Laboratory Phonology最新文献_第10页

Gestural reduction, lexical frequency, and sound change: A study of post-vocalic /l/ 手势减少、词汇频率和声音变化:后元音/l/的研究

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2014-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2014-0002

Susan Lin, P. S. Beddor, A. Coetzee

{"title":"Gestural reduction, lexical frequency, and sound change: A study of post-vocalic /l/","authors":"Susan Lin, P. S. Beddor, A. Coetzee","doi":"10.1515/lp-2014-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2014-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The magnitude of anterior and dorsal constrictions for laterals in /(C)(C)VlC/ words produced by eight American English speakers was measured using ultrasound imaging. The results replicate previous findings that laterals have weaker anterior constrictions when followed by labial or velar consonants than when followed by alveolar consonants. The main novel finding is that, in words with /VlClabial/ or /VlCvelar/ sequences, this anterior constriction was weaker in high-frequency words (help , milk ) than in low-frequency words ( whelp , ilk ). Although high-frequency words also showed slight reduction of the dorsal constriction, dorsal reduction was stable, small in magnitude, and not correlated with anterior reduction, consistent with alveolar reduction not being simply a consequence of overall weaker lingual constrictions in more frequent words. Acoustic measures for laterals showed that the degree of anterior constriction correlated with the frequency separation between F1 and F2: more reduced alveolar constrictions – especially likely in high-frequency words – were linked with greater formant proximity. These articulatory and acoustic patterns are interpreted as potentially contributing to the initiation and lexical diffusion of historical /l/ lenition. It is proposed that gestural reduction in high-frequency words in which the anterior gesture for laterals must be coordinated with another supralaryngeal constriction serves as a precipitating factor in /l/ vocalization and possibly (although to a lesser extent) /l/ loss.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2014-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67024863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Cognitive processing as a bridge between phonetic and social models of sound change 认知加工是语音变化和社会模式之间的桥梁

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2014-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2014-0001

J. Harrington, M. Stevens

{"title":"Cognitive processing as a bridge between phonetic and social models of sound change","authors":"J. Harrington, M. Stevens","doi":"10.1515/lp-2014-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2014-0001","url":null,"abstract":"The seven papers in this special edition are derived from the 2nd Workshop on Sound Change held at Kloster Seeon, Germany, in May 2012. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together scientists approaching the question of sound change and its relationship to synchronic variation in speech from many different disciplinary perspectives that we believe are necessary for understanding this complex relationship. The publications in this special issue are a reflection of this breadth and cover a wide range of issues, such as the influence on sound change of child speech, dialect contact, social differences, coarticulatory variation, and imitation. The studies draw upon several languages (Mandarin Chinese, English, German, Khmer, Korean, Spanish) and employ diverse experimental techniques for relating synchronic variation and diachronic change, including ultrasound measurements of the tongue (Lin et al.), acoustic and perceptual analyses of multilingual corpora (Beckman et al.), measurements of oral and nasal airflow in combination with the perceptual analysis of aerodynamic variation (Sole), and computational modelling (Kirby). It has been convenient in the literature so far to draw a distinction between the conditions that give rise to sound change as opposed to those that are concerned with its spread through the community (e.g., Ohala 1993). A classic issue within the first of these is phonologization (Hyman 1976), which can often be related synchronically to a change in the way that the multiple features which cue a phonological distinction are parsed in the speech signal. Four papers in this special issue address this issue. In Kirby’s study, phonologization arises when laryngeal features (primarily fundamental frequency) and/or voice onset time take over from a trill in distinguishing pairs such as /kru:, ku:/ in the colloquial Phnom Penh variety of Khmer. The phonetic basis of this change is likely to be a drop in fundamental frequency","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2014-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67024861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Pre-aspiration, quantity, and sound change 预吸，数量和声音变化

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2014-0015

M. Stevens, Ulrich Reubold

引用次数: 13

Sound change in an urban setting: Category instability of the palatal fricative in Berlin 城市环境中的声音变化:柏林腭摩擦音的类别不稳定性

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2014-0005

Stefanie Jannedy, Melanie Weirich

{"title":"Sound change in an urban setting: Category instability of the palatal fricative in Berlin","authors":"Stefanie Jannedy, Melanie Weirich","doi":"10.1515/lp-2014-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lp-2014-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The differential categorization of identical stimuli depending on the presence of a prime is described as a perceptual divergence effect. We examined whether native listeners of the Berlin vernacular of German categorized identical acoustic stimuli differently in the explicit context of the names of two different districts of Berlin, assuming that listeners infer social information and linguistic stereotypes based on the names of these neighborhoods (Kreuzberg vs. Zehlendorf). All listeners categorized natural acoustic stimuli with synthetic fricatives synthesized along a continuum ranging from /ç/ to /ʃ/ as either Fichte /fɪçtə/ (`spruce') or fischte /fɪʃtə/ (1st person sg. `to fish'). This variable was chosen because many young multiethnic speakers of Berlin German pronounce /ç/ as [ʃ] or [ɕ], and this alternation is highly associated with speakers with a migrant background from Kreuzberg. Data were gathered in a forced-choice identification task, and, for a subset of the participants, reaction times (RTs) were also gathered. Results indicate a differential categorization pattern depending on (1) the copresented information, i.e., Kreuzberg, Zehlendorf, or none (control), and (2) the age of the listeners, with older listeners being more affected by the co-presented information. While older listeners categorized significantly more /ʃ/ sounds in the context of Kreuzberg than in the control or Zehlendorf condition, younger listeners rated most /ʃ/ sounds in the control condition (no added information). Results are interpreted in terms of a potential sound change in progress: the loss of the phoneme contrast between /ç/ and /ʃ/.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/lp-2014-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67024869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

