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Childhood Health Conditions and Lifetime Labor Market Outcomes 儿童健康状况与终身劳动力市场结果
IF 3.7 2区 经济学
American Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1086/721573
M. Flores, B. Wolfe
{"title":"Childhood Health Conditions and Lifetime Labor Market Outcomes","authors":"M. Flores, B. Wolfe","doi":"10.1086/721573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721573","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the influence that different dimensions of early life health, such as the experience of epilepsy or a significant mental, physical, or general health problem, have on numerous lifetime labor market outcomes and patterns of life cycle employment. The data we use include over 81,000 males and females from the 29 countries in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Our results show that for men, all four dimensions of early life health impose a penalty for nearly all the lifetime labor market outcomes we consider, but those with childhood mental health problems tend to do worst. These penalties are often only somewhat larger than those of men with epilepsy but more than twice and five times larger than those with, respectively, poor general or adverse physical health during childhood. Women appear less affected by adverse early life health, although we find evidence of similar employment penalties for those with epilepsy and poor general health during childhood. Our life cycle analysis is consistent but provides more insight into the timing of reduced employment and full-time employment, thereby extending earlier studies in this literature. Overall, our results highlight the potential lifetime work gains for public health policies that help to prevent or comprehensively treat poor general health, mental health problems, or epilepsy during childhood.","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"506 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49578315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Student Aid, Higher Education, and Long-Run Health 学生资助、高等教育与长期健康
IF 3.7 2区 经济学
American Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1086/721567
Barton Willage
{"title":"Student Aid, Higher Education, and Long-Run Health","authors":"Barton Willage","doi":"10.1086/721567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721567","url":null,"abstract":"Financial aid lowers the cost of higher education and improves educational attainment. Based on the correlation between education and health, one might expect aid to improve health, but little evidence exists. I use a shock in Social Security benefits that occurred in 1981 to test the relationship between aid, education, and health. Minor children of retired, disabled, or deceased parents are eligible for their own Social Security benefits, and until 1981 college-aged recipients could continue to receive these benefits conditional on college enrollment. Using difference-in-differences, I show that aid reduced women’s long-run body mass index and general health, but had no effect on men. I find that financial aid improved educational attainment for beneficiaries, which is the plausible mechanism between aid and health. Consistent with the effects on health, the educational effects are concentrated in women. Finally, I use Social Security benefits as an instrument for attending college to estimate the effect of education on long-run weight and general health.","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"549 - 579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44529855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paying Adolescents for Health Screenings Works 支付青少年健康检查费用
IF 3.7 2区 经济学
American Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1086/721571
M. Halla, G. Pruckner, T. Schober
{"title":"Paying Adolescents for Health Screenings Works","authors":"M. Halla, G. Pruckner, T. Schober","doi":"10.1086/721571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721571","url":null,"abstract":"With regard to their future health, adolescents are at a critical stage. Previous evaluations have shown that health screenings, counseling, and other intervention programs during this phase of life are important, particularly for those with a low socioeconomic background. Unfortunately, adolescents tend to have little interest in preventive programs. We designed a field experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of financial incentives to promote participation in health screenings. Our study comprises more than 10,000 participants, observed via high-quality administrative data from Austria. The treatment group received a €40 shopping voucher if they participated in an age-specific health screening. On average, the financial incentive increased the likelihood of participation by 280 percent. Treatment effects are comparably larger for children in families with a higher socioeconomic status, and of parents with a revealed preference for secondary health prevention.","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"534 - 548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43615501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
INFORMATION GAPS AND HEALTH INSURANCE ENROLLMENT: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act Navigator Programs. 信息差距和健康保险登记
IF 3.1 2区 经济学
American Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1086/721569
Rebecca Myerson, Honglin Li
