Laboratory Phonology最新文献_第5页

Question Word Intonation in Tashlhiyt Berber: Is ‘high’ good enough? 柏柏尔语中的疑问词语调：“高”够好吗？

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2017-03-23 DOI: 10.5334/LABPHON.79

Anna Bruggeman, Timo B. Roettger, M. Grice

{"title":"Question Word Intonation in Tashlhiyt Berber: Is ‘high’ good enough?","authors":"Anna Bruggeman, Timo B. Roettger, M. Grice","doi":"10.5334/LABPHON.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/LABPHON.79","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the intonational marking of question words (qwords) in Tashlhiyt Berber. The first part of the study identifies a number of possible prosodic patterns on qwords as employed in conversational contexts. When they occur in a direct interrogative, qwords are marked with a rise in pitch towards a H(igh) target and a subsequent fall. By contrast, when the qword is embedded, no tonal targets occur on it. The second part consists of a detailed investigation of the alignment and scaling of qwords in utterance-initial position and in narrow focus. While the H target is consistently present somewhere on the qword, neither a local F0 maximum nor a high plateau region is characterized by stable alignment with any specific position in the segmental string. Scaling of the starting point (%L) and endpoint (H) of the rise characteristic of the qword exhibited a dependency on alignment: The rise is somewhat truncated if the peak is aligned early in the word. This study’s results shed more light on the intonation system of Tashlhiyt and support earlier findings suggesting that tonal placement in this language is prone to a typologically unusual degree of variability.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"8 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47015375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Modelling the Interplay of Multiple Cues in Prosodic Focus Marking 韵律焦点标记中多重线索相互作用的建模

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2017-03-13 DOI: 10.5334/LABPHON.78

Anja Arnhold, Aki-Juhani Kyröläinen

{"title":"Modelling the Interplay of Multiple Cues in Prosodic Focus Marking","authors":"Anja Arnhold, Aki-Juhani Kyröläinen","doi":"10.5334/LABPHON.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/LABPHON.78","url":null,"abstract":"Focus marking is an important function of prosody in many languages. While many phonological accounts concentrate on fundamental frequency (F 0 ), studies have established several additional cues to information structure. However, the relationship between these cues is rarely investigated. We simultaneously analyzed five prosodic cues to focus—F 0 range, word duration, intensity, voice quality, the location of the F 0 maximum, and the occurrence of pauses—in a set of 947 simple Subject Verb Object (SVO) sentences uttered by 17 native speakers of Finnish. Using random forest and generalized additive mixed modelling, we investigated the systematicity of prosodic focus marking, the importance of each cue as a predictor, and their functional shape. Results indicated a highly consistent differentiation between narrow focus and givenness, marked by at least F 0 range, word duration, intensity, and the location of the F 0 maximum, with F 0 range being the most important predictor. No cue had a linear relationship with focus condition. To account for the simultaneous significance of several predictors, we argue that these findings support treating multiple prosodic cues to focus in Finnish as correlates of prosodic phrasing. Thus, we suggest that prosodic phrasing, having multiple functions, is also marked with multiple cues to enhance communicative efficiency.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46731375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Prosodic Marking of Narrow Focus in Seoul Korean 首尔朝鲜语中窄焦点的韵律标记

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2017-01-05 DOI: 10.5334/LABPHON.48

Hae-Sung Jeon, F. Nolan

{"title":"Prosodic Marking of Narrow Focus in Seoul Korean","authors":"Hae-Sung Jeon, F. Nolan","doi":"10.5334/LABPHON.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/LABPHON.48","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores prosodic marking of narrow (corrective) focus in Seoul Korean. Korean lacks lexical stress and it has a phonologized association between the Accentual Phrase (AP) initial segment and intonation. In the experiment, 4 speakers read sentences including a two-item list which were designed to elicit either an L or H AP-initial tone. The durational variations, the pitch events at prosodic boundaries, and F 0 span in 32 sentences read neutrally and 64 sentences read with one of the items under focus were analyzed. The results show that the focused constituent consistently initiates a new prosodic phrase. In comparison to the neutrally spoken or defocused counterpart, the focused constituent was more likely to be realized as an Intonational Phrase (IP) in some contexts. Bitonal IP boundary tones were more likely to occur under focus than monotonal tones. In addition, in focused constituents, durational expansion particularly at the phrase-edges, expansion in F 0 span, and raising of the phrase-initial pitch were observed. On the other hand, defocused constituents were not phonetically reduced compared to the neutral counterparts. The results imply that the phonetic cues spreading over the focused constituent complement the exaggerated prosodic boundaries.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49213421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The Distribution of Talker Variability Impacts Infants' Word Learning. 说话者变异性的分布影响婴儿的单词学习

