Science and Technology Studies最新文献

{"title":"Facilitating the Movement of Knowledge in Occupational Health Services","authors":"Hannah Grankvist","doi":"10.23987/sts.113419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.113419","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the establishment and maintenance of structures and relationships within interorganizational collaborations, specifically focusing on occupational health services in Sweden. It investigates how these collaborations are adjusted to existing structures to facilitate the movement of knowledge. The study draws attention to the gaps or seams (Vertesi, 2014) that arise when occupational health services providers and employers have different interests and objectives concerning occupational health and safety and explores the continuous and often unnoticed relational work (Zelizer, 2012) undertaken by occupational health services providers to make their expertise and services relevant and appealing to customers and employers. This article contributes to the ongoing discussion on alignment work (Kruse, 2021, 2023) by highlighting its current limitations and underscoring the importance of relational work in creating the necessary conditions for moving knowledge.","PeriodicalId":45119,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elliott Anthony (2023) Algorithmic Intimacy. The Digital Revolution in Personal Relationships","authors":"Paul Trauttmansdorff","doi":"10.23987/sts.126958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.126958","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithmic Intimacy, as Anthony Elliott claims, is not another contribution to the “soaring studies of the AI revolution” (2023: 1). Admittedly, this initial confession somehow strikes a chord as it has become increasingly difficult to keep track of such a prominent theme in the social sciences. A wide range of work in fields such as science and technology studies, sociology, political sciences, or communication studies now deals with the dangers, risks, benefits, or opportunities of different phenomena often subsumed under AI. The increasing attention to machine learning technologies in our everyday lives is not surprising—given the massive investments in AI by international corporations or the design of entire national strategies in which states project AI to build geopolitical futures (Bareis and Katzenbach, 2022). The difficulty of AI in public discourse lies in the combination of fuzziness, overuse, and its presumed technological power, which often clouds this notion with mystery or fear. The “Digital Revolution” is brimming with buzzwords; AI has long become its most prominent one. Algorithmic Intimacy carefully avoids any mysteries, but neither does it downplay the transformative potential of machine learning technologies. The book describes the recent proliferation of automated and predictive algorithms that mediate our intimate ways of being with others. It aims to carve out elements for a critical social theory of intimacy in our digitized life. How are social bonds and interactions experienced and negotiated in the human-machine interfaces that connect people? How do algorithmic technologies shape our longing or desires to build ties to and with others? It is a reasonable starting point to explore these questions with the book’s somewhat counterintuitive title—Algorithmic Intimacy, which challenges some common assumptions about the nature of algorithms and human togetherness. While social intimacy seems to evoke physical proximity, personal experience, and emotional encounters, algorithms, by contrast, appear concealed or invisible, virtual, and mechanistic. What are the implications of considering intimate social relationships “in the face of machine-learning predictive algorithms and the emergent variety of intimate connections modeled in the image of computational code” (Elliott, 2023: 12)? The book begins with two conceptually oriented chapters that lay out how algorithmic technology and automated platforms are transforming what sociologists once identified as the social cornerstones of intimate life: face-toface interaction, lasting togetherness, profound knowledge of one another, sometimes also confidentiality. Elliott then proceeds by examining three main domains in which intimacy is algorithmically reconfigured and which form the book’s main structure: “Relationship Tech,” “Therapy Tech,” and “Friendship Tech.” Each chapter presents several examples of how technological products shape the intimate feelings of togetherness and ","PeriodicalId":45119,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135393845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"West Darrel M and Allen John R (2020) Turning Point: Policymaking in the Era of Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Pedro Robles, Daniel Mallinson","doi":"10.23987/sts.125194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.125194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45119,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135393847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Should We Stay or Should We Go now?”","authors":"Karen Kastenhofer, Niki Vermeulen","doi":"10.23987/sts.113479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.113479","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we focus on a special feature of science and technology studies: the trajectories of our engagement with ‘emerging technosciences’. Many of us entertain close links to a particular group of scientists; our scholarly careers and identities build around thematic specialisations, trans-field collaborations and convivialities. But more often than not, such engagement does not last a whole career. With every new technoscientific hype, scholars are pressed to ‘move on’, to disengage from one field and re-engage with another. It thus seems warranted to explicitly reflect on the temporal patterns of dis/engagement and to look at possible ramifications for individuals, collectives, and the innovation system at large. To inform such reflection, we opted for a mixed-methods approach, tracing patterns and moments of dis/engagement across various disciplines based on scientometric analysis, individual archaeologies of engagement, a qualitative survey, and a focused discussion among fellow scholars from the social sciences and humanities as well as the sciences. Our analysis brings distinct dis/engagement patterns to the fore, relating to disciplinary affiliations as well as career stages. In our conclusion, we discuss the relevance of these findings for science and technology studies scholars and technoscientists as well as for contemporary innovation regimes more generally.","PeriodicalId":45119,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135558338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Csiszar Alex (2018) The Scientific Journal: Authorship and the Politics of Knowledge in the Nineteenth Century","authors":"Juan M. Del Nido","doi":"10.23987/sts.101912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.101912","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45119,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47147141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knox