{"title":"INFORMATION GAPS AND HEALTH INSURANCE ENROLLMENT: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act Navigator Programs.","authors":"Rebecca Myerson, Honglin Li","doi":"10.1086/721569","DOIUrl":"10.1086/721569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied the impact of Affordable Care Act navigator programs on health insurance coverage, using the 80 percent cut in program funding under the Trump administration as a natural experiment. Our study design exploited county-level differences in the program prior to funding cuts. We did not find that cuts to the program significantly decreased rates of marketplace coverage or any health insurance coverage by 2019; however, our estimates could not rule out marketplace coverage declines of up to 2.7 percent (point estimate -1.3 percent, 95 percent CI: 2.7 percent to 0.1 percent), or total coverage declines of up to 1.8 percentage points (point estimate -0.8 percentage points or -1.2 percent, 95 percent CI: -1.8 to 0.2). Cuts to the navigator program significantly decreased marketplace coverage and total coverage among lower-income adults, and significantly decreased total coverage among adults under age 45, Hispanic adults, and adults who speak a language other than English at home. We found no significant impact of the cuts on Medicaid enrollment (95 percent CI: -1.9 percentage points to 0.5 percentage points); most uninsured people in the states we studied lived in locations that had not implemented Medicaid eligibility expansions. These findings suggest that before the funding cuts, navigators were helping underserved consumers obtain coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"477-505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41758392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do opioid prescriptions lead to fatal car crashes? 阿片类药物处方会导致致命车祸吗?
IF 3.7 2区 经济学
American Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/718511
Michael R Betz, Lauren E Jones
{"title":"Do opioid prescriptions lead to fatal car crashes?","authors":"Michael R Betz,&nbsp;Lauren E Jones","doi":"10.1086/718511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Widespread opioid misuse suggests a potential for increased fatal car crashes. However, opioid use may not necessarily lead to additional crashes if drivers respond to opioid prevalence by substituting away from more inebriating intoxicants like alcohol. Combining data on local opioid prescription rates and car crashes from the Fatality Analysis and Reporting System, we use two-way fixed effects models to test the direction of the association between prescribing intensity and crash fatalities between 2007 and 2016. We estimate that a 10 percent increase in the local prescription rate is associated with a 1 percent increase in the number of driver deaths in motor vehicle accidents. The association is robust to several model specifications, and isolated to drivers most affected by the opioid crisis: males and 25 to 34 year-olds.</p>","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":"8 3","pages":"359-386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9997667/pdf/nihms-1856121.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9106040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Physician Competition And Low-Value Health Care 医师竞争和低价值医疗保健
IF 3.7 2区 经济学
American Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1086/718509
Anthony Scott, Jinhu Li, H. Gravelle, M. McGrail
{"title":"Physician Competition And Low-Value Health Care","authors":"Anthony Scott, Jinhu Li, H. Gravelle, M. McGrail","doi":"10.1086/718509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718509","url":null,"abstract":"Although countries have implemented pro-competitive reforms in health care to reduce costs and improve quality, there is limited evidence on the effect of competition on quality of care provided by physicians. We study the effect of competition on the provision of low-value—ineffective or harmful—health care by general practitioners (GPs). We use rich patient-level data on GP consultations in Australia and measure competition as distance to other GPs. Our study found that GPs facing more competition provide lower quality of care by ordering more imaging for low back pain and uncomplicated acute bronchitis. We find similar but smaller and insignificant effects of competition on prescribing antibiotics for coughs and colds. Competition can have mixed effects across different conditions because of differences in GPs’ beliefs and patient expectations about the effectiveness of care, as well as differences in demand, costs, and profit.","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"252 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45773279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Demand for Individual Insurance 个人保险需求
IF 3.7 2区 经济学
American Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1086/718161
Conor Ryan, R. Feldman, Stephen L. Parente
{"title":"The Demand for Individual Insurance","authors":"Conor Ryan, R. Feldman, Stephen L. Parente","doi":"10.1086/718161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718161","url":null,"abstract":"We use a novel data set from a private online marketplace to estimate the demand for individual health insurance among a set comprising many high-income households across 18 states. Households earning more than four times the federal poverty level (FPL) are willing to pay $30 to $135 per month to increase the actuarial value of their insurance by 10 percentage points, much less than households earning less than 2.5 times FPL. Higher-income households are also less likely to forgo insurance because of a premium increase. These results are important for understanding the effect of health reform proposals targeting higher-income populations.","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"275 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49248579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Particulate Matter Affect Cognitive Performance? 颗粒物会影响认知能力吗?
