Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"A Haunted Landscape and Its Drained Souls","authors":"Çiğdem Atakuman","doi":"10.1558/JMA.19473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.19473","url":null,"abstract":"Although the ultimate aim of the dominant heritage discourse and practice is to preserve culture in a way that contributes to peace and human prosperity, its paradoxical outcome has been to erase the variety of ways that people can relate to the past and to normalize ethnic and religious conflicts as well as globally deepening inequalities of class, race and gender. In this context, searching for civilization in the past has become an increasingly irrational activity, specifically in geopolitically important zones such as the Middle East and Turkey, where millions of immigrants, along with numerous minorities and economically impoverished populations, are currently denied access to the living standards of modern civilization. This paper aims to highlight these paradoxes inherent in the dominant heritage discourse and practice through the example of a recent heritage awareness-raising and capacity-building project, Safeguarding Archaeological Assets of Turkey (SARAT). Furthermore, based on two ethnographic case studies of treasure hunting from Turkey and Greece, it is also argued that the past is embodied in our questions of who we are and in our difficulties of belonging in today’s social landscape. Heritage, therefore, will continue to be in conflict and danger, unless people come to understand that they relate to the past in a variety of ways as regards the very core of the thick history of world politics.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"33 1","pages":"242-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44777604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bioarchaeology of Migration in the Ancient Mediterranean","authors":"T. Leppard, C. Esposito, M. Esposito","doi":"10.1558/JMA.18784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.18784","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean is often regarded as characterized by high levels of human mobility and migration, which are in turn considered to have driven large-scale cultural effects. However, this supposition is problematic, in that it relies on various types of proxy for human movement, rather than on direct bioarchaeological evidence. Accordingly, in this study we attempt to quantify diachronic Mediterranean mobility and migration by undertaking the first meta-analysis of the burgeoning radiogenic isotope datasets now available from the Mediterranean. We gathered 87Sr/ 86Sr data derived from funerary populations from the Neolithic to the late Roman period. We imposed a data-hygiene regime, discarding low-quality, methodologically idiosyncratic, or other potentially erroneous data; this resulted in a cleansed and trimmed dataset (n = 899). Within this dataset, we find that mean rates of post-juvenile migration are relatively low. Utilizing the methodologies specific to individual studies, the mean nonlocal rate is 9.57%. Imposing a standard methodology on the most statistically robust data (resulting in n = 702) allows us to recompute a mean nonlocal rate of 5.84%. In both the data as originally reported and as recomputed, we detect comparatively higher levels of migration in the period 7000–3500 BC, followed by decreasing levels of migration in the later Holocene. We discuss the implications of these results for how we understand longterm cultural and behavioral change in the Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"33 1","pages":"211-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42866423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Absence or Absence of Evidence?","authors":"Sonja Kačar","doi":"10.1558/JMA.19471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.19471","url":null,"abstract":"The last hunter-gatherers of the central and western Mediterranean are associated with the Castelnovian technocomplex, which developed during the seventh millennium BC and is characterized mainly by its lithic industries, which reflect important changes that occurred during the Late Mesolithic: debitage from this time is oriented towards blade production by pressure-flaking and the manufacture of special tools, such as trapezes (made by the microburin technique) and notched blades. Although rare, Castelnovian sites have been identified in the wider Adriatic region of south-central Italy, Albania, Montenegro and the Italian and Slovenian Karst. However, it seems that the Croatian coast and its hinterland in the eastern Adriatic lack any traces. No sites were found in Dalmatia and only a few questionable surface finds come from Istria. This study explores whether this absence is due to historical factors, such as depopulation during the Late Mesolithic or the region being outside the Castelnovian expansion route, or whether it is because of a combination of taphonomic causes (such as loss of sites by marine transgression) and lack of previous research. The paper also focuses on the hypothesis that the presence of the last hunter-gatherers can be detected indirectly through the persistence of Castelnovian elements in the oldest Neolithic Impressed Ware assemblages of the eastern Adriatic. I further propose that Castelnovian traits are observable in the Impressed Ware assemblages of Istria. This Mesolithic tradition consists of the use of local flint, blade production by indirect percussion and ‘simpler’ forms of pressure flaking in lithic production, while marine resources remain an important food resource.