Laboratory Phonology最新文献_第8页

The relationship between prosodic weakening and sound change: evidence from the German tense/lax vowel contrast 韵律弱化与语音变化之间的关系:来自德语元音的时态/松弛对比的证据

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2015-0002

J. Harrington, Felicitas Kleber, Ulrich Reubold, Jessica Siddins

{"title":"The relationship between prosodic weakening and sound change: evidence from the German tense/lax vowel contrast","authors":"J. Harrington, Felicitas Kleber, Ulrich Reubold, Jessica Siddins","doi":"10.1515/lp-2015-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2015-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study tests a model of sound change based on how prosodic weakening affects shortening in polysyllabic words. Twenty-nine L1-German speakers produced minimal pairs differing in vowel tensity in both monosyllables /zakt, zaːkt/ and disyllables /zaktə, zaːktə/. The target words were produced in accented and deaccented contexts. The duration ratio between the vowel and the following /kt/ cluster was less for lax than tense vowels and less for disyllables than monosyllables. Under deaccentuation, there was an approximation of tense and lax vowels towards each other but no influence due to the mono- vs. disyllabic difference. On the other hand, Gaussian /a/ vs. /aː/ classifications of these data showed a lesser influence due to the syllable count in deaccented words. Compatibly, when the same speakers as listeners classified synthetic sackt-sagt and sackte-sagte continua, they were shown to compensate for the syllable count differences, but to a lesser extent in a deaccented context. Deaccentuation may therefore provide the conditions for sound change to take place by which /aː/ shortens in polysyllabic words; it may do so because the association between coarticulation and the source that gives rise to it is hidden to a greater extent than in accented contexts.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"104 1","pages":"117 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2015-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67024936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Prosodic boundary strength guides syntactic parsing of French utterances 韵律边界强度指导法语话语的句法分析

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2015-0003

Amandine Michelas, Mariapaola D’Imperio

{"title":"Prosodic boundary strength guides syntactic parsing of French utterances","authors":"Amandine Michelas, Mariapaola D’Imperio","doi":"10.1515/lp-2015-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2015-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study tests how prosodic boundary strength (i.e., categorical differences between Accentual Phrase, AP, and intermediate phrase, ip, boundaries) per se affects the syntactic parsing of spoken utterances in French. Two forced-choice perception experiments demonstrated that French listeners use prosodic boundary strength (either AP or ip boundaries) at the end of noun phrases (e.g., La nana du sauna ‘The girl who manages the sauna’) to choose whether NPs are likely to be followed by a prepositional phrase (e.g., d’Héléna ‘of Héléna’) or instead by a verb phrase (e.g., déconseille ‘advises against’). Experiment 1 employed fragments extracted from natural speech stimuli, while Experiment 2 made use of resynthesized speech, in which fundamental frequency and durational cues to AP and ip boundaries were independently manipulated. In Experiment 1, results show that listeners prefer PP completions following AP boundaries and VP completions after ip boundaries. Experiment 2 shows that preboundary duration cues consistent with the presence of an AP boundary successfully guide listeners to prefer PP completions, while both fundamental frequency and duration cues consistent with an ip boundary are necessary to induce VP completions. We hence argue that prosodic boundary strength at the right edge of an utterance fragment influences syntactic parsing decisions in French.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"6 1","pages":"119 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2015-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67024938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

The timing of nuclear falls: Evidence from Dutch, West Frisian, Dutch Low Saxon, German Low Saxon, and High German 核坠落的时间:来自荷兰语、西弗里斯兰语、荷兰低撒克逊语、德语低撒克逊语和高地德语的证据

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2015-0004

J. Peters, Judith Hanssen, C. Gussenhoven

{"title":"The timing of nuclear falls: Evidence from Dutch, West Frisian, Dutch Low Saxon, German Low Saxon, and High German","authors":"J. Peters, Judith Hanssen, C. Gussenhoven","doi":"10.1515/lp-2015-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2015-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A reading experiment was designed to examine the effects of word boundaries and metrical structure on the temporal alignment of the accentual peak and the end of the fall in nuclear rising-falling accents. Participants were speakers of a number of closely related dialects and languages from the coastal area of the Netherlands and North-West Germany, covering Zeelandic Dutch, Hollandic Dutch, West Frisian, Dutch Low Saxon, German Low Saxon, and Northern High German. Our findings suggest that in no variety is the timing of the nuclear peak or the end of the fall systematically affected by the location of the final word boundary or that of the following stress. In most cases, the accentual peak was found to be stably aligned with the beginning of the nuclear accented syllable, while the end of the fall occurred at a fairly constant distance from the preceding F0 peak. These findings do not support a representation of the nuclear fall by a sequence of a high accentual tone and a ‘phrase accent’ that is secondarily associated to a postnuclear stress. In addition, we found substantial cross-linguistic variation in the overall timing of the beginning and end of the fall. One component in this variation is a geographically gradient shift in the alignment of the pitch gesture.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2015-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67024987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Syllable structure and word stress effects in Peninsular Spanish nuclear accents 西班牙半岛核口音的音节结构和单词重音效应

