Race and Justice最新文献_第9页

Does Police Stop and Search Make Everyone Feel Safe? Evidence From the United States 警察拦截和搜查能让每个人都感到安全吗？来自美国的证据

IF 2.1 3区社会学

Race and Justice Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/21533687211023576

Dhanakorn Mulaphong, Sutham Cheurprakobkit

引用次数: 2

Heritage Not Hate? Confederate Flag Supporters Less Likely to Perceive Criminal Injustice, More Likely to View Police as Friends 遗产而非仇恨？邦联旗帜支持者不太可能认为刑事不公正，更可能将警察视为朋友

IF 2.1 3区社会学

Race and Justice Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/21533687211023574

A. Updegrove, Maisha N. Cooper, Jared Dmello

{"title":"Heritage Not Hate? Confederate Flag Supporters Less Likely to Perceive Criminal Injustice, More Likely to View Police as Friends","authors":"A. Updegrove, Maisha N. Cooper, Jared Dmello","doi":"10.1177/21533687211023574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21533687211023574","url":null,"abstract":"Although the post-civil rights era has motivated many people to avoid appearing racist, they may still be unwilling to relinquish privileges derived from the U.S. racial hierarchy. Because the Confederacy fought to preserve slavery, which upheld this hierarchy, support for the Confederate flag may serve as a proxy measure for individuals’ commitment to maintaining privileges stemming from structural racism. Moreover, given that the modern legal system upholds this same racial hierarchy through anti-Black discrimination, individuals who prioritize protecting their privilege may soothe the guilt they feel for benefiting from structural racism by convincing themselves the legal system treats everyone equally. Similarly, because flag supporters identify with the symbol of a failed nation that considered northern states to have insufficiently policed Black people, they may view police as protectors of the racial hierarchy. Hypotheses were tested using randomly sampled CBS News national poll data. As anticipated, flag supporters were 66% less likely to perceive anti-Black criminal justice system bias, 60% less likely to perceive anti-Black police bias, 34% less likely to consider racial profiling widespread, and 55% more likely to view police as friends.","PeriodicalId":45275,"journal":{"name":"Race and Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/21533687211023574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44241574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Disproportionate Minority Contact: An Expanded Examination of how Threat of Violent and Sexual Offending Impacts Court Outcomes 不成比例的少数民族接触:如何暴力和性犯罪的威胁影响法院结果的扩展检查

IF 2.1 3区社会学

Race and Justice Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1177/21533687211032315

R. Fix, Amanda M. Fanniff, J. Kline, Elizabeth J. Letourneau

{"title":"Disproportionate Minority Contact: An Expanded Examination of how Threat of Violent and Sexual Offending Impacts Court Outcomes","authors":"R. Fix, Amanda M. Fanniff, J. Kline, Elizabeth J. Letourneau","doi":"10.1177/21533687211032315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21533687211032315","url":null,"abstract":"Racial disparities in the U.S. juvenile justice system appear to be attenuated for people with sexual and violent versus drug and property offenses. Existing theories such as the racial threat hypothesis partially explain these racial disparities, but the definition of “threat” could limit our ability to explain juvenile justice outcomes across offense categories. Importantly, research often overlooks the different and unique threats associated with violent and sexual crimes. The present study examined impacts of racial threat and an expanded definition of “threat” associated with violent and sexual crime on (a) preadjudication detention and (b) dispositions of postadjudication confinement. Statewide archival court data were obtained regarding 212,274 male and female adolescents. In the full models, less severe violent (assault vs. homicide) and sexual offenses (indecent exposure and child pornography vs. sexual abuse) were associated with lower use of detention and secure confinement. This impact of specific violent and sexual offenses on court outcomes were observed in models run with Black adolescents and models separated by violent offenses and sexual offenses. Higher rates of county-level homicide prosecutions and White-to-Black unemployment were significantly and positively associated with detention and confinement, respectively. Racial threat and other theories aiming to explain racial disparities should be reexamined and modified to include markers of violent and sexual offense stigma and threat. Further, models testing racial disparities should include an expanded definition of “threat” in selecting indicators. Our suggested modified theory could better elucidate racial disparities in the juvenile justice system and presents important practice implications.","PeriodicalId":45275,"journal":{"name":"Race and Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/21533687211032315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47151358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

In Search of a Critical Mass: Do Black Lives Matter in Criminology and Criminal Justice Programs? 寻找临界质量:黑人的生命在犯罪学和刑事司法项目中重要吗?