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-05 DOI: 10.5334/labphon.25

Carolyn Quam, Sara Knight, LouAnn Gerken

{"title":"The Distribution of Talker Variability Impacts Infants' Word Learning.","authors":"Carolyn Quam, Sara Knight, LouAnn Gerken","doi":"10.5334/labphon.25","DOIUrl":"10.5334/labphon.25","url":null,"abstract":"Infants struggle to apply earlier-demonstrated sound-discrimination abilities to later word learning, attending to non-constrastive acoustic dimensions (e.g., Hay et al., 2015), and not always to contrastive dimensions (e.g., Stager & Werker, 1997). One hint about the nature of infants' difficulties comes from the observation that input from multiple talkers can improve word learning (Rost & McMurray, 2009). This may be because, when a single talker says both of the to-be-learned words, consistent talker's-voice characteristics make the acoustics of the two words more overlapping (Apfelbaum & McMurray, 2011). Here, we test that notion. We taught 14-month-old infants two similar-sounding words in the Switch habituation paradigm. The same amount of overall talker variability was present as in prior multiple-talker experiments, but male and female talkers said different words, creating a gender-word correlation. Under an acoustic-similarity account, correlated talker gender should help to separate words acoustically and facilitate learning. Instead, we found that correlated talker gender impaired learning of word-object pairings compared with uncorrelated talker gender-even when gender-word pairings were always maintained in test-casting doubt on one account of the beneficial effects of talker variability. We discuss several alternate potential explanations for this effect.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7351124/pdf/nihms-1605618.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38144588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Kinematic Study of Prosodic Structure in Articulatory and Manual Gestures: Results from a Novel Method of Data Collection. 发音和手势韵律结构的运动学研究:一种新的数据收集方法的结果。

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-13 DOI: 10.5334/labphon.75

Jelena Krivokapić, Mark K Tiede, Martha E Tyrone

{"title":"A Kinematic Study of Prosodic Structure in Articulatory and Manual Gestures: Results from a Novel Method of Data Collection.","authors":"Jelena Krivokapić, Mark K Tiede, Martha E Tyrone","doi":"10.5334/labphon.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.75","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of this work is to examine prosodic structure as expressed concurrently through articulatory and manual gestures. Specifically, we investigated the effects of phrase-level prominence (Experiment 1) and of prosodic boundaries (Experiments 2 and 3) on the kinematic properties of oral constriction and manual gestures. The hypothesis guiding this work is that prosodic structure will be similarly expressed in both modalities. To test this, we have developed a novel method of data collection that simultaneously records speech audio, vocal tract gestures (using electromagnetic articulometry) and manual gestures (using motion capture). This method allows us, for the first time, to investigate kinematic properties of body movement and vocal tract gestures simultaneously, which in turn allows us to examine the relationship between speech and body gestures with great precision. A second goal of the paper is thus to establish the validity of this method. Results from two speakers show that manual and oral gestures lengthen under prominence and at prosodic boundaries, indicating that the effects of prosodic structure extend beyond the vocal tract to include body movement.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35100284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Phonetic Distinctiveness vs. Lexical Contrastiveness in Non-Robust Phonemic Contrasts 非稳健音位对比中的语音独特性与词汇对比

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.5334/LABPHON.17

Margaret E. L. Renwick, D. Robert Ladd

引用次数: 29

Perceptual Associations Between Words and Speaker Age 词汇感知与说话人年龄的关系

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2016-12-21 DOI: 10.5334/LABPHON.33

