Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment最新文献

{"title":"Black Carbon Concentration during Spring Season at High Altitude Urban Center in Eastern Himalayan Region of India","authors":"Khushboo Sharma,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Ranjan,&nbsp;Sargam Lohar,&nbsp;Jayant Sharma,&nbsp;Rajeev Rajak,&nbsp;Aparna Gupta,&nbsp;Amit Prakash,&nbsp;Alok Kumar Pandey","doi":"10.5572/ajae.2021.149","DOIUrl":"10.5572/ajae.2021.149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study analyzed the BC associated with PM₁ and the contribution of biomass burning to the BC using a portable seven-channel Dual spot Aethalometer in and around Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim, India, during April 2021. Additionally, CO₂ and meteorological parameters (Temperature, Pressure, and Relative Humidity) was measured. The minimum concentration of BC was found in rural areas where the contribution of biomass burning to the BC is highest. The observed spatial variability of BC over Gangtok Municipal Corporation (GMC) area is minimal. Five days back-trajectory analysis was done using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to understand the regional influences of air masses at Gangtok. The air mass of the studied region is under influence of trans-regional transport from Indo-Gangetic Plains affecting the BC concentration over the studied region. The black carbon presence in the ambient air near the glacier heights in the Eastern Himalayan region may significantly cause localized warming, thereby enhancing glacier melts. The results have significant bearing for the policy-makers to take corrective steps in addressing the issue of rising BC concentration in high altitude regions. A further detailed study is needed to examine the effect of BC on radiative forcing and its large-scale effect on the East Asian summer monsoon using regional climate models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.5572/ajae.2021.149.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70710222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Atmospheric Environmental Change from Earth Observing Satellites","authors":"Kwon-Ho Lee,&nbsp;Man Sing Wong,&nbsp;Jing Li","doi":"10.5572/ajae.2021.147","DOIUrl":"10.5572/ajae.2021.147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Satellite data is a collection of various atmospheric environmental information through continuous earth observations. Those data observed for a long time-series provide detailed information on environmental changes which has been processed as two-dimensional information representing the atmospheric columnar integrated properties or multi-dimensional data combining space and time. In this review, we investigate the characteristics of various earth observing satellites that have been deriving the global atmospheric information up to date. In terms of applications, the patterns of global atmospheric environmental changes based on statistical and comparative analysis with the long-term observations are also addressed. The spatio-temporal changes in the atmospheric environmental parameters are discussed, in order to provide a quantitative grasp of the statistical relationship. Finally, future developments are put forward. This information will help to understand the atmospheric environment and climate-related interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.5572/ajae.2021.147.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70710174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind and Gust Forecasts Assessment of Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Model in Córdoba, Argentina","authors":"Matías Suárez,&nbsp;Denis Poffo,&nbsp;Edgardo Pierobon,&nbsp;Agustín Martina,&nbsp;Jorge Saffe,&nbsp;Andrés Rodríguez","doi":"10.5572/ajae.2021.133","DOIUrl":"10.5572/ajae.2021.133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>WRF wind forecasts from four operative schemes used by OHMC (Observatorio HidroMeteorológico de Córdoba), a test scheme (WRF-E) and two daily runs with 4 km horizontal resolution were analyzed. Wind simulations were compared with measurements from eight ground stations with anemometers at 10 m high during the period from June, 2019 to June, 2020. WRF-E incorporates more vertical levels, and an activated topo_wind option. The wind speed results show that WRF overestimates wind speed at most stations and the WRF-E model reduces the BIAS and the RMSE when compared with the operational models. The wind direction analysis shows that the higher the wind speed is, the more accurate the models are. In addition, a wind gust forecasting has been implemented and evaluated in this work. Wind gust correlation coefficient values are between 0.3 and 0.6, RMSE is between 3 and 5 m/s, and a positive BIAS(&lt;2 m/s) at most stations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.5572/ajae.2021.133.