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2015-0001

Nicholas Henriksen

{"title":"Syllable structure and word stress effects in Peninsular Spanish nuclear accents","authors":"Nicholas Henriksen","doi":"10.1515/lp-2015-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2015-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study we analyzed temporal alignment between F0 turning points and acoustic landmarks in rising (L+¡H*) and falling (H+L*) nuclear pitch accents in Peninsular Spanish wh-questions. In the research design we devised two experimental factors based on nuclear syllable configuration: syllable structure (open vs. closed) and stress position (penultimate vs. ultimate). Regarding leading tone alignment, the L point of L+¡H* displayed close synchrony with the start of the nuclear syllable, whereas the H point of H+L* was more variable within the pretonic syllable. These findings provide only partial (i.e., accent-specific) confirmation for the syllable onset anchoring hypothesis. Regarding starred tone alignment, both accents showed the same result: syllable structure did not affect alignment in words with penultimate stress. Although these findings support the principle of segmental anchoring in nuclear position, we propose that anchoring landmarks for tonal targets may constitute entire segments themselves. All in all, this work contributes to the study of intonational phonology by documenting that patterns of temporal alignment are specific to individual pitch accent specifications.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"6 1","pages":"53 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2015-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67024934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Some phonological, syntactic, and cognitive factors behind phrase-final lengthening in spontaneous Japanese: A corpus-based study 自发日语词尾延长背后的语音、句法和认知因素:一项基于语料库的研究

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2015-0011

Yasuharu Den

{"title":"Some phonological, syntactic, and cognitive factors behind phrase-final lengthening in spontaneous Japanese: A corpus-based study","authors":"Yasuharu Den","doi":"10.1515/lp-2015-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2015-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we investigated segment lengthening in spontaneous Japanese based on a quantitative analysis of a large-scale corpus, focusing on the following three locations at which lengthening frequently occurs: the final segments of (i) clause-initial preface tokens (fillers and conjunctions), (ii) clause-initial wa-marked topic phrases, and (iii) clause-final particles. Two cognitive factors, namely clause complexity and boundary depth, were precisely analyzed using statistical models that also accounted for several phonological and syntactic factors. The results showed that in addition to the reliably strong effects of some phonological factors such as the presence of a following pause and the presence of boundary pitch movement, the effects of two cognitive factors were also evident. The way in which lengthening is related to the cognitive factors, however, varies significantly by location and token type. Lengthening of clause-final particles was affected by boundary depth, while lengthening of the topic marker wa of clause-initial topic phrases was influenced by clause complexity. Lengthening of the filler e was affected by both factors. A significant interaction between the two factors was also observed for the filler ano. We discuss the implications of these results as well as agendas for improving the current analysis.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"6 1","pages":"337 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2015-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67025003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The private life of stops: VOT in a real-time corpus of spontaneous Glaswegian 停止的私人生活:VOT在实时自发的格拉斯哥语料库

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2015-0015

J. Stuart-Smith, Morgan Sonderegger, Tamara Rathcke, R. Macdonald

{"title":"The private life of stops: VOT in a real-time corpus of spontaneous Glaswegian","authors":"J. Stuart-Smith, Morgan Sonderegger, Tamara Rathcke, R. Macdonald","doi":"10.1515/lp-2015-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2015-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While voice onset time (VOT) is known to be sensitive to a range of phonetic and linguistic factors, much less is known about VOT in spontaneous speech, since most studies consider stops in single words, in sentences, and/or in read speech. Scottish English is typically said to show less aspirated voiceless stops than other varieties of English, but there is also variation, ranging from unaspirated stops in vernacular speakers to more aspirated stops in Scottish Standard English; change in the vernacular has also been suggested. This paper presents results from a study which used a fast, semi-automated procedure for analyzing positive VOT, and applied it to stressed syllable-initial stops from a real- and apparent-time corpus of naturally-occurring spontaneous Glaswegian vernacular speech. We confirm significant effects on VOT for place of articulation and local speaking rate, and trends for vowel height and lexical frequency. With respect to time, our results are not consistent with previous work reporting generally shorter VOT in elderly speakers, since our results from models which control for local speech rate show lengthening over real-time in the elderly speakers in our sample. Overall, our findings suggest that VOT in both voiceless and voiced stops is lengthening over the course of the twentieth century in this variety of Scottish English. They also support observations from other studies, both from Scotland and beyond, indicating that gradient shifts along the VOT continuum reflect subtle sociolinguistic control.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"6 1","pages":"505 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2015-0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67025052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Informativity affects consonant duration and deletion rates 信息性影响辅音的持续时间和删除率

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2015-0008

Uriel Cohen Priva

引用次数: 25

Lexically conditioned phonetic variation in motherese: age-of-acquisition and other word-specific factors in infant- and adult-directed speech 母亲语中词汇条件的语音变化:婴儿和成人定向言语中的习得年龄和其他词特异性因素

