Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa最新文献_第10页

Land reform, rural inequality and agrarian change: the case of Isidenge, Stutterheim, Eastern Cape 土地改革、农村不平等和土地变化:以东开普省斯图特海姆的伊西登吉为例

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Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa Pub Date : 2020-04-04 DOI: 10.1353/trn.2020.0001

William Beinart, S. Mnwana, L. Wotshela

{"title":"Land reform, rural inequality and agrarian change: the case of Isidenge, Stutterheim, Eastern Cape","authors":"William Beinart, S. Mnwana, L. Wotshela","doi":"10.1353/trn.2020.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2020.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Property ownership and social relations on the land have changed significantly since 1994 in the Isidenge Valley, Stutterheim, Eastern Cape. In part this is the product of a partially-implemented land reform scheme and in part the result of African land purchase. In this article we chart these processes and their impact on rural inequality and agricultural production. We also offer some comments on the character and outcomes of land reform. In 1994 the Border Rural Committee, working with a well-organised SANCO branch, proposed a two phase land reform project: a village settlement for over 600 marginalised tenants where they could have secure rights to land, and the purchase of a further 900 ha of land for a smallholder farming scheme in this high rainfall area. The government implemented only the first phase. This gave former rural tenants security of tenure and better access to urban services in Stutterheim. About 10 per cent of those in the settlement who have livestock have benefitted from dismantling the barriers between them and adjacent state and private land. Beyond the settlement, black private purchasers owned about 55 per cent of the Isidenge valley in 2018 – a very significant increase. However, with a few exceptions, agricultural production has not been effectively maintained and some landowners find it difficult to enforce their property rights. There have been general benefits, as well as differential benefits, from the settlement scheme and the freedom to purchase. Increased security, rights and social capacity are all elements in the resolution of inequality and socio-economic changes in the valley have enhanced these processes for black South Africans.","PeriodicalId":45045,"journal":{"name":"Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","volume":"238 1","pages":"27 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82875575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

South African land restitution and development: the capabilities approach to an understanding of the Macleantown and Salem restitution projects in the Eastern Cape 南非土地恢复和发展:理解东开普省麦克莱恩敦和塞勒姆恢复项目的能力方法

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Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa Pub Date : 2020-04-04 DOI: 10.1353/trn.2020.0002

Mzingaye Brilliant Xaba

{"title":"South African land restitution and development: the capabilities approach to an understanding of the Macleantown and Salem restitution projects in the Eastern Cape","authors":"Mzingaye Brilliant Xaba","doi":"10.1353/trn.2020.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2020.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The post-apartheid South African land reform programme meant to challenge racially based inequalities and poverty has hardly been successful in transforming the racially skewed land patterns. South African land reform debates are largely centred on the land acquisition struggles and less on post-settlement livelihoods experiences, which indicates the paucity of studies linking land restitution to human development. This paper uses the Capabilities Approach (CA) to understand the human development impact of the land restitution programme. A qualitative study was conducted in Macleantown and Salem restitution cases in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Data was analysed using the theoretically derived qualitative content analysis and the CA as theoretical lens. The paper found that these restitution projects have failed to function, leading to failure to improve the livelihoods of beneficiaries. Based on these findings, I argue that the capabilities and the agency of beneficiaries in Macleantown and Salem remain constrained in that restitution has not provided any hopes to reduce poverty and recreate the 'good' past as beneficiaries expect, which hinders beneficiaries living a life they have reason to value. Since land is a capability-enabling commodity/resource that can help to achieve different functions, this study identifies conversion factors that constrain the conversion of capabilities. I envisage that this paper will encourage relevant stakeholders on land restitution to focus largely on the developmental impact of accessing land, and the multiple meanings of land, rather than largely focusing on land acquisition struggles.","PeriodicalId":45045,"journal":{"name":"Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","volume":"20 1","pages":"49 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82703720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Medupi power station and the water-energy nexus in South Africa 南非的Medupi发电站和水能联系

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Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa Pub Date : 2020-04-04 DOI: 10.1353/trn.2020.0000