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70710435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing the emissions of aldehydes from plant species of the Korean peninsula","authors":"So-Young Kim","doi":"10.1007/s44273-023-00015-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-023-00015-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study present the factors controlling the aldehyde emission (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, etc.) from plant species such as <i>Pinus densiflora</i>, <i>Pinus koraiensis</i>, <i>Quercus acutissima</i>, <i>Quercus variabilis</i>, <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, and <i>Oryza sativa</i>. Even in the same tree species illustrate the emission rate variation of as much as 30 ~ 40%. The β-value, a parameter quantifying the temperature and emission correlation, were assessed as 0.07, 0.05 for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, respectively. The coefficient of correlation was 0.4 and 0.5. for <i>Quercus variabilis.</i> In addition, the correlation between PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) and the emission is assessed close to the temperature impact on the emission. The emission of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde from <i>P</i>. <i>densiflora</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>koraiensis</i>, and <i>Q</i>. <i>variabilis</i> also depends on temperature and PAR. The ERs of total aldehydes of <i>P</i>. <i>koraiensis</i> are assessed at the level of 357.2 ng gdw⁻¹ h⁻¹, followed by propionaldehyde (110.6 ng gdw⁻¹ h⁻¹), acetaldehyde (102.5 ng gdw⁻¹ h⁻¹), and formaldehyde (73.66 ng gdw⁻¹ h⁻¹).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-023-00015-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study evaluating the performance of a cost-effective optical particle counter coupled with a humidity compensation approach for ambient air monitoring of particulate matter","authors":"Trieu-Vuong Dinh,&nbsp;Byeong-Gyu Park,&nbsp;Sang-Woo Lee,&nbsp;Jae-Hyung Park,&nbsp;Da-Hyun Baek,&nbsp;In-Young Choi,&nbsp;Ye-Bin Seo,&nbsp;Jin-Woo Choi,&nbsp;Jo-Chun Kim","doi":"10.1007/s44273-023-00017-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-023-00017-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The spatial monitoring of submicron particles has become an essential issue due to their negative effects on human health. However, the use of high-cost and high-grade measurement instruments is a challenging investment cost. Thus, a cost-effective optical particle counter (OPC), which is improved measurement quality, has become a good candidate. In this study, two cost-effective OPCs, coupled with a heated inlet tube to reduce the effect of humidity on its measurements, were applied in the field to measure ambient PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM₁ over 1 month. Their 1-h-average and 24-h-average data were compared with those obtained from a reference-grade OPC and a beta attenuation monitor (BAM). In particular, the correlations between the measurement data obtained from them, the differences in the mean values of these data, and the relative errors were evaluated. The PM_2.5 data obtained from cost-effective OPCs were comparable to those from BAM at even under high humidity conditions, except for rainy days. The data obtained from the cost-effective OPCs also showed good correlations and low relative errors (i.e., &lt; 7%) compared to the reference-grade OPC, with no significant difference in mean values in terms of the PM_2.5 and PM₁ data. Although the measurement of PM₁₀ by the cost-effective OPCs showed lower quality than PM_2.5 and PM₁, the relative errors were still acceptable (i.e., &lt; 18%) compared with those in other studies. Therefore, the cost-effective OPC coupled with a heated inlet tube has the potential to serve as a real-time monitoring instrument for ambient PM_2.5 and PM₁.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-023-00017-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135821304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of STILT footprints driven by KIM model simulated meteorological fields: implication for developing near real-time footprints","authors":"Samuel Takele Kenea,&nbsp;Haeyoung Lee,&nbsp;Sangwon Joo,&nbsp;Miloslav Belorid,&nbsp;Shanlan Li,&nbsp;Lev D. Labzovskii,&nbsp;Sanghun Park","doi":"10.1007/s44273-023-00016-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-023-00016-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an analysis of the atmospheric footprint sensitivities and CO₂ enhancements measured at three in situ stations in South Korea (Anmyeondo (AMY), Gosan (JGS), Ulleungdo (ULD)) using the KIM-STILT and WRF-STILT atmospheric transport models. Monthly aggregated footprints for each station were compared between the models for July and December 2020. The footprints revealed major source regions and the sensitivity of atmospheric mole fractions at the receptor to upstream surface fluxes. In July, both models showed similar major source regions for the AMY station, including Korea, the Yellow Sea, and Japan. However, a discrepancy was observed in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, with KIM-STILT showing larger sensitivity compared to WRF-STILT. In December, both models indicated strong sensitivity over Northeast and Eastern China, but KIM-STILT exhibited smaller sensitivities towards Northwestern China and Mongolia compared to WRF-STILT. At