Journal of Structural Fire Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Progressive collapse behavior of reinforced concrete frame exposed to high temperature","authors":"N. Parthasarathi, K. Satyanarayanan","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-05-2020-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-05-2020-0016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Technological innovations in the construction field correspond to a wider revolution in metropolitan life and in structural design. With the demand for advanced concrete technology, the introduction of new reinforced materials in concrete, namely, iron, steel and other reinforcing elements. Reinforcement in concrete is developed in the centuries back and several advancements are being stirred to improvise the properties of the concrete through reinforcements. On the basis of this finding from the earlier research studies, a reinforcement methodology is practiced on the current study to investigate the deflection of the M30 mix concrete frame under thermal load conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000For the examination, corner and the middle frame are considered with the reinforcement provided on four zones with 16-mm diameter for compression and 8-mm diameter is used for the stirrup at 150 mm c/c spacing. The load is applied to the column with live and wall load of 3.5 kN/m and 14.7KN/m. The experimentation is carried out by the finite element analysis strategy in ABAQUS simulation software with five test conditions with the bare frame at single, two and three-bay infill. The model of the frame is developed and meshed with the meshing type of C3D8T under 8-node thermally coupled brick mesh type for the mesh size of 25 mm.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000From the simulation outcome, the effect of thermal gradient on the reinforced concrete is analyzed and its structural properties are plotted as performance graphs in the result section.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Under the thermal load condition, the model is simulated for 180 min for five different cases and analyzed the deflection parameters such as deformation, stress and failure rate.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-05-2020-0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44523720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How bracing and heating regimes influence the fire performance of composite frames","authors":"O. Bahr","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Unbraced one-bay composite frames are an interesting load-bearing structure for buildings with up to three storeys. However, their fire design is demanding given the lack of simplified design methods. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the load-bearing behaviour of both unbraced and braced frames when exposed to fire.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In a previous paper, a numerical model for the fire design of these frames was established and validated with good agreement against fire tests. In the current paper, this model was used to compare the typical differences between braced, semi-braced and unbraced composite frames under fire conditions. Further studies addressed the effect of different heating regimes, i.e. partial fire exposure of the columns in the frames and varying location of the ISO standard fire.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Numerical investigations showed that it is necessary to take local failure and deformation limits of the fire-exposed frames into account. On this basis, unbraced composite frames can compete with braced frames as they have to endure less thermal restraints than braced frames.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000In contrast to other investigations on frames, the numerical model is able to take into account the shear failure, which is especially important within the frame corners. Using this model, it is shown that limited sway is reasonable to reduce thermal restraints and hence local stresses. In this regard, the concept of semi-rigid composite joints with a distinct amount of reinforcement has proven to be very rational in fire design.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45225601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting fire resistance of SRC columns through gene expression programming","authors":"Meisam Hassani, M. Safi, R. R. Ardakani, A. S. Daryan","doi":"10.1108/JSFE-04-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JSFE-04-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to predict the fire resistance of steel-reinforced concrete columns by application of the genetic algorithm.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In total, 11 effective parameters are considered including mechanical and geometrical properties of columns and loading values as input parameters and the duration of concrete resistance at elevated temperatures as the output parameter. Then, experimental data of several studies – with extensive ranges – are collected and divided into two categories.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Using the first set of the data along with the gene expression programming (GEP), the fire resistance predictive model of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) composite columns is presented. By application of the second category, evaluation and validation of the proposed model are investigated as well, and the correspondent time-temperature diagrams are derived.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The relative error of 10% and the R coefficient of 0.9 for the predicted model are among the highlighted results of this validation. Based on the statistical errors, a fair agreement exists between the experimental data and predicted values, indicating the appropriate performance of the proposed GEP model for fire resistance prediction of SRC columns.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42453918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of steel-plate shear wall at high temperature","authors":"M. Jamshidi, Heydar Dashti NaserAbadi, M. Oliaei","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-02-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-02-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"The high heat induced by fire can substantially decrease the load-bearing capacity, which is more critical in unprotected steel structures than concrete reinforced structures. One of the conventional steel structures is a steel-plate shear wall (SPSW) in which thin infill steel plates are used to resist against the lateral loads. Due to the small thickness of infill plates, high heat seems to dramatically influence the lateral load-bearing capacity of this type of structures. Therefore, this study aims to provide an investigation into the performance of SPSW with reduced beam section at high temperature.,In the present paper, to examine the seismic performance of SPSW at high temperature, 48 single-span single-story steel frames equipped with steel plates with the thicknesses of 2.64 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm and yield stresses of 85 MPa, 165 MPa, 256 MPa and 300 MPa were numerically modeled. Furthermore, their behavioral indices, namely, strength, stiffness, ductility and hysteresis behavior, were studied at the temperatures of 20, 458, 642 and 917? The simulated models in the present paper are based on the experimental specimen presented by Vian and Bruneau (2004).,The obtained results revealed that the high heat harshly diminishes the seismic performance of SPSW so that the lateral strength is reduced even by 95% at substantially high temperatures. Therefore, SPSW starts losing its strength and stiffness at high temperature such that it completely loses its capacity of strength, stiffness and energy dissipation at the temperature of 917? Moreover, it was proved that by separating the percentage of their participations variations of the infill plate in SPSW, their behavior and the bare frame can be examined even at high temperatures.,To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the seismic performance of SPSW at different temperatures has not been evaluated and compared yet.","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"499-527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-02-2020-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46338779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral deformation behavior of eccentrically loaded slender RC columns with different levels of rotational end restraint at elevated temperatures","authors":"K. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000In literature, previous studies have focused on analyzing rienforced concrete (RC) columns with idealized end conditions when subjected to fire. In nature, full fixity or free rotation at column ends is not attained. Such ends may be considered partially restrained in rotation. This paper aims to shed a new light on the effect of different degrees of rotational restraint on the lateral deformation behavior of slender heated RC columns subjected to non-linear strain distributions produced by a time-dependent temperature history.