IF 3.7 2区 经济学
American Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1086/717922
Hyunkuk Cho
{"title":"Does Particulate Matter Affect Cognitive Performance?","authors":"Hyunkuk Cho","doi":"10.1086/717922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/717922","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the effect of test-hour particulate matter (PM10) on the college entrance test performance of 290,000 high school seniors. The data are drawn from Seoul, the capital city of South Korea, where each of the 25 districts has at least one PM10 monitoring station. The study finds that reading test scores decrease when the test-hour PM10 concentration increases. Specifically, when the one-hour average PM10 concentration is ≥75 μg/m3, reading test scores decrease by 0.13 standard deviations relative to when the concentration is lower than 25 μg/m3. The effect size is equivalent to increasing class size by six or seven students. In addition, the one-hour average concentrations measured before and after the reading test have no significant effects on the test scores, meaning that it is unlikely that other factors drive the result.","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"301 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48030290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic Hardship, Sleep, and Self-Rated Health 经济困难、睡眠和自我评价的健康
IF 3.7 2区 经济学
American Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1086/717811
Helmut Farbmacher, Maximilian C. Hartmann, Heinrich Kögel
{"title":"Economic Hardship, Sleep, and Self-Rated Health","authors":"Helmut Farbmacher, Maximilian C. Hartmann, Heinrich Kögel","doi":"10.1086/717811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/717811","url":null,"abstract":"The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) distributes vouchers for grocery shopping to around 43 million individuals across the United States to counteract food insecurity. In this study, we take advantage of the random interview day assignment of the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and the variation in voucher issuance dates across states to identify changes in self-rated health and sleep over the monthly SNAP payment cycle. We find that the economic hardship experienced at the end of the payout period causes a significant and sizable negative effect on self-assessed physical health and sleep quality. SNAP recipients were 18 percent more likely to report fair or poor physical health at the end of the payment cycle compared with the rest of the month. During this period of scarcity, recipients were also 50 percent more likely to report sleeplessness, with the number of minutes being sleepless more than doubling while total sleep duration remained unchanged. Drawing upon information on time use in the ATUS, we discuss evidence suggesting that higher levels of stress, changed eating patterns, and reduced sleep quality may be potential mechanisms of the adverse health effects. Our findings extend the literature on sleep quality as a mediator between low socioeconomic status and self-rated health in the short run.","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"216 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42078715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Effects of Opioid-Related Policies on Opioid Utilization, Nature of Medical Care, and Duration of Disability 阿片类药物相关政策对阿片类药物使用、医疗性质和残疾持续时间的影响
IF 3.7 2区 经济学
American Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1086/722981
D. Neumark, Bogdan Savych
{"title":"Effects of Opioid-Related Policies on Opioid Utilization, Nature of Medical Care, and Duration of Disability","authors":"D. Neumark, Bogdan Savych","doi":"10.1086/722981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722981","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the effects of must-access prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) and recent regulations limiting the duration of initial opioid prescriptions on care received by patients with work-related injuries, focusing on opioid utilization and medical care related to pain management. We find that must-access PDMPs contributed to declines in opioid utilization, while regulations limiting duration of initial opioid prescriptions had little effect on whether workers receive opioids, but reduced opioid use among those with prescriptions. We find some evidence that must-access PDMPs affected utilization of other medical care—most interestingly, in light of high opioid use, towards non-opioid pain medication and interventional pain management services for neurologic spine pain. We find that must-access PDMPs and limits on initial prescriptions had little impact on the duration of temporary disability benefits captured at 12 months of maturity.","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":"9 1","pages":"331 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44338747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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