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"33 1","pages":"160-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44788276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"A. B. Knapp, J. Cherry, Peter van Dommelen, N. Terrenato, C. Knappett, J. Sanmartí","doi":"10.1558/jmea.v25i2.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jmea.v25i2.129","url":null,"abstract":"A. Bernard Knapp, John F. Cherry and Peter van Dommelen introduce this Silver Anniversary issue of JMA to celebrate 25 years of its publication (1988-2012). Nicola Terrenato, Carl Knappett and Joan Sanmartí also contribute their own reflections on 25 years of JMA.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1558/jmea.v25i2.129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43488213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion of Obsidian in the Northwestern Mediterranean","authors":"V. Lea","doi":"10.1558/jmea.v25i2.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jmea.v25i2.147","url":null,"abstract":"The development of exchange networks over vast distances is one of the most significant characteristics of Neolithic societies. The transition to sedentary agricultural societies is often associated with a considerable increase in the quantity of goods diffused and the distances they travelled. In Europe, and more particularly in the northwestern Mediterranean region, the phenomenon attained its apogee during the period of the Chassey culture (Middle Neolithic II). In this context, obsidian originating from the Mediterranean islands (Sardinia, Lipari, Palmarola and Pantelleria) provides interesting information due to its vast diffusion into the northern African continent, the Italian peninsula, the Midi region of France and the Iberian Peninsula, thus demonstrating the practice of navigation. Numerous models have been proposed to explain this diffusion, which created relationships of interdependency between communities separated by great distances. The recent discovery of the Chassey culture site of Terres Longues in the Midi region has renewed our vision of this phenomenon and encourages us to imagine other modes for the functioning of exchange networks during this period.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47674828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeology and Dams in Southeastern Turkey","authors":"N. Marchetti, G. Bitelli, F. Franci, F. Zaina","doi":"10.1558/JMA.42345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.42345","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of dams is an ever-growing threat to cultural heritage, particularly in an age of climate change and narrowly focused development policies. In analyzing as a case study three major reservoirs in the Middle Euphrates river valley in southeastern Turkey (Atatürk, Birecik and Karkam??), we developed a Post-Flooding Damage Assessment (PFDA) to evaluate the impact of dams on archaeological sites. Our PFDA, consisting of an analysis of cross-correlations between multi-temporal Landsat imagery, geographical spatial datasets and archaeological data from surveys and excavations, provides an unprecedented detailed overview of the loss of especially significant cultural landscapes, and also highlights the limited accuracy of pre-flooding archaeological surveys and excavations. We conclude with recommendations for improving how rescue archaeological projects targeting endangered cultural landscapes are designed, with an immediately achievable target of better documenting cultural heritage threatened by dams.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"33 1","pages":"29-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43835359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viticulture in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Light of Historical and Archaeological Evidence","authors":"J. Bronstein, E. Yehuda, E. Stern","doi":"10.1558/JMA.42347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.42347","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological remains of viticulture in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (AD 1099–1291) are quite rare, and those that are present are incomplete. In contrast, textual sources show extensive evidence of grape cultivation, wine production and wine consumption. Based on integration of archaeological and historical data, the focus of this article is on characteristics of Frankish grape cultivation and wine production in the East. By doing so, its goal is to offer new interpretation and identify new questions. Coming from the Christian West, the Latins brought with them a wine culture which differed from that in the area under Muslim rule. This new attitude towards wine expressed itself in the demand for large quantities of wine for nutritional, religious and therapeutic purposes, and consequently influenced vine growing and wine making in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Through the topic of viticulture, we aim to explore the extent to which Frankish society—as a migrant society—assimilated with, borrowed from, rejected and/or influenced its new environment.