Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment最新文献

{"title":"Microplastics and health hazards: gastrointestinal risk assessment across a multi-species perspective","authors":"Shiv Basant Kumar,&nbsp;Jey Kumar Pachiyappan,&nbsp;Sudharsanavasan Chandrasekar,&nbsp;Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Reddy Karri,&nbsp;Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy,&nbsp;Jawahar Natarajan,&nbsp;Thava Palaniami,&nbsp;Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy","doi":"10.1007/s44273-025-00068-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-025-00068-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plastic is now a globally acknowledged pollutant. The current annual production of plastic worldwide is over 400 million tonnes, of which more than 40% is contributed by single-use plastic, resulting in plastic waste. This plastic garbage degrades into finer particles termed microplastics (less than 1 mm) and nano-plastics (less than 1 µm), together known as micro-nano-plastics (MNPs). Because of their endurance, they may remain in the environment for several decades, and their low density can easily be dispersed by wind and sea waves, often traveling thousands of kilometers. Due to these characteristics, MNPs are omnipresent now. Humans get exposed to these MNPs regularly, mainly through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Huge quantities of MNPs have been reported in the ocean around the globe, and through this, they enter the seafood and further into humans. Additionally, MNPs have been detected in processed food and beverages such as beer, tea bags, and table salt. Once MNPs enter the body, they accumulate in the tissues, enter the bloodstream, and affect various cellular pathways. So, the hazard assessment results from various studies on MPs and NPs are diverse and sometimes conflicting, most likely due to the use of research models and the diversity of the MNPs (varying size, shape, and composition). Therefore, considering these parameters this review will thoroughly evaluate the possible impact of MNP exposure on the gastrointestinal system and further amplifications on human health.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-025-00068-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation and temperature-dependent emission of volatile organic compounds from a commercial swine shed in Japan","authors":"Nobuyuki Tanaka,&nbsp;Kaho Nishimura,&nbsp;Akane Miyazaki,&nbsp;Hiroshi Hayami","doi":"10.1007/s44273-025-00066-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-025-00066-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To quantify and characterize the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from swine sheds—a major source of atmospheric pollutants—this study investigated VOC concentrations and emission rates in a commercial swine facility in Okinawa, Japan, across four seasons. Average VOC concentrations at the exhaust outlet Ranged from 480 to 750 µg m⁻³ with limited seasonal variation. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), particularly acetic acid (31–38%), consistently dominated the VOC profile, followed by p-cresol, acetaldehyde, acetone, and ethanol. VFAs also made the largest contributions to both the OH radical reactivity (OHR) and ozone formation potential (OFP), indicating their significance in secondary pollutant formation. VOC emission rates (ERs) Ranged from 1.1 to 2.8 mg h⁻¹ kg⁻¹ and exhibited an exponential increase with temperature. The derived temperature–ER regression model was consistent with previous findings from other swine facilities, suggesting its broader applicability. Using this model, we estimated that annual VOC emissions from Japanese commercial swine sheds amount to approximately 10,000 tons, equivalent to 1.8% of the nation’s total VOC emissions. These findings highlight the livestock sector as a non-negligible contributor to national VOC inventories and suggest that mitigation strategies should account for animal husbandry emissions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-025-00066-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and seasonal variations in the frequency of high-concentration precipitation samples at EANET sites in Japan: 20 years of daily wet deposition data","authors":"Yuhei Kato,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Ohizumi,&nbsp;Makoto Nakata,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Sase","doi":"10.1007/s44273-025-00065-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-025-00065-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past decades, the atmospheric environment in Northeast Asia has changed dynamically. The Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) has accumulated wet deposition monitoring data through daily sampling at many sites. Daily precipitation samples may reflect air pollutant concentrations more dynamically than samples collected at longer intervals, such as weekly or biweekly. Among daily precipitation data accumulated over the 20 years from 2000 to 2019 at the 10 EANET sites in Japan, we selected high-concentration data within the top 