IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy最新文献_第9页

Decision-Oriented Dynamic Operating Envelopes for Distributed Energy Resources via End-to-End Learning With Simulation-in-the-Loop 基于端到端闭环仿真学习的分布式能源决策导向动态操作包

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2026.3660223

Yunyi Li;Hongyi Li;Zhaoyu Wang

{"title":"Decision-Oriented Dynamic Operating Envelopes for Distributed Energy Resources via End-to-End Learning With Simulation-in-the-Loop","authors":"Yunyi Li;Hongyi Li;Zhaoyu Wang","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2026.3660223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2026.3660223","url":null,"abstract":"The large-scale exploitation of distributed energy resources (DERs) has significantly enhanced the sustainability, flexibility, and cost efficiency of distribution networks. Dynamic operating envelopes (DOEs) provide a technically reliable and practical solution to ensure operational security and facilitate DER utilization. This paper proposes an end-to-end learning-based approach with simulation-in-the-loop (E2E-SiL) for optimizing the DOEs for DERs, which merits a decision-oriented training framework with excellent reliability and computational efficiency. An input convex neural network (ICNN) model is applied to estimate the mapping relationship from bus power injection to constraint violation while ensuring the convexity of analytical expressions for critical physical quantities in DOE optimization. Based on the ICNN model, the DOE optimization problem is transformed into a fully linear form solvable within seconds. To bridge the gap between theoretical DOE formulation and practical applications, simulation software is utilized to evaluate the actual loss and guide the ICNN parameter updates, formulating a simulation-in-the-loop structure and enhancing the practicality of DOE results. A backpropagation algorithm is proposed to derive parameter gradients theoretically, which achieves efficient training and better physical interpretability. Numerical experiments validate the superiority of the proposed E2E-SiL framework, which enhances the practicality of DOE results and ensures better utilization of DERs.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"2823-2839"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

UD-CKF Based Multi-Area Forecasting Aided State Estimation for Distribution Networks: A Numerical Stability Enhanced Method 基于UD-CKF的配电网多区域预测辅助状态估计：一种数值稳定性增强方法

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3644963

Dongliang Xu;Zaijun Wu;Junjun Xu;Gang Ma;Qinran Hu

{"title":"UD-CKF Based Multi-Area Forecasting Aided State Estimation for Distribution Networks: A Numerical Stability Enhanced Method","authors":"Dongliang Xu;Zaijun Wu;Junjun Xu;Gang Ma;Qinran Hu","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3644963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3644963","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources and frequent topological changes in modern distribution networks pose significant challenges for state estimation, demanding frameworks that are not only accurate but also numerically stable and scalable. Conventional Kalman filter-based estimators often suffer from numerical instability, where the error covariance matrix loses positive definiteness, leading to filter divergence. Concurrently, distributed multi-area estimation, while essential for scalability, faces hurdles in ensuring rapid convergence and minimizing communication overhead. To address these interconnected challenges, this paper proposes a novel multi-area forecasting aided state estimation framework. The framework first employs a hierarchical partitioning method, using composite electrical distance metrics with spectral clustering and mixed-integer programming, to create weakly-coupled sub-networks. At the core of each sub-area, a numerically stable U-D factorization Cubature Kalman Filter (UD-CKF) guarantees positive definiteness of the error covariance matrix. For distributed coordination, an improved ADMM algorithm incorporating U-D factor synchronization and a wavelet-based compression scheme with error compensation achieves global consistency with significantly reduced data traffic. Case studies on the IEEE Standard Test Feeder demonstrate the proposed method's effectiveness, providing a robust and practical solution for large-scale distribution networks.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"2153-2167"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transient Model and Stability Prediction for Multi-Paralleled Grid-Forming Inverters System With Complex Interaction 具有复杂相互作用的多并联并网逆变器系统暂态模型及稳定性预测