Michela Marcatelli

{"title":"Medupi power station and the water-energy nexus in South Africa","authors":"Michela Marcatelli","doi":"10.1353/trn.2020.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2020.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper discusses the political economy of the water-energy nexus in South Africa, by using Medupi power station as case study. Medupi is a huge coal-fired plant that signals the country's attachment to coal in the face of the African National Congress' repeated commitments to a low-carbon, just transition. Although Medupi's water consumption is much lower than that of older power stations, the plant still needs massive amounts of water for its operations. For this reason, the state is building a new water infrastructure based on an inter-basin transfer scheme from the Crocodile River in Gauteng to the Mokolo River in Limpopo Province, where Medupi is located. A political economy analysis is employed here to show who is going to win and who is going to lose from this new water scheme. For instance, the rural poor living upstream of the Mokolo Dam cannot rely on the river's water to solve their own water crisis, as the Mokolo has been allocated to Medupi. The case of Medupi and its water-energy nexus, therefore, serves to illustrate a broader 'water question' in the country. This has to do with the state's politics of water allocation privileging production over social reproduction, and hence leaving the basic, material needs of the poor unmet, under the (false) assumption that economic growth will translate into better water access for all.","PeriodicalId":45045,"journal":{"name":"Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","volume":"109 1","pages":"1 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81095870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Voices of Resilience: a living history of the Kenneth Gardens municipal housing estate in Durban by Monique Marks, Kira Erwin and Tamlyn Fleetwood (review) 《韧性之声:德班肯尼斯花园市政住宅区的生活史》作者:Monique Marks、Kira Erwin和Tamlyn Fleetwood

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Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa Pub Date : 2020-04-04 DOI: 10.1353/trn.2020.0005

N. Odendaal

引用次数: 3

The paradox of inequality in South Africa: a challenge from the workplace 南非不平等的悖论:来自工作场所的挑战

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Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.1353/trn.2019.0035

E. Webster, David Francis

{"title":"The paradox of inequality in South Africa: a challenge from the workplace","authors":"E. Webster, David Francis","doi":"10.1353/trn.2019.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2019.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The study of inequality in South Africa presents something of a paradox. Post-apartheid South Africa is one of the most unequal countries in the world in terms of income and wealth. The richest 10 per cent of the population earns 60 per cent of national income and owns 95 per cent of all wealth and assets. These high levels of inequality have been sustained, and in some cases have deepened in the post-apartheid era. However, the country has one of the most progressive constitutions in the world, one which is underpinned by a radical Bill of Rights which foregrounds expanded socio-economic rights. The parallel existence of these apparently contradictory phenomena is what we call the South African inequality paradox. We present three examples from the South African workplace where progressive policy instruments and legislation exist alongside persistent and widening inequality. We suggest that a dependence on Black Economic Empowerment, as one of the ANC government's most important attempts to transform the racialised economy of the past has resulted in the capital relations which produce and reproduce inequality remaining largely intact.","PeriodicalId":45045,"journal":{"name":"Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","volume":"46 1","pages":"11 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81124369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Rupturing or reinforcing inequality? The role of education in South Africa today 破坏还是强化不平等?教育在当今南非的作用

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Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.1353/trn.2019.0039

S. Allais, A. Cooper, Yael Shalem

{"title":"Rupturing or reinforcing inequality? The role of education in South Africa today","authors":"S. Allais, A. Cooper, Yael Shalem","doi":"10.1353/trn.2019.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2019.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper contributes to debates about the complexity of the multi-directional relationships between education, poverty, and inequality in South Africa today, by engaging with findings from an important body of research including from economists working on education within South Africa, from the the World Bank, and from researchers within or linked to the Department of Basic Education. The findings of this research clearly demonstrate the relationship between inequality of educational outcomes and poverty, and between poor educational outcomes and labour market inequality. Its policy recommendations, however, call for focusing on in-school factors in order to improve educational outcomes, with the assumption that improved educational outcomes will in turn improve the chances of poor people in the labour market. We argue that this policy focus mis-diagnoses the underlying causes of both inequality of educational outcomes and income inequality, and over-emphasises the possibility of substantially improving learning outcomes by changing in-school factors, as well as the role of education in changing economic outcomes. Because widespread poverty underpins the vastly disparate education and labour markets outcomes, these outcomes will not change without changing wide-spread poverty and the broader conditions that underpin it. Moreover, even if the knowledge and skills of the workforce and potential workforce were radically improved, there is no evidence that this additional supply of skilled workers would create its own demand for their labour, and therefore improve income inequality.","PeriodicalId":45045,"journal":{"name":"Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","volume":"105 1","pages":"105 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79260210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Down by the river: park dwellers, public space and the politics of invisibility in Johannesburg's northern suburbs 沿河而下:公园居民，公共空间和约翰内斯堡北部郊区的隐形政治