2% range for non-sea salt components, namely H⁺, NH₄⁺, nss-Ca²⁺, NO₃⁻, and nss-SO₄²⁻, respectively. Approximately 67% of the high-concentration data were from 2005 to 2014. Thereafter, the number of high-concentration data points was limited in recent years. Most of the high-concentration data were obtained in spring (March–May; approximately 50%) and winter (December–February; approximately 31%). These results are partially consistent with the air pollution conditions in mainland China, and the high concentration phenomenon is thought to be influenced by transboundary air pollution. Trajectory analysis performed on the samples with the highest concentration data in the winter-spring season confirmed that, in most cases, air masses from the continent were transported to each site. The seasonal differences in the coexisting high-concentration components in the samples suggested that counterions of SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻ were changed from H⁺ to Ca²⁺ from winter to spring due to the transport of spring dust storm from the continent. Thus, the daily high-concentration data dynamically reflected the air mass flow in the region.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-025-00065-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggregate risk assessment of VOCs exposure in residents near Busan’s Sinpyeong and Jangrim industrial complexes","authors":"Ji-Yun Jung,&nbsp;Jong-Won Kim,&nbsp;Tae-Woo Koo,&nbsp;Joon-Young Heo,&nbsp;Cheol-Min Lee","doi":"10.1007/s44273-025-00064-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-025-00064-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to assess the aggregate health risks associated with multi-pathway exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air near the Sinpyeong and Jangrim industrial complexes in Busan, South Korea. As part of efforts to evaluate the necessity of reducing air pollutant emissions and improving air quality management, five residential areas with high population density near the industrial complexes were selected. VOCs concentrations were measured, and aggregate risk assessments were conducted considering inhalation and dermal exposure pathways. The results of the assessment indicated that the carcinogenic substances (chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, ethylbenzene, and 1,3-butadiene) exceeded the risk level of 1 × 10⁻⁵, suggesting potential adverse health effects. In the case of non-carcinogenic substances, benzene, tetrachloroethylene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene surpassed the risk level of 1, also indicating possible health risks. This study is significant in that it identifies the necessity of aggregate risk assessments by comparing the individual and aggregate risks of VOCs and identifying major exposure pathways. Based on the findings, it is deemed necessary to establish management strategies focusing on the primary exposure pathways to protect the health of residents living near the Sinpyeong and Jangrim industrial complexes. Furthermore, the results have potential value in informing broader air pollutant emission control and air quality management strategies for the entire Saha-gu district of Busan.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-025-00064-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood-level contamination and risks of child morbidity and mortality in Afghanistan","authors":"Qurban Aliyar,&nbsp;Heman Das Lohano","doi":"10.1007/s44273-025-00063-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-025-00063-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The world’s poorest communities are most affected by environmental contamination, as they often lack access to essential sanitation services. Unsafe stool disposal practices by households further exacerbate contamination in shared neighborhood spaces, posing serious health risks not only to their own children but also to children living nearby. In this study, we examine the impact of neighborhood-level contamination and other environmental factors on child morbidity and mortality in Afghanistan. We estimate logistic regression models using cross-sectional data on 32,712 children under five from the latest publicly available Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey, published in 2017. The findings show that children in neighborhoods where unsafe stool disposal is widespread face a 3.8 percentage points higher risk of diarrhea and a 1.1 percentage points higher risk of child mortality than those in neighborhoods where safe stool disposal is practiced. The use of polluting fuels for cooking increases the likelihood of cough in children by 1.5 percentage points and child mortality by 1.2 percentage points. In contrast, averting behaviors such as using non-shared toilets, improved water sources, and cooking in separate rooms or outdoor spaces significantly reduce the risks of these health outcomes. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to mitigate environmental health risks and safeguard child well-being in Afghanistan.