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3645060

Cong Luo;Zhiwei Xie;Yandong Chen;Mingkun Gao;Jiawei Xie;Xiaoke Liu

{"title":"Transient Model and Stability Prediction for Multi-Paralleled Grid-Forming Inverters System With Complex Interaction","authors":"Cong Luo;Zhiwei Xie;Yandong Chen;Mingkun Gao;Jiawei Xie;Xiaoke Liu","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3645060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3645060","url":null,"abstract":"Transient instability of grid-forming inverter (GFMI) under large disturbance has attracted much attention in recent years. Existing studies have carried out comprehensive transient analysis for single GFMI system, but the research on multi-paralleled GFMIs system with complex transient interaction remains limited, particularly regarding equivalent transient model and accurate stability prediction method. For this, taking the transient interaction into consideration, transient equivalent model of multi-paralleled GFMIs system is newly established, where the grid-interactive path and inverter-interactive path are intuitively presented. Based on the established model, novel path-independent Lyapunov function (LF) set considering the transient interaction, power coupling, and damping dissipation is constructed for quantitative stability region estimation, which can accurately predict transient stability via the position of fault clearance point within or outside the stability region. Compared with conventional LF, the conservatism of estimated stability region is significantly reduced. Subsequently, the impact of transient interaction, damping dissipation, voltage dynamic, and the index of stability margin is defined to quantitatively represent robustness and give the guide for the design of critical parameters. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy of stability region and relevant analysis.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"2168-2179"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost-Emissions-Efficiency Tradeoff Analysis for Urban District Energy Systems With Distributed Energy Resources 基于分布式能源的城市区域能源系统成本-排放-效率权衡分析

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2026.3659144

Benedict Vergara;Payman Dehghanian;Saniya LeBlanc;Ekundayo Shittu

{"title":"Cost-Emissions-Efficiency Tradeoff Analysis for Urban District Energy Systems With Distributed Energy Resources","authors":"Benedict Vergara;Payman Dehghanian;Saniya LeBlanc;Ekundayo Shittu","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2026.3659144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2026.3659144","url":null,"abstract":"The high population density in cities makes urban energy systems critical to the sustainable energy transition. District energy systems (DESs) with combined heat and power (CHP) plants are particularly important, as these long-term infrastructure investments form a foundation for this energy transition. Integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) into DESs can supercharge local and efficient production of electricity, heating, and cooling – achieving further cost, emissions, and fuel efficiency targets. While the promising impact of adopting DERs has been studied, a method to identify how each DER improves the ability to meet multiple objectives simultaneously remains lacking. This paper formulates an energy dispatch model of a DES with a CHP plant that can integrate battery and thermal storage, solar photovoltaics, solar water heaters, and absorption chillers. We provide a meta-heuristic solution framework to identify the Pareto-candidate solution set for cost, emissions, and CHP plant efficiency that this DES can achieve. We then apply Pareto tradeoff theory to identify the optimal dispatch schedule that meets multiple objectives simultaneously and quantify how the schedule improves through the inclusion of DERs. We also quantify how a DER installation can reduce tradeoffs between objectives, so the optimal cost, emission, and fuel efficiency schedules are more alike. The proposed analysis framework is tested on two DESs in Washington, D.C., which differ in scale and building types. Additionally, we show how the presence of a carbon tax can alter the impact that DERs have on the tradeoff analysis. This work offers a methodology that helps energy managers select the best DER installations that would meet multi-dimensional targets. Moreover, policymakers can understand which existing systems must sacrifice emission and fuel efficiency for cost, then strategically incentivize a multi-faceted energy transition.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"2789-2804"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148517189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced Three-Level Operational Management of Multi-Energy Systems With Refined Dynamic Integrated Demand Response 基于精细动态集成需求响应的多级能源系统三级运行管理