station ULD in July, both models exhibited comparable source regions, but a notable difference was found in Southeast China, where KIM-STILT showed stronger sensitivity. For the JGS station, both models agreed on major sources, but WRF-STILT demonstrated stronger sensitivity over North and Northeastern China. Regarding CO₂ enhancements, both models generally underestimated the amplitude of CO₂ enhancements, especially in July. However, in December, there was better agreement with observed data. The models were able to reproduce the phase of measured ΔCO₂ reasonably well despite the underestimation of CO₂ amplitudes. The contribution of biospheric CO₂ to the observed enhancements, along with fossil-fuel emissions, was highlighted. In specific cases with significant CO₂ enhancements, the models provided varying estimates of CO₂ff values, particularly in the source regions of Eastern China. The differences in sensitivity estimations emphasize the need for further investigation to understand the underlying factors causing disparities. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential advantages of each model in capturing dispersion patterns in specific regions, highlighting the importance of understanding these differences to improve the accuracy of atmospheric transport models. Further work is necessary to address the observed disparities and enhance our understanding of the transport models in the studied regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-023-00016-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil greenhouse gas fluxes to the atmosphere during the wet season across mangrove zones in Benoa Bay, Indonesia","authors":"I Putu Sugiana,&nbsp;Elok Faiqoh,&nbsp;Maria Fernanda Adame,&nbsp;Gede Surya Indrawan,&nbsp;Anak Agung Eka Andiani,&nbsp;I Gusti Ayu Istri Pradnyandari Dewi,&nbsp;I Wayan Eka Dharmawan","doi":"10.1007/s44273-023-00014-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-023-00014-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Behind their role as carbon sinks, mangrove soil can also emit greenhouse gases (GHG) through microbial metabolism. GHG flux measurments of mangroves are scarce in many locations, including Indonesia, which has one of the world’s most extensive and carbon-rich mangrove forests. We measured GHG fluxes (CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O) during the wet season in Benoa Bay, Bali, a bay with considerable anthropogenic pressures. The mangroves of this Bay are dominated by <i>Rhizophora</i> and <i>Sonneratia</i> spp and have a characteristic zonation pattern. We used closed chambers to measure GHG at the three mangrove zones within three sites. Emissions ranged from 1563.5 to 2644.7 µmol m⁻² h⁻¹ for CO₂, 10.0 to 34.7 µmol m⁻² h⁻¹ for CH₄, and 0.6 to 1.4 µmol m⁻² h⁻¹ for N₂O. All GHG fluxes were not significantly different across zones. However, most of the GHG fluxes decreased landward to seaward. Higher soil organic carbon was associated with larger CO₂ and CH₄ emissions, while lower redox potential and porewater salinity were associated with larger CH₄ emissions. These data suggest that soil characteristics, which are partially determined by location in the intertidal, significantly influence GHG emissions in soils of these mangroves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-023-00014-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term historical trends in air pollutant emissions in South Korea (2000–2018)","authors":"Jinseok Kim,&nbsp;Junhee Park,&nbsp;Hyejung Hu,&nbsp;Monica Crippa,&nbsp;Diego Guizzardi,&nbsp;Satoru Chatani,&nbsp;Junichi Kurokawa,&nbsp;Tazuko Morikawa,&nbsp;Soyoung Yeo,&nbsp;Hyungah Jin,&nbsp;Jung-Hun Woo","doi":"10.1007/s44273-023-00013-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-023-00013-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to understand the impact of previous air quality improvement policies on historical emission changes by examining long-term emission trends in Korea. Annual emissions from 2000 to 2018 were estimated using Korea’s official emissions inventory, the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS). To ensure a consistent comparison, standardization of the method for calculating emissions and unification of the reported emission sectors were conducted each year. Furthermore, Korea’s emissions history was compared with that of neighboring countries, such as China and Japan. The annual emissions of these countries were acquired from the HTAPv3 emissions inventory, an international long-term emission trend study. For comparison, the emission source classification of Korea was matched with that of HTAPv3. As a result of the analysis, NO_x and SO_x emissions in Korea have shown decreasing trends, whereas VOCs (volatile organic compounds) have indicated a gradual increasing trend since 2000. Compared to the previous period of implementing South Korea’s air quality improvement policy, changes in NOx and SOx emissions, which are combustion-related pollutants, showed a relationship with the policy’s timeline. However, non-combustion-related pollutants such as VOCs did not exhibit such a relationship. It was concluded that the related policies were not as effective