IF 2.1 3区社会学

Race and Justice Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/21533687211015950

Rodney K. Brunson, Eric A. Stewart

引用次数: 4

“No CAP”: Reflections on the Intersectionality, Positionality and the Experiences of Navigating Race as a Black Male Criminologist “无CAP”:对黑人男性犯罪学家的交叉性、定位性和种族导航经验的思考

IF 2.1 3区社会学

Race and Justice Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/21533687211011211

Joseph B. Richardson

{"title":"“No CAP”: Reflections on the Intersectionality, Positionality and the Experiences of Navigating Race as a Black Male Criminologist","authors":"Joseph B. Richardson","doi":"10.1177/21533687211011211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21533687211011211","url":null,"abstract":"The arrest of respected Black professor and scholar Henry Louis Gates, Jr., by the Cambridge Police Department in 2009 for allegedly breaking into his own home proverbially “set the table” for this discussion. Following his arrest, Gates noted: “There are one million black men in jail in this country and last Thursday I was one of them. This is outrageous and this is how poor black men across the country are treated every day in the criminal justice system. It’s one thing to write about it, but altogether another to experience it.” Regardless of social class or occupational prestige, Black professors at predominately White institutions are subjected to hyper-surveillance and racially bias policing in public spaces on campus. Using intersectionality and positionality as conceptual frameworks, this paper describes the lived experiences of a Black professor and criminologist at a predominately White institution and his encounters with the university’s police department and the carceral state. Using Armour’s (2020) N*gga Theory, which is framed by Critical Race Theory, I analyze the relationship between race, class, unequal justice, and the politics of respectability. I use Armour’s N*gga Theory (2020) to show solidarity between those vilified as a “crime prone” Black underclass, and the less “crime prone” Black bourgeoisie. Although, the Black bourgeoisie in the academy may embrace the politics of respectability, according to N*gga Theory there is no moral or political distinction between the those considered good Negroes and those considered bad.","PeriodicalId":45275,"journal":{"name":"Race and Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/21533687211011211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49028961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

It’s the Same Old Song 这是同一首老歌

IF 2.1 3区社会学

Race and Justice Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/21533687211015953

Vernetta D. Young

引用次数: 0

Ethnocultural Empathy and Racial Colorblindness Among White Police Recruits: Do Cross-Racial Friendships Matter? 白人警察新兵的民族文化同理心和种族色盲:跨种族友谊重要吗?

IF 2.1 3区社会学

Race and Justice Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/21533687211021051

B. A. Lee, H. Neville, Michael D Schlosser, M. Valgoi, S. Cha-Jua

引用次数: 1

Structural Racism and Criminal Violence: An Analysis of State-Level Variation in Homicide 结构性种族主义与犯罪暴力:对杀人案件州际差异的分析

IF 2.1 3区社会学

Race and Justice Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/21533687211015287

James D. Unnever, Brian J. Stults, S. Messner

引用次数: 4

“Blacks Can’t Jump”: The Racialization of Transit Police Responses to Fare Evasion “黑人跳不起来”:交通警察对逃票行为的种族化反应

IF 2.1 3区社会学

Race and Justice Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/21533687211007548

Talisa J. Carter, Lallen T. Johnson

{"title":"“Blacks Can’t Jump”: The Racialization of Transit Police Responses to Fare Evasion","authors":"Talisa J. Carter, Lallen T. Johnson","doi":"10.1177/21533687211007548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21533687211007548","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates that racially disparate fare evasion citation outcomes are the product of racialized social systems that allow transit police officers to determine the belongingness of Black riders in systems of mass transit. Using citation data from the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, we test the impact of race and place attributes on transit officer decisions to allocate punishment for subway fare evasion using mixed effects logistic regression controlling for individual and contextual predictors. Although rider racial identity alone proves statistically irrelevant, Black riders suspected of fare evasion possess an elevated risk for being fined as opposed to merely being warned at stations located within predominately white neighborhoods and as stations increase in ridership. These findings demonstrate how transit police officer discretion challenges Black belongingness on systems of public transportation. Broader implications of this work include the importance of scholarship linking statistical disparities to organizational intent and integrating diverse voices in policing policy development.","PeriodicalId":45275,"journal":{"name":"Race and Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/21533687211007548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45330089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Race and Incarceration: The Representation and Characteristics of Black People in Provincial Correctional Facilities in Ontario, Canada 种族与监禁：加拿大安大略省省级惩教机构中黑人的代表性和特征

IF 2.1 3区社会学

Race and Justice Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/21533687211006461

Akwasi Owusu-Bempah, Maria Jung, Firdaous Sbaï, A. Wilton, F. Kouyoumdjian

{"title":"Race and Incarceration: The Representation and Characteristics of Black People in Provincial Correctional Facilities in Ontario, Canada","authors":"Akwasi Owusu-Bempah, Maria Jung, Firdaous Sbaï, A. Wilton, F. Kouyoumdjian","doi":"10.1177/21533687211006461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21533687211006461","url":null,"abstract":"Racially disaggregated incarceration data are an important indicator of population health and well-being, but are lacking in the Canadian context. We aimed to describe incarceration rates and proportions of Black people who experienced incarceration in Ontario, Canada during 2010 using population-based data. We used correctional administrative data for all 45,956 men and 6,357 women released from provincial correctional facilities in Ontario in 2010, including self-reported race data. Using 2006 Ontario Census data on the population size for race and age categories, we calculated and compared incarceration rates and proportions of the population experiencing incarceration by age, sex, and race groups using chi-square tests. In this first Canadian study presenting detailed incarceration rates by race, we found substantial over-representation of Black men in provincial correctional facilities in Ontario. We also found that a large proportion of Black men experience incarceration. In addition to further research, evidence-based action is needed to prevent exposure to criminogenic factors for Black people and to address the inequitable treatment of Black people within the criminal justice system.","PeriodicalId":45275,"journal":{"name":"Race and Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/21533687211006461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45530333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3