Jonny Kim

{"title":"Perceptual Associations Between Words and Speaker Age","authors":"Jonny Kim","doi":"10.5334/LABPHON.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/LABPHON.33","url":null,"abstract":"Recognition proficiency was measured in a lexical decision experiment using Korean words including ones that are stereotypically associated with younger or older people. Both accuracy rates and response times were significantly improved when a word was spoken in a voice whose age matched the age category of the word based on stereotype-based age rating. Accuracy rates were also significantly improved when a word was spoken in a voice whose age matched the frequency-based age category, although the effect on response times was marginal. The results are discussed in the context of an exemplar-based account incorporating social exemplar activation. First, the activation of social information is influenced by distributional properties of lexical use across social groups, indicating that social information of speakers is not only linked to sub-lexical representations as shown in previous studies, but also directly linked to lexical representations through social indices. Furthermore, the presence of an additional effect of stereotypes expands our understanding of the speech perception mechanism, suggesting that the social indices are enhanced by stereotypical associations between words and age categories. When listening to words with a wide spectrum of age-related variability, word-stereotypes activate social information, guiding to the lexical representations via social indices.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"7 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70691292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

French Speech Segmentation in Liaison Contexts by L1 and L2 Listeners 母语和二语听者在联系语境下的法语语音分割

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2016-11-25 DOI: 10.5334/LABPHON.59

Erin N. Gustafson, A. Bradlow

{"title":"French Speech Segmentation in Liaison Contexts by L1 and L2 Listeners","authors":"Erin N. Gustafson, A. Bradlow","doi":"10.5334/LABPHON.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/LABPHON.59","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we consider how native status and signal degradation influence French listeners’ segmentation of an incoming speech stream containing liaison , a phonological process that misaligns word and syllable boundaries. In particular, we investigate how both first language (L1) and second language (L2) French listeners compensate for the syllable-word misalignment associated with liaison while segmenting French speech, and whether compensation-for-liaison strategies differ with decreasing signal-to-noise ratios. We consider the degree to which listeners rely on lexical knowledge, acoustic-phonetic cues, and distributional information to accomplish this compensation. Listeners completed a word identification task in which they heard adjective-noun sequences with or without liaison and were presented with the word or nonword alternatives for each noun that would result depending on whether the listener did or did not compensate for liaison. Results showed that both L1-French and L2-French listeners generally preferred lexically acceptable parses over those that resulted in a stranded nonword, and both groups gave significantly fewer lexically acceptable parses under harder listening conditions. However, the L2-French listeners demonstrated a pattern of boundary placement that indicated over-compensation for liaison, suggesting that they had successfully acquired, but not fully constrained, rules about liaison.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70691853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Stress Effects on Stop Bursts in Five Languages 五种语言中重音对停顿停顿的影响

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2016-11-11 DOI: 10.5334/LABPHON.38

M. Tabain, G. Breen, A. Butcher, A. Jukes, R. Beare

{"title":"Stress Effects on Stop Bursts in Five Languages","authors":"M. Tabain, G. Breen, A. Butcher, A. Jukes, R. Beare","doi":"10.5334/LABPHON.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/LABPHON.38","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of stress on the stop burst in five languages differing in number of places of articulation, as reflected in burst duration, spectral centre of gravity, and spectral standard deviation. The languages studied are English (three places of articulation /p t k/), the Indonesian language Makasar (four places /p t c k/), and the Central Australian languages Pitjantjatjara, Warlpiri (both five places /p t ʈ c k/), and Arrernte (six places /p t t ʈ c k/). We find that languages differ in how they manifest stress on the consonant, with Makasar not showing any effect of stress at all, and Warlpiri showing an effect on burst duration, but not on the spectral measures. For the other languages, the velar /k/ has a “darker” quality (i.e., lower spectral centre of gravity), and/or a less diffuse spectrum (i.e., lower standard deviation) under stress; while the alveolar /t/ has a “lighter” quality under stress. In addition, the dental /t/ has a more diffuse spectrum under stress. We suggest that this involves enhancement of the features [grave] and [diffuse] under stress, with velars being [+grave] and [–diffuse], alveolars being [–grave], and dentals being [+diffuse]. We discuss the various possible spectral effects of enhancement of these features. Finally, in the languages with five or six places of articulation, the stop burst is longer only for the palatal /c/ and the velar /k/, which have intrinsically long burst durations, and not for the anterior coronals /t t ʈ/, which have intrinsically short burst durations. We suggest that in these systems, [burst duration] is a feature that separates these two groups of consonants.","PeriodicalId":45128,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Phonology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70691336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Correction: Analysis of Intonation: the Case of MAE_ToBI 纠正:语调分析:以MAE_ToBI为例

IF 1.5 2区文学

Laboratory Phonology Pub Date : 2016-11-08 DOI: 10.5334/LABPHON.60

C. Gussenhoven

引用次数: 2