Timing of German onset and word boundary clusters 德语开始的时间和词边界集群

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/lp-2014-0014

Jana Brunner, C. Geng, S. Sotiropoulou, A. Gafos

引用次数: 24

Optionality and locality: Evidence from Navajo sibilant harmony 可选性和局部性:来自纳瓦霍人和谐的证据

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2013-10-25 DOI: 10.1515/LP-2013-0011

Kelly Berkson

{"title":"Optionality and locality: Evidence from Navajo sibilant harmony","authors":"Kelly Berkson","doi":"10.1515/LP-2013-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/LP-2013-0011","url":null,"abstract":"While many phonological processes are local, consonant harmony is of interest phonologically because it can occur non-locally. Sibilant harmony in Navajo requires that sibilants within a word have matching anteriority specifications. The process is described as being sometimes mandatory and sometimes optional, but neither the statistical nature of the occurrence in optional settings nor the factors contributing to the optionality are fully understood. This paper provides preliminary investigation into these issues using the first person possessive morpheme, which is underlyingly /ʃi-/ but may harmonize to [si-]. Experiment 1, an online grammaticality judgment survey, reveals that the harmonized prefix is dispreferred in all environments. Experiment 2 presents acoustic data from three Navajo speakers: though none harmonize overtly, the spectral mean and lower bound of frication energy of the prefixal fricative are affected by the presence of [+anterior] sibilants in noun stems. The overall implication of these findings is that harmony is not only optional but is dispreferred or wholly absent for some speakers. While multiple factors are investigated, the only one that consistently affects harmony is adjacency of the trigger and target, indicating that, although consonant harmony may indeed be a non-local process, its occurrence is heavily mediated by distance. Kelly Harper Berkson: Indiana University. E-mail: keberkson@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2013-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/LP-2013-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67024791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Similarity in the generalization of implicitly learned sound patterns 内隐习得声音模式的相似性

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2013-10-25 DOI: 10.1515/LP-2013-0010

Alejandrina Cristia, Jeff Mielke, Robert Daland, S. Peperkamp

引用次数: 20

Morphological effects on the darkness of English intervocalic /l/ 形态学对英语间断音/l/暗度的影响

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2013-10-25 DOI: 10.1515/LP-2013-0015

Sang-Im Lee-Kim, Lisa Davidson, Sangjin Hwang

引用次数: 87

What determines duration-based rhythm measures: text or speaker? 是什么决定了基于持续时间的节奏测量:文本还是说话者?

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2013-10-25 DOI: 10.1515/LP-2013-0012

Anastassia Loukina, B. Rosner, G. Kochanski, E. Keane, Chilin Shih

{"title":"What determines duration-based rhythm measures: text or speaker?","authors":"Anastassia Loukina, B. Rosner, G. Kochanski, E. Keane, Chilin Shih","doi":"10.1515/LP-2013-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/LP-2013-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Differences in rhythm between languages have been often attributed to differences in phonological properties such as syllable structure. This paper uses quantitative analyses to determine whether and how popular duration-based rhythm measures depend on the phonological structure of a language. Native speakers of five languages read a large corpus of comparable texts (approximately 371,000 syllables in total). Phonological properties of each language were speci- fied as 11 variables, computed from the phonetic transcriptions. These variables were compared against published rhythm measures that captured variation in duration of consonantal and vocalic intervals. While the text-based measures dis- criminated well between languages, the values of rhythm measures overlapped substantially, showing that the languages are more alike in acoustic implementa- tion than in their phonological description. Multilevel models demonstrated that the mapping between phonological properties and acoustics is much weaker than previously assumed: linear effects of the phonological variables explained less than a quarter of the total variance in rhythm measures. Instead, speaker was the main source of variation in those measures. Rhythm, in the sense of dura- tional variability, depends far more on individual timing strategies than on the phonological structure of a language.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2013-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/LP-2013-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67024793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

First language suprasegmentally-conditioned syllable length distinctions influence perception and production of second language vowel contrasts 第一语言超分段条件音节长度差异影响第二语言元音对比的感知和产生

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2013-10-25 DOI: 10.1515/LP-2013-0014

L. Krebs-Lazendic, C. Best

引用次数: 3