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3645131

Yuxin Du;Haoran Zhao;Yibao Jiang;Mengxue Wang

{"title":"Enhanced Three-Level Operational Management of Multi-Energy Systems With Refined Dynamic Integrated Demand Response","authors":"Yuxin Du;Haoran Zhao;Yibao Jiang;Mengxue Wang","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3645131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3645131","url":null,"abstract":"The growing availability of high-resolution user-side data in multi-energy systems (MESs) highlights the urgent need for refined and dynamic modeling of integrated demand response (IDR). This paper presents an enhanced three-level operational optimization (ETLOM) framework that leverages refined IDR and coordinates three key agents—independent system operators (ISOs), energy service providers (ESPs), and demand-side users (DSUs)—to support low-carbon MES operation. At the system level, a dynamic optimal energy flow module for ISOs is developed with enhanced dynamic energy-carbon signals (DECSs) to simultaneously track energy usage and carbon emissions. At the aggregation level, multi-hub optimization modules for ESPs are constructed to capture inter-hub coupling and operational constraints. At the user level, a refined IDR responsiveness module is proposed, which accounts for the spatio-temporal heterogeneous characteristics (STHCs) of diverse DSUs. The STHC matrix is extracted and trained through a data-driven approach to reflect realistic behavioral and load variation patterns. For the first time, DECSs are embedded into both the refined IDR formulation and the objective functions of ESPs, enabling carbon-aware and responsiveness-enhanced scheduling. Case studies validate that the proposed ETLOM significantly outperforms conventional models in economic efficiency, carbon footprint reduction, and demand-side flexibility responsiveness.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"2180-2192"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148517692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced Flexible Solar Interconnection into Distribution Systems With Dynamic Asset Rating and Fail-Safe Mode Control 具有动态资产评级和故障安全模式控制的配电系统中的先进柔性太阳能互连

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2026.3660858

Md Shakil Anwar;Yazhou Jiang;Zachary Caruso;Bruce Balch

{"title":"Advanced Flexible Solar Interconnection into Distribution Systems With Dynamic Asset Rating and Fail-Safe Mode Control","authors":"Md Shakil Anwar;Yazhou Jiang;Zachary Caruso;Bruce Balch","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2026.3660858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2026.3660858","url":null,"abstract":"Avangrid piloted the first Flexible Interconnection (Flex IX) project in North America with two sites running for 4 years. Lessons learned from these pilot projects showed that solar farms can experience measurable curtailment due to overloading of grid assets based on their static thermal limits in normal grid operation and the fail-safe (FS) mode control of solar generation output during loss of communication (LOC) contingencies. To address these issues, the paper proposed two advanced Flex IX technologies, i.e., (1) dynamic asset rating (DAR) and (2) enhanced FS mode control by dynamically configuring DER controllers. DAR is to holistically update thermal ratings of grid assets, i.e., substation transformers (Xfmrs) and feeder conductors, in Flex IX by leveraging real-time meteorological measurements. Advanced short-term load forecasting based on Multivariate Linear Regression, TSMixer and Reservoir Computing has been proposed to update the curtailment configurations of Flex IX controllers when communication outages occur. These developed technologies have been validated with the data from the Flex IX sites from Avangrid. Results show that DAR reduces solar curtailment by 23.89% in the synthetic case and by 100% in the Flex IX demonstration site. And the improved FS mode reduces communication outage related solar curtailment by 76.48% in the synthetic case and by 100% for the Flex IX demonstration site.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"2857-2867"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148518567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimized Capacity and Placement Configuration for Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Hybrid Wind Farm 并网与跟随并网混合风电场容量与布局优化

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3639608

Fuyan Liu;Feifan Shen;Sheng Huang;Juan Wei;Pengda Wang;Yangwu Shen;Daojun Chen

{"title":"Optimized Capacity and Placement Configuration for Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Hybrid Wind Farm","authors":"Fuyan Liu;Feifan Shen;Sheng Huang;Juan Wei;Pengda Wang;Yangwu Shen;Daojun Chen","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3639608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3639608","url":null,"abstract":"The Grid-Forming control wind turbines (GFM control WTs) enhance dynamic stability in weak grids, and their integration with Grid-Following (GFL) control WTs in hybrid wind farm (hybrid-WF) is emerging as a key trend in future power systems. However, research on the configuration of hybrid-WF, especially the coordinated optimization of GFM control WTs capacity and placement, remains limited, and there is an increasing need for optimization methods that balance stability and economic efficiency. This study first establishes a full-system state-space model and employs the Jacobi-Davidson singular value decomposition (JDSVD) method to solve large-scale eigenvalue problems efficiently, ensuring both the precision of system stability analysis and improved computational efficiency. Next, a multi-objective optimization model for the hybrid-WF configuration is formulated, and a two-level coevolutionary algorithm (TLCEA) is developed to address the multi-objective nature. The algorithm enhances solution efficiency through a two-level computational mechanism and avoids local optima by leveraging multi-population coevolution. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimization framework effectively identifies the optimal capacity and placement of GFM control WTs in the hybrid-WF, providing valuable theoretical insights for the future planning and design of such systems.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"1999-2015"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148518570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Solar–Wind Complementarity Metrics for Enhanced Load Matching in Day-Ahead Scheduling 日前调度中增强负荷匹配的太阳风互补指标评估