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Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.1353/trn.2019.0040

S. Charlton

{"title":"Down by the river: park dwellers, public space and the politics of invisibility in Johannesburg's northern suburbs","authors":"S. Charlton","doi":"10.1353/trn.2019.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2019.0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Despite policy and practical efforts to undo the apartheid form of SA cities, many wealthy areas appear relatively unchanged in socio-economic profile. But in Johannesburg, poverty is evident in middle class suburbs in public spaces such as parks. Research on park dwellers living along Johannesburg's Braamfontein Spruit, a linear park, shows that many people are there to minimise costs of accommodation and transport, respond to cash flow crises, or prioritise expenditure on family members elsewhere. Their lives and situation is connected to the economy of the northern suburbs and the spatial distortions of the city, yet they are frequently dismissed as criminals and vagrants. I use the notion of the politics of invisibility to discuss this and to show its connection to forms of inequality and their modes of production. Park dwellers attempt to evade the censure and punishment of metropolitan police, private security, and those with assumed claims over the public space, through concealment strategies; and through hiding their situation from relatives. At the same time, more privileged residents deploy a politics of invisibility that enables the use of cheap labour without confronting how some wages and forms of work can't sustainably buy either transport elsewhere, nor nearby accommodation, and are therefore implicated in a spectrum of forms of cheap living, including rough sleeping. This politics of invisibility sheds light on what enables and perpetuates this economic and existential inequality, and the distanciation that produces and reinforces it.","PeriodicalId":45045,"journal":{"name":"Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","volume":"9 1","pages":"127 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75942187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Framing poverty and inequality studies in South Africa 南非的贫困和不平等研究框架

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Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.1353/trn.2019.0034

S. Mosoetsa, David Francis

引用次数: 2

Challenging workplace inequality: precarious workers' institutional and associational power in Gauteng, South Africa 挑战工作场所的不平等:南非豪登省不稳定工人的制度和协会权力

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Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.1353/trn.2019.0038

T. Englert, Carin Runciman

{"title":"Challenging workplace inequality: precarious workers' institutional and associational power in Gauteng, South Africa","authors":"T. Englert, Carin Runciman","doi":"10.1353/trn.2019.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2019.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The world of work has been reorganised, the numbers of workers employed through the standard employment relationship has declined and there has been an increase in non-standard employment: labour broking, outsourcing and other forms of precarious and temporary work. This has created highly unequal workplaces where atypical workers perform the same work as permanent workers for often half the wages of what a permanent worker receives. This article considers how precarious workers are organising, outside of trade unions, to fight against workplace inequality to gain rights to permanent work. This article develops the power resource approach (PRA) as a lens through which to explore how labour broker workers are organising in Gauteng. Through the analysis of two workplace case studies, the article examines how amendments to the Labour Relations Act (LRA) in 2015 provided new rights and a new avenue through which precarious workers could organise. The case studies illustrate the dynamic interactions between institutional and associational power, an often overlooked relationship , and demonstrate the multiple avenues through which precarious workers mobilise their power to fight against inequality.","PeriodicalId":45045,"journal":{"name":"Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","volume":"49 1","pages":"104 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85213017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The sprawl of malls: Financialisation, service work and inequality in Johannesburg's urban geography 购物中心的扩张:约翰内斯堡城市地理中的金融化、服务业和不平等

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Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.1353/trn.2019.0036

Bridget Kenny

引用次数: 2