据
IF 2.1
International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2022.2089806
Vladimir Ivanović, Bruno Šimac, Tijana Trako Poljak
{"title":"Subjective Wellbeing in Rural and Urban Central Europe: Evidence from the European Social Survey (2008 and 2018)","authors":"Vladimir Ivanović, Bruno Šimac, Tijana Trako Poljak","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2089806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2089806","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social surveys on wellbeing have been increasingly including measures of subjective wellbeing, alongside more often used objective ones, as they show the importance of a more comprehensive approach to understanding what constitutes good and happy lives. This paper relies on the European Social Survey (ESS) data from Round 4 (2008) and Round 9 (2018) to analyze and compare subjective wellbeing (SWB) in rural and urban areas of eight Central European countries: Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, and Slovakia. Based on available ESS items, we have constructed a more concise version of the VanderWeele et al.’s Flourishing Index, which we termed the Subjective Wellbeing Index (SWI), and which includes the following domains: (1) happiness and life satisfaction, (2) mental and physical health, and (3) financial and material stability. The main results indicate that all eight CE countries have relatively high and improving SWI scores, but stable relational position over the ten-year period. When looking at the rural-urban subsamples, all countries scored higher on the SWI in urban areas in 2008, with significant improvements in the rural areas of more affluent EU countries by 2018 as Austrian, Czech and German rural areas exhibited higher SWI scores than their urban counterparts.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"46 1","pages":"397 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73910145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Identifying With The Poor? Experimental Evidence From West Africa 同情穷人?西非的实验证据
IF 2.1
International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2022.2086730
Kouakou Donatien Adou, John A. Doces
{"title":"Identifying With The Poor? Experimental Evidence From West Africa","authors":"Kouakou Donatien Adou, John A. Doces","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2086730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2086730","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Views of the poor are based on data from western countries not developing nations. How are the poor viewed in Africa? We focus on how identities shape views of the poor in Africa, and conduct a series of field experiments in Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Senegal randomly selecting respondents using a multi-stage cluster sampling strategy. Our total sample includes 851 respondents that evaluated randomized profiles of a single-vignette of a person living in poverty. Results indicate that the poor are more likely to be seen as unlucky, and in some cases deserving of government assistance, if they were born into poverty, have limited education, and are female. Shared identities associated with class and ethnicity increase the chances of being viewed as unlucky and deserving of assistance.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"7 1","pages":"308 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87833133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A matter of trust? Political trust and the COVID-19 pandemic 信任问题?政治信任与COVID-19大流行
IF 2.1
International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2022.2086729
M. Farzanegan, Hans Philipp Hofmann
{"title":"A matter of trust? Political trust and the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"M. Farzanegan, Hans Philipp Hofmann","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2086729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2086729","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is significant cross-country variation in COVID-19 fatalities worldwide. In this study, we analyze the relationship between political trust and fatalities from the COVID-1s9 pandemic. By performing a cross-country analysis and controlling for other determinants, we find that government trust is negatively associated with the excess mortality rate during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"90 1","pages":"476 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80700062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Aiding Human Rights? The Effect of U.S., European, and Chinese Development Assistance on Rights Practices in Recipient Countries, 2001 to 2017 帮助人权?2001年至2017年美国、欧洲和中国发展援助对受援国人权实践的影响
IF 2.1
International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2022.2067629
W. Cole
{"title":"Aiding Human Rights? The Effect of U.S., European, and Chinese Development Assistance on Rights Practices in Recipient Countries, 2001 to 2017","authors":"W. Cole","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2067629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2067629","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Official development assistance (ODA) refers to aid intended to promote economic development and wellbeing in developing countries. The effect of ODA from Western donors continues to be debated, but the impact of aid from non-Western countries such as China is a relatively new field of inquiry and analysis. Using data on Western ODA and a new dataset of “ODA-like” disbursements from China, this article analyzes the relationship between bilateral aid receipts from three sources—the United States, major European donors, and China—and two sets of human rights practices: physical integrity and “empowerment” (i.e., civil and political) rights. Analyses are conducted using panel fixed-effects regression models with and without instrumental variables. U.S. ODA, in particular, improves human rights in recipient countries. Estimated effects of bilateral ODA from European donors and China are far less robust. These results suggest that U.S. aid is not as ineffective nor Chinese aid as pernicious as is commonly assumed.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"138 1","pages":"253 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75058546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The new Hungarian middle class? 匈牙利的新中产阶级?