in reducing VOCs as planned in the policy. By comparing the emission trends of Japan, Korea, and China, it was confirmed that Japan was the first country to experience a decrease in combustion-related pollutants emissions, followed by Korea and China. Additionally, combustion-related pollutants decreased in all three countries, whereas VOCs decreased only in Japan. VOC is a precursor material generating secondary PM_2.5 and Ozone; considering that, if relevant policies are additionally implemented to control future PM_2.5 concentrations, and to reduce emissions efficiently and effectively, Japan’s VOC reduction policies can be applied to Korea’s emission reduction policies. These results are expected to serve as important references when establishing future air quality improvement policies in Korea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-023-00013-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135350942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between human behavior and indoor air quality of private room in a care facility for the elderly in Japan","authors":"Nobuyuki Tanaka,&nbsp;Tatsuji Munaka,&nbsp;Joao Filipe Papel,&nbsp;Shun-ichi Hattori,&nbsp;Toshiya Iwamatsu,&nbsp;Teruhisa Miura,&nbsp;Fujio Tsutsumi","doi":"10.1007/s44273-023-00011-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-023-00011-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Japan, the number of elderly people in need of nursing care is increasing while the population of young people is decreasing, and the potential for labor shortages in the field of elder care is of great concern. This study aimed to estimate the behavior of the elderly by using sensors to monitor indoor air quality (IAQ), without placing undue burden on the elderly or their caregivers. Odor and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations were monitored in a private room of a nursing home in the Kanto Region of Japan, the behaviors of the resident and staff members were recorded, and the relationship between the two was analyzed. Both odor and CO₂ concentrations were higher when the resident was present than when absent, indicating that the resident was one of the main sources of indoor odor and CO₂. In addition, after the resident entered the room, the CO₂ concentration increased and remained stable, whereas the odor concentration tended to vary after the resident entered the room, first increasing and later decreasing. This suggested that the increase or decrease in odor could be used to monitor the behavior of the resident and staff members. The relationship between the slopes of odor and CO₂ in typical behavioral events suggest that if only odor increases and CO₂ does not change, the likelihood of the event in which feces were observed during diaper changes is high. In addition, based on the behavior near the sensor, the rate of CO₂ and odor emissions differed between the elderly resident and the younger staff members, suggesting that the ratio of odor slope to CO₂ slope may be greater in the elderly than in younger people. Furthermore, the repeated number of increases and decreases in odor and CO₂ suggested that multiple events could be distinguished. These results suggest that IAQ can be utilized to estimate the behavior of residents and staff in nursing care facilities for the elderly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-023-00011-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44573967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of BVOCs based on high time-resolved measurements in urban and forest areas in Japan","authors":"Yujiro Ichikawa,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Nojiri,&nbsp;Kouki Sasaka","doi":"10.1007/s44273-023-00009-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-023-00009-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) with high photochemical activity and short atmospheric lifetimes are major contributors to tropospheric ozone and other photochemical air pollution. Although several studies have been conducted on BVOC emissions in Japan, no comprehensive observations have been made to determine the actual state of BVOCs in the atmosphere. Therefore, we conducted time-resolved measurements of atmospheric BVOCs in urban and forested areas throughout the year. The concentrations of BVOCs were higher in summer than in the other seasons. Isoprene concentrations were higher during hours with higher temperatures and solar radiation. However, there were also months and times of the year when monoterpenes showed high concentrations, which indicates that the behavior of the BVOC components differed depending on the time of the year. The results of the propylene equivalent concentration indicated that BVOCs considerably contributed to tropospheric ozone production. The year-long observations of BVOCs in this study contribute to our understanding of the actual status of atmospheric BVOC concentrations and components and the uncertainty in the calculation results of chemical transport models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-023-00009-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41778984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}