\u0000</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-025-00063-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of low-dose radiation from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on cherry blossom pollen formation","authors":"Nobuyoshi Nakajima,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Kobayashi,&nbsp;Masanori Tamaoki,&nbsp;Mitsuko Aono","doi":"10.1007/s44273-025-00059-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-025-00059-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the impact of low-dose radiation from fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident on plants, inflorescences of Somei-yoshino cherry trees (Cerasus × yedoensis) were collected just before blooming from 2014 to 2021 at three locations: Tsushima Elementary School (TE), Tsushima Junior High School (TJ), and Namie High School (NH) in the Tsushima area of Namie town, Fukushima Prefecture. The immature pollen ratio (IPR) was examined. We modeled the annual changes in spatial dose rates (SDR) and the IPR to verify whether SDR affected the IPR. Our results showed that the low-dose radiation from FDNPP accident increased IPR in Somei-yoshino cherry trees at the study sites in Fukushima Prefecture. The relative increase of IPR was highest in the range from 30 to 60% in 2014, when the SDR was at its highest, and then decreased to 20–40% with the decline in the SDR in 2016, and remained in 15 to 35% range thereafter. The increase of IPR at the Fukushima sites over the extended period of time suggests negative impacts on pollen formation in other perennial species and accordingly long-term cumulative effects on biodiversity across the affected region.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-025-00059-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal distribution characterization and source estimation of PM2.5 components in the Ulsan Industrial Complex","authors":"Young-hyun Kim,&nbsp;Shin-young Park,&nbsp;Hyeok Jang,&nbsp;Cheol-Min Lee","doi":"10.1007/s44273-025-00058-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-025-00058-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ulsan City, South Korea, hosts various industries, including metal processing, petrochemicals, machinery, and electronics. The complex interplay of industrial activities, traffic emissions, and marine influences contributes to the formation of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). This study investigated the chemical composition and sources of PM_2.5 in Ulsan using samples collected periodically from five air monitoring stations between August 2020 and December 2023. The highest PM_2.5 concentrations were observed in areas with dense industrial facilities, such as the Onsan National and Mipo General Industrial Complexes. These areas were characterized by large-scale industrial operations, including metal processing facilities and petrochemical plants, which were identified as major pollution sources. Coefficient of divergence (COD) analysis revealed minimal differences in pollution sources between the monitoring sites, suggesting that the primary emission sources were relatively uniform across the study area. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) identified various contributors, including metal processing and smelting industries, soil dust, and sea salt particles. Elements such as Fe and Mn were strongly associated with metal processing and machining activities, whereas V and Ni, which originated from petrochemical processes, were indicators of petroleum combustion. PM_2.5 exhibited seasonal variations, with higher levels in winter due to increased heating emissions and in spring due to dust storms. The primary sources of pollution included vehicle exhaust, metal processing and smelting, and sea salt particles, with a more pronounced distribution in regions of intense industrial activity. This study provides essential information on PM_2.5 sources and emissions within Ulsan’s industrial complexes, serving as a foundational resource for air quality management and policy development in the city.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-025-00058-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing PM₂.₅ mitigation solutions based on the analysis of the relationships between PM₂.₅ concentrations and precursor factors: a case study of Hanoi, Vietnam","authors":"Long Ta Bui,&nbsp;Binh Quoc Pham,&nbsp;Tho Thi Be Cao","doi":"10.1007/s44273-025-00060-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-025-00060-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air pollution, particularly from aerosol like PM₂.