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2015-0010

Georgia Zellou, Rebecca Scarborough

{"title":"Lexically conditioned phonetic variation in motherese: age-of-acquisition and other word-specific factors in infant- and adult-directed speech","authors":"Georgia Zellou, Rebecca Scarborough","doi":"10.1515/lp-2015-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2015-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Words produced to infants exhibit phonetic modifications relative to speech to adult interlocutors, such as longer, more canonical segments and prosodic enhancement. Meanwhile, within speech directed towards adults, phonetic variation is conditioned by word properties: lower word frequency and higher phonological neighborhood density (ND) correlate with increased hyperarticulation and degree of coarticulation. Both of these types of findings have interpretations that recruit listener-directed motivations, suggesting that talkers modify their speech in an effort to enhance the perceptibility of the speech signal. In that vein, the present study examines lexically-conditioned variation in infant-directed speech. Specifically, we predict that the adult-reported age at which a word was learned – lexical age-of-acquisition (AoA) – conditions phonetic variation in infant-directed speech. This prediction is indeed borne out in spontaneous infant-directed speech: later-acquired words are produced with more hyperarticulated vowels and a greater degree of nasal coarticulation. Meanwhile, ND predicts phonetic variation in data from spontaneous adult-directed speech, while AoA does not independently influence production. The patterns of findings in the current study support the stance that evaluation of the need for clarity is tuned to the listener. Lexical difficulty is evaluated by AoA in infant-directed speech, while ND is most relevant in adult-directed speech.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"6 1","pages":"305 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2015-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67025001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Corpus-based approaches to the phonological analysis of speech 基于语料库的语音语音分析方法

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2015-1000

Haruo Kubozono, K. Maekawa, T. Vance

{"title":"Corpus-based approaches to the phonological analysis of speech","authors":"Haruo Kubozono, K. Maekawa, T. Vance","doi":"10.1515/lp-2015-1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2015-1000","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue is a collection of selected papers from the 14th Conference on Laboratory Phonology, which was held at NINJAL (National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics) in Tachikawa, Tokyo, on July 25–27, 2014. The conference was sponsored by NINJAL with cooperation from four academic societies related to language and speech in Japan: the Acoustical Society of Japan, the Linguistic Society of Japan, the Phonetic Society of Japan, and the Phonological Society of Japan. The general theme of the conference was “Laboratory phonology beyond the laboratory: Quantitative analyses of speech produced outside the phonetics laboratory”. The papers selected for this special issue were drawn from the conference thematic session on corpus-based approaches, and present corpus studies of spontaneous speech, endangered languages, and L1 phonology/prosody. Seven articles were selected and reviewed for inclusion in the present volume. Mazuka et al. and Zellou and Scarborough analyzed corpora of infant-directed speech. Mazuka et al.’s analysis is based on a corpus of Japanese mothers’ spontaneous speech directed to their infant children and on a comparison with adult-directed speech and read speech. They use the corpus to demonstrate that a phonologically-informed analysis of infant-directed speech can reveal specific ways in which segmental and supra-segmental aspects of phonology are modulated dynamically to accommodate the specific communicative needs of speakers and hearers. Zellou and Scarborough, on the other hand, compare two corpora of English utterances, infant-directed in one and adult-directed in the other, and explore the extent to which age-of-acquisition and neighborhood density predict phonetic variability in the two sets of data. The papers by Den and Hasegawa-Johnson et al. deal with issues of statistical modeling. Using a large-scale corpus of spontaneous Japanese, i.e., the","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"6 1","pages":"279 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2015-1000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67025054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lexical function of pitch in the first language shapes cross-linguistic perception of Thai tones 母语中音高的词汇功能决定了泰语声调的跨语言感知

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2014-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2014-0016

Vance Schaefer, Isabelle Darcy

{"title":"Lexical function of pitch in the first language shapes cross-linguistic perception of Thai tones","authors":"Vance Schaefer, Isabelle Darcy","doi":"10.1515/lp-2014-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2014-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Determining the factors involved in the non-native perception of the pitch patterns of tones is complicated by the fact that all languages use pitch to various extents, whether linguistic (e.g., intonation) or non-linguistic (e.g., singing). Moreover, many languages use pitch to distinguish lexical items with varying degrees of functional load and differences in inventory of such pitch patterns. The current study attempts to understand what factors determine accurate naïve (= non-learner) perception of non-native tones, in order to establish the baseline for acquisition of a tonal L2. We examine the perception of Thai tones (i.e., three level tones, two contour tones) by speakers of languages on a spectrum of lexically contrastive pitch usage: Mandarin (lexical tone), Japanese (lexical pitch accent), English (lexical stress), and Korean (no lexically contrastive pitch). Results suggest that the importance of lexically contrastive pitch in the L1 influences non-native tone perception so that not all non-tonal language speakers possess the same level of tonal sensitivity, resulting in a hierarchy of perceptual accuracy. Referencing the Feature Hypothesis (McAllister et al. 2002), we propose the Functional Pitch Hypothesis to model our findings: the degree to which linguistic pitch differentiates lexical items in the L1 shapes the naïve perception of a non-native lexically contrastive pitch system, e.g., tones.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"5 1","pages":"489 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2014-0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67024932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33