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2026.3651575

Shutao Zhou;Yufeng Guo;Dazhi Yang;Junci Tang;Yihang Ouyang;Wei Xu;Dipti Srinivasan

引用次数: 0

A Novel Framework for Centralized Remote Power Smoothing as a Prospective Ancillary Service 一种新的集中式远程电力平滑框架作为未来的辅助服务

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3640949

Abdallah F. El-Hamalawy;Hany E. Z. Farag;Elyas Ahmed;Daniel Sohm;Ismael El-samahy

{"title":"A Novel Framework for Centralized Remote Power Smoothing as a Prospective Ancillary Service","authors":"Abdallah F. El-Hamalawy;Hany E. Z. Farag;Elyas Ahmed;Daniel Sohm;Ismael El-samahy","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3640949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3640949","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing integration of intermittent renewable energy sources and the large load variations introduce fast power fluctuations. These fluctuations can impact grid stability and lead to significant frequency deviations, emphasizing the need for effective power smoothing strategies to ensure reliable grid operation. This paper introduces a novel centralized remote power smoothing (CRS) framework, where smoothing facilities (SF) are located away from the sources of power fluctuations. The CRS is proposed as a novel market ancillary service that can be fully integrated within the existing automatic generation control (AGC) of power system operators. The feasibility of the CRS is evaluated in comparison to conventional on-site smoothing and increasing AGC reserve capacity. First, a real-world proof of concept is demonstrated in the electricity system of Ontario, Canada, where a 2-MW flywheel storage facility remotely smooths the output power of a 200-km away transmission-connected wind plant. Subsequently, several simulation studies are conducted on the New England IEEE 39-Bus System, using real high-resolution renewable power and load profiles with 2–second granularity. The proposed CRS achieves up to 84% of the on-site smoothing performance using only 56% of its SFs’ capacities. Yet, CRS large-scale practical implementation could be limited to 80% of its theoretical performance.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"2050-2065"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EV Grouping and Distributed Coordination to Promote EV Flexibility Aggregation for Charging Station Operation 电动汽车分组与分布式协调促进电动汽车灵活聚合充电站运行

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2026.3662387

Dongxiang Yan;Yue Chen;Yun Liu;Jizhong Zhu

{"title":"EV Grouping and Distributed Coordination to Promote EV Flexibility Aggregation for Charging Station Operation","authors":"Dongxiang Yan;Yue Chen;Yun Liu;Jizhong Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2026.3662387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2026.3662387","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles (EVs) have experienced a rapid adoption in recent years, offering significant flexibility. However, directly managing and harnessing the flexibility of a large number of EVs remains challenging for the charging station operator (CSO) due to the high computational complexity and privacy concerns. This paper proposes an efficient distributed coordination method that incentivizes EVs participation in CSO operation while preserving privacy and scalability. We propose an EV aggregate flexibility fast evaluation model, where EVs are partitioned into several smaller groups based on their arrival and departure times. This enables efficient evaluation of aggregate flexibility by the EV aggregator (EVA). Distributionally robust chance constraint is introduced to account for uncertain arrival and departure times, ensuring reliable aggregate flexibility evaluation. A distributed algorithm is implemented to optimize EVA and CSO operations while fairly allocating benefit independently. A filtering mechanism is introduced to reduce communication overhead during iterative decision-making. The proposed coordination and benefit allocation mechanism ensures cost reductions for both the system and individual participants, enhancing EVA participation incentives. Case studies validate the effectiveness of our model and algorithm in achieving scalable and incentive EV flexibility management.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"2911-2925"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0