Hannah (2020) Thinking Like a Climate: Governing a City in Times of Environmental Change","authors":"Britta Acksel, Dženeta Hodžić, Catharina Lüder","doi":"10.23987/sts.111092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.111092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45119,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42568508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing Emergent Technologies in the Arctic","authors":"M. Ryghaug, B. T. Haugland, R. Søraa, T. Skjølsvold","doi":"10.23987/sts.101778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.101778","url":null,"abstract":"There are great expectations around the future of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Such visions often picture vehicles that work everywhere without human interference. In this article we use empirical data from a pilot project taking place in the Norwegian Arctic to explore the place-specificity of such technologies. The case study is used to demonstrate how new configurations of emergent technologies are shaped by the places where the trial unfolds; and how insights produced through working on and with this site contribute to changing visions of AV technologies into questioning issues of transferability and scalability. In this way, the paper contributes to discussions of how pilot projects and testing of emergent technologies in the real world relates to the re-configuring of visions and expectations. The paper highlights how emerging technologies might transform societies, infrastructures, and vehicles towards more computerized configurations in ways that are not anticipated, discussed in public and therefore seldom governed.","PeriodicalId":45119,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44311913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience Distributed in the Biodiversity Science-Base","authors":"A. Mackenzie","doi":"10.23987/sts.100417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.100417","url":null,"abstract":"Critics of biodiversity science and environmental governance point to exclusion and absence of diverse experience from science-based governance, sometimes effectively dividing domains of science and experience/values. This paper, following an alternate line of thought drawn from John Dewey’s Nature and Experience, analyses a series of scientific publications on biodiversity from 1989-2020. It argues that experience abundantly populates the biodiversity science-base, although in highly distributed forms. Dewey’s account suggests that knowledge of biodiversity derives from an unanalyzed continuum of experience. Reading the publications as traces of occurrences of encounters preceding, accompanying, and sometimes deriving from knowledge, the paper locates and characterises differentiated, sometimes impersonal gradients of experience, developing a figurative model of distributed biodiversity experience. It concludes that experiential diversity occurs widely in the science-base, but communication of and participation in this experience is frequently marginalised by the primacy of knowing.","PeriodicalId":45119,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46864598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De Saille Stevienna, Medvecky Fabien, van Oudheusden Michiel, Albertson Kevin, Amanatidou Effie, Birabi Timothy and Pansera Mario (2020) Responsibility Beyond Growth: A Case for Responsible Stagnation","authors":"R. Falkenberg","doi":"10.23987/sts.102620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.102620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45119,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47225012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ialenti, Vincent (2020) Deep Time Reckoning: How Future Thinking Can Help Earth Now","authors":"Antti Silvast","doi":"10.23987/sts.102638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.102638","url":null,"abstract":"Some energy policy choices have implications for decades into the future. Some choices have impacts centuries, tens of thousands, or hundreds of thousands of years from now. How can current planners know what these impacts will be? Vincent Ialenti’s book Deep Time Reckoning: How Future Thinking Can Help Earth Now examines professionals that forecast far-future geological, hydrological, and ecological events in nuclear waste storage. His fieldsite is in Finland: a country famous for its nuclear power programme and as a host for the world’s first anticipated deep geological nuclear waste repository, called Onkalo. This is a disposal option where the spent nuclear fuel is stored deep underground inside the Finnish bedrock. Onkalo is to open in 2023-2024 and contain the nuclear waste during the hundreds of thousands of years to come. Deep Time Reckoning studies deep time: timescales that concern geological events at much greater than human timescales. Ialenti writes not primarily for an academic treatise but for the educated expert and lay publics. He presents nuclear waste disposal to facilitate learning i.e. “deep time reckonings”. Ialenti deems these reckonings crucial at a moment when societies face a dual crisis: an ecological crisis and a putative intellectual crisis, a “deflation of expertise”, which indicates a generalised mistrust of expert authority and knowledge. The Finnish nuclear management expertise and its long perspectives “the world’s most long-sighted experts” (p. xiv) offers fresh insights in this situation. The book is empirically vast, including fieldwork that lasted 32 months (2012-2014) and covered 121 informants from nuclear waste management and its public regulation to research, companies, NGOs, and politicians. As an anthropologist, Ialenti adopts the famous maxim of “following the actors” and treats his informants as “humans with dreams, hobbies, anxieties, hopes, frustrations, quirks, passions, gossip, regrets, kindnesses, and opinions” (p. 20). His observations range from offices and seminars to even free time activities (including a family summer cottage). The educational contents include exercises that form a practical toolkit in deep time thinking. The sheer amount of material is and would be impressive for any academic or popular science work. The book’s introduction focuses on the key actors: the Finnish nuclear waste management company Posiva and the radiation and nuclear safety authority STUK. Between them is the Safety Case, a repository safety assessment report that is a precondition for the government-approved construction license for Onkalo. The Safety Case becomes a main topic for the ethnographic analysis, offering a window into the far-future Finland that is produced in the myriad of technical reports that constitute it. The first empirical chapter examines a key element of the Safety Case: analogy studies, where analogies of various sorts from Finnish prehistory to modern-day glaciers in Greenland are draw","PeriodicalId":45119,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42492766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}