IF 2.1
International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2022.2064093
Ákos Huszár, Viktoria Berger
{"title":"The new Hungarian middle class?","authors":"Ákos Huszár, Viktoria Berger","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2064093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2064093","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to a widely held view, a broad and strong middle class is a criterion for social stability and a decisive force for democratization. This paper first examines this normative concept of the middle class before investigating how the situation of the middle class changed in Hungary after the regime change and how broad and strong it is today. Finally, we examine to what extent today’s Hungarian middle class can be regarded as a pillar of democracy and an engine of democratization.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"52 1","pages":"370 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74942432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Beyond Individual Coping: Daily Living Conditions Which Negatively Shape the Wellbeing of Women Engaged in Sex Work in Barbados 超越个人应对:对巴巴多斯从事性工作的妇女的福祉产生负面影响的日常生活条件
IF 2.1
International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2022.2062901
Sadie K. Goddard-Durant, Stavroula Kyriakakis
{"title":"Beyond Individual Coping: Daily Living Conditions Which Negatively Shape the Wellbeing of Women Engaged in Sex Work in Barbados","authors":"Sadie K. Goddard-Durant, Stavroula Kyriakakis","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2062901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2062901","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Investigations of the mental health of women engaged in sex work in the Global South hardly explore how daily living conditions created by unjust social and systemic structures might be giving rise to distress that is beyond alleviation when only individual coping strategies are used. Consequently, we collaborated with a local community-based organization to conduct a phenomenological grounded theory study of the wellbeing needs of 30 Black women engaged in sex work in Barbados. In this paper, we report on the impoverished and gendered violent daily living conditions, exacerbated by stigma, which manifested as emotional distress for these women. We illustrate how these living conditions, grounded in colonial legacies, neocolonialism and neoliberalism, are beyond the control of the women. We provide recommendations for developing policies and programs in Barbados toward improving these living conditions and ultimately relieving the women’s distress. We suggest key areas for future research with women engaged in sex work in Barbados and similar contexts in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"35 1","pages":"179 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85527063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Religious Exclusivism and Mass Beliefs about the Religion v. Science Debate: A Cross-National Study 宗教排他主义与大众信仰关于宗教与科学之争:一项跨国研究
IF 2.1
International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2022.2055288
John J. Lee
{"title":"Religious Exclusivism and Mass Beliefs about the Religion v. Science Debate: A Cross-National Study","authors":"John J. Lee","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2055288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2055288","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When religion and science are in conflict, who supports religion? Using data from 71 diverse societies in the World Values Survey (n = 120,728), this study assesses the relative predictive strength of science optimism, moral concerns about science, religiosity, and religious exclusivism. Perhaps counterintuitively, science beliefs (science optimism, in particular) are weak predictors of the outcome, even in wealthy societies with high levels of scientific productivity. In contrast, believing that only one’s religion is acceptable is the strongest predictor of choosing religion over science; this is generally consistent across religious groups, regions, and specific countries/territories. These findings suggest that making the public more aware of major scientific advances will not, by itself, increase the cultural authority of science—especially if it is explicitly contested by another influential social institution. The implications for social scientific theories of modernization and secularization are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"45 1","pages":"229 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74184802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Political Sociology of Voting Participation in Southern Africa: A Multilevel Study of Regional and Social Class Predictors in 11 Countries 南部非洲投票参与的政治社会学:11个国家的区域和社会阶层预测因子的多层次研究
IF 2.1
International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2022.2046364
Olof Reichenberg, E. B. Tambe
{"title":"The Political Sociology of Voting Participation in Southern Africa: A Multilevel Study of Regional and Social Class Predictors in 11 Countries","authors":"Olof Reichenberg, E. B. Tambe","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2022.2046364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2046364","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Voting participation constitutes and legitimatizes electoral democracy. However, research has been unable to predict and explain the lack of participation across political contexts. The present study aims to predict voting participation based on regional predictors using 11 countries from the Afrobarometer (2019). For the analysis, the study uses modern measurement models and Bayesian multilevel logit models (binary and categorical). The regional analysis suggests that a greater frequency of experiencing bribery predicts lower voting probabilities. Regions with citizens who are more highly educated predict lower voting probabilities for deciding not to vote. Regions with higher levels of skilled craft workers predict lower voting probabilities. Compared to those in the lower occupational social class, citizens in the higher occupational social class have a lower voting probability. The study concludes by offering implications for the relational approach to contentious politics and democratization.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"2062 1","pages":"156 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91328181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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