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"33 1","pages":"55-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46817339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environment and Rock Art in the Jebel Ousselat, Atlas Mountains, Tunisia","authors":"Jaâfar Ben Nasr, K. Walsh","doi":"10.1558/JMA.42344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.42344","url":null,"abstract":"The Jebel Ousselat, on the eastern edge of the Atlas Mountains in Tunisia, is a semi-arid, degraded upland landscape; in many ways, it is a marginal environment. Here we present evidence from the early to middle Holocene (ca. 6200–4200 bc), a period of significant climate change in the wider region, moving from the African Humid Period towards an arid environment and the development to the south of the Saharan desert. Employing rock art and lithic evidence from across the landscape, we consider how these strands of archaeological evidence intersect and facilitate the description of human–environment interactions that \u0000were wholly different from those we see today. The interpretation of the full range of sites is underpinned by a landscape/environmental framework that considers site location and relationships with topography and hydrology. We also develop a socio-ecological approach that avoids environmental determinism but \u0000willingly accepts the role that the environment plays in contributing to the structure of human activity in a complex landscape. The art and archaeology of the Jebel Ousselat reflect complex interactions during a period of environmental, economic and cultural change. We feel that the art is not a mere reflection of food procurement but instead points to the production of complex socio-ecological relationships during a period of transition.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"33 1","pages":"3-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42622073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeology and Dams in Southeastern Turkey: Post-Flooding Damage Assessment and Safeguarding Strategies on Cultural Heritage","authors":"N. Marchetti","doi":"10.1558/jma.42346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.42346","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of dams is an ever-growing threat to cultural heritage, particularly in an age of climate change and narrowly focused development policies. In analyzing as a case study three major reservoirs in the Middle Euphrates river valley in southeastern Turkey (Atatürk, Birecik and Karkamış), we developed a Post-Flooding Damage Assessment (PFDA) to evaluate the impact of dams on archaeological sites. Our PFDA, consisting of an analysis of cross-correlations between multi-temporal Landsat imagery, geographical spatial datasets and archaeological data from surveys and excavations, provides an unprecedented detailed overview of the loss of especially significant cultural landscapes, and also highlights the limited accuracy of pre-flooding archaeological surveys and excavations. We conclude with recommendations for improving how rescue archaeological projects targeting endangered cultural landscapes are designed, with an immediately achievable target of better documenting cultural heritage threatened by dams.","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47428346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ship Losses and the Growth of Roman Harbour Infrastructure","authors":"D. Robinson, Candace Rice, K. Schörle","doi":"10.1558/JMA.42349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JMA.42349","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000This study analyses regional trajectories in Mediterranean coastal developments between ca. 200 BC and AD 200, at the time of a peak in maritime activities as recorded archaeologically through shipwreck evidence. The aim is to test the proposition that the development of harbour infrastructure should be followed by a decline in shipwrecks around coastal areas. Economically speaking, investing in harbours would result in faster and safer transhipment areas, and would enable regions to cope better with intensifying trade while the high costs of harbour infrastructure or lighthouses would be offset by the reduction in the loss of ships, and hence loss of capital. In reality, the relationship between shipwreck data and local harbour infrastructure in the ancient Mediterranean is far more complex. Here we discuss two regions, central Tyrrhenian Italy and coastal southern France. We suggest the realization of a need for the substantial development of infrastructure in order to cope with intensifying trade, a phenomenon that predates the Roman Imperial period. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Abstract \u0000The purpose of this study is to analyse regional trajectories in Mediterranean coastal developments between ca. 200 BC and AD 200, at the time of a peak in maritime activities as recorded archaeologically through shipwreck evidence. The aim is to test the proposition that the development of harbour infrastructure should be followed by a decline in shipwrecks around coastal areas. Economically speaking, investing in harbours would result in faster and safer transhipment areas, and would enable regions to cope better with intensifying trade while the high costs of harbour infrastructure or lighthouses would be offset by the reduction in the loss of ships, and hence loss of capital. In reality, the relationship between shipwreck data and local harbour infrastructure in the ancient Mediterranean is far more complex. Here we discuss two regions, central Tyrrhenian Italy and coastal southern France. We suggest the realization of a need for the substantial development of infrastructure in order to cope with intensifying trade, a phenomenon that predates the Roman Imperial period. \u0000 \u0000Keywords:","PeriodicalId":45203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","volume":"33 1","pages":"102-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46792690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}