₅, is a serious global issue, especially for densely populated cities such as Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. Monitoring results indicate that days with PM_2.5 concentrations ranging from 50.5 to 150.4 µg/m3, corresponding to poor and very poor air quality levels, account for 30% of the total monitored days in a year. Several decisions to reduce PM_2.5 pollution are less effective because they do not consider the distribution of emission sources of the precursors that create this pollutant. It is not uncommon for PM_2.5 pollution in a particular area, such as the center of a megacity, to result from pollution transport from other areas rather than local emissions. Therefore, solutions to reduce PM_2.5 pollution must be considered on a regional scale with consideration of the emission sources location. To achieve this goal, a new approach has been developed based on the combination of modeling and big data technology, clarifying the relationship between the spatial–temporal distribution of PM_2.5 pollution and the emission sources of its precursors. To comprehensively evaluate, meteorological factors are also considered. This approach is based on analyzing the relationship between three datasets: concentration, emissions, and meteorology, hourly on a 3 km × 3 km grid. The study results show that the four main precursors contributing to PM_2.5 pollution are CO, OC, BC, and NO_x, with respective proportions of 39.6%, 31%, 16%, and 7.6%. The analysis also indicates the contribution rates of the four main sectors: industry (<i>ind</i>), transportation (<i>tro</i>), residential (<i>res</i>), and agricultural waste burning (<i>awb</i>). Mitigation solutions focus on transitioning from old technology to green technology and limiting or eliminating environmentally polluting activities.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-025-00060-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on heterogeneous reactions of reactive oxidized nitrogen species with urban particles using iodide-chemical ionization mass spectrometry","authors":"Satoshi Inomata,&nbsp;Hiroshi Tanimoto,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Sadanaga","doi":"10.1007/s44273-025-00061-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-025-00061-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated the heterogeneous reactions of HNO₃ and NO₂ on the surface of ambient urban particulate matter, which were conducted in a Teflon bag under dark conditions. Iodide-chemical ionization mass spectrometry, a real-time mass spectrometry approach, was used to measure HNO₃ and HONO, while NO and NO₂ were measured by a NO/NO_<i>x</i> monitor and a cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy-NO₂ monitor, respectively, in real-time. In experiments examining the heterogeneous reaction of HNO₃ on the surface of the urban particles, no formation of NO and NO₂ was observed under dark conditions (initial surface concentration of urban aerosols, 8.6 × 10⁷ nm² cm⁻³), but the formation of NO, NO₂, and HONO was observed after irradiation by black lights. Since a similar phenomenon was also observed without introduction of the particulate matter, the heterogenous reaction with light was concluded to have occurred on the inner surface of the Teflon bag. In experiments examining the heterogeneous reaction of NO₂ on the surface of urban particles, HONO was likely formed on the surfaces of the urban particles, but the yield of HONO suggested that the reaction on the urban particles was less efficient than that on the surface of soot particles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-025-00061-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical properties of brown carbon aerosols in Dhaka’s atmosphere: evaluating climate forcing potential","authors":"Asfay Raihan,&nbsp;Md Safiqul Islam,&nbsp;Samiha Nahian,&nbsp;Abdus Salam","doi":"10.1007/s44273-025-00057-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44273-025-00057-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brown carbon (BrC) has a substantial impact on the earth’s radiative stability and is considered a climate-forcing agent. The concentration and optical characteristics of BrC were analyzed in ambient particulate matter (PM) of Dhaka, Bangladesh, during November–December 2019. PM samples were collected on quartz filters using a low-volume air sampler during day and night. BrC was extracted from the filters utilizing two distinct solvents: deionized water and methanol. Mass concentration and density of BrC was calculated using an aethalometer, whereas optical properties were investigated by UV–Visible spectroscopy. At night, the average concentration of BrC was 71 ± 17 µg/m³, 1.6 times higher than the daytime concentration of 44 ± 12 µg/m³. Absorbance of methanol-soluble BrC (MeS-BrC) was higher than the water-soluble BrC (WS-BrC), since BrC was extracted more efficiently in the organic solvent. This resulted in greater values for optical parameters of MeS-BrC, compared to WS-BrC. Absorption coefficient, b_abs of BrC extracted in methanol, was 1.19 to 1.51 times higher than BrC extracted in water. MeS-BrC had more scattering capacity than WS-BrC, evident from the mass absorption efficiency (MAE) values. Absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) of BrC in both the solvents was &gt; 1, which indicated the presence of UV absorbing BrC in aerosols, that may be emitted from biomass burning. Higher absorbance was noticed at a greater pH and shorter wavelength for WS-BrC, indicating the deprotonation of phenolic -OH group in BrC.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45358,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44273-025-00057-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}