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000To find the strain distribution on the cross section, an iterative technique is adopted using Newton–Raphson method. By introducing a reliable calculation procedure, the lateral deformational behavior is expressed using numerical and searching techniques. A methodology is presented to calculate the effective length factor for RC columns at elevated temperature.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results of the proposed model showed good agreement with available experimental test results. It was also found that the variation of rotational end restraint level has a considerable effect on the lateral deformation behavior of heated slender RC columns. In addition, the effectiveness and the validity of an analytical model should be verified by simultaneously validating the axial and lateral deformations. Moreover, the effective length factor for heated column is higher than that for the corresponding column at ambient temperature.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper shows the impact of different boundary conditions on the behavior of heated slender RC columns. It suggests powerful techniques to determine the lateral deflection and the effective length factor at high temperatures.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42675308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental determination of the residual compressive strength of concrete columns subjected to different fire durations and load ratios","authors":"Anjaly S. Nair","doi":"10.1108/JSFE-10-2019-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JSFE-10-2019-0034","url":null,"abstract":"........................................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ ix List of Equations ........................................................................................................................... x List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... xi Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................. xiv Chapter","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"529-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/JSFE-10-2019-0034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49027286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Info-analytic technologies in the work of fire and rescue units using infrared technologies","authors":"Hai T. Nguyen, N. Topolsky, D. Tarakanov, A. Mokshantsev","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-03-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-03-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The salvation of human life is the goal of work for all rescue units. At the same time, a significant part of rescue operations is carried out in buildings or premises, which themselves are often in a state of destruction or are emergency ones. This paper aims to find how it is possible to carry out rescue operations in the face of the threat of constant collapse of the building.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000To study the collapse hazard of the building, the information systems are used that display the process of rescue measures in case of a threat of deformation of the building in which there is a risk of burnback or destruction.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings show that the analysis of destruction parameters online allows using infrared sensors to form a picture of the allocation of places where people can be and thus saves lives while reducing the risk for the fire and rescue unit. To implement the presented format, it is proposed to use infrared sensors.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The use of infrared sensors allows online interaction with foci of dangerous situations and identifies the main aspects of the stratification of the preparation of the fire and rescue unit’s activities in conditions of increased danger.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"461-479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-03-2020-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49503207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of hybrid fire testing by real-time subdivision of physical and numerical substructures","authors":"N. Pinoteau, Duc Toan Pham, H. Nguyen, R. Mège","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-07-2019-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-07-2019-0026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a hybrid fire testing by real-time subdivision of physical and numerical substructures (NSs) on simplified structures as a milestone in the development of the method.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000An interface where the data was exchanged between a finite element software and a hydraulic jack regulator using text files has been developed and applied to perform two experimental campaigns of nine tests on simple steel frame structures with different thermal loading conditions. In the first experimental campaign, the physical substructure (PS) was assumedly protected by insulating material, while the NS was uniformly exposed to ISO 834 fire on all sides. The difference of the second experimental campaign from the first one was that the PS was heated on one side.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The experimental results showed how a gap between the determined equilibrium position and the “real” position caused by the time lag, as well as an overshoot phenomenon due to the non-synchronized action of both substructures, may occur. From the identification of the overshoot, two paths of development spring to mind to reduce the delay of the NS.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000In the context that the number of proposal theoretical algorithms continues to increase with the absence of real experimental adjustments, such experimental results and the associated analysis constitute additional understandings to identify possible paths of improvements that might have been missed or could not be accessed through previous studies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"481-497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-07-2019-0026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46671020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timber beam in virtual furnace","authors":"K. Cábová, F. Zeman, L. Blesák, M. Benýšek, F. Wald","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-01-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-01-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to present a part of a coupled numerical model for prediction the fire resistance of elements in a horizontal furnace. Temperatures calculated inside the timber beam are compared to measured values from the fire test.,The paper presents a part of a coupled numerical model for prediction the fire resistance of elements in a horizontal furnace. The presented part lies in a virtual furnace which simulates temperature environment around tested elements in the furnace. Comparison of results show good agreement in the case when burning of timber is included in the numerical model.,The virtual furnace presented in this paper allows to calculate temperature environment around three timber beams. After validation of the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) model, the temperature conditions are passed to the FE model which solves heat transfer to the tested element. Temperatures inside the timber beam which are solved in software Atena Science are compared to measured temperatures from the fire test. The comparison of temperatures in three control points shows good accuracy of the calculation in the point closer to the heated edge. An inaccuracy is shown in points located deeper in the beam cross-section – below the char layer.,In conclusion, the virtual furnace has a great potential for investigating the thermal behaviour of fire-resistance tests. A huge advantage inheres in the evaluation of the thermal effect throughout the volume of the furnace, which allows an accurate prediction of fire-resistance tests and evaluation of large number of technical alternatives and boundary conditions. However, passing the temperature field from the FDS model into FE model may decrease the level of accuracy. The solution lies in a coupled CFD-FE model. A weakly coupled model including fluid dynamics, heat transfer and mechanical behaviour is under development at Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague. The fluid dynamics part which is presented in this paper is solved by FDS and the thermo-mechanical part is computed by object-oriented finite element model (OOFEM). The interconnection of both software is made owing to MuPIF python library.,The virtual furnace takes advantage of great possibilities of computational fluid dynamics code FDS. The model is based on an accurate representation of a real fire furnace of fire laboratory PAVUS a.s. located in the Czech Republic. It includes geometry of the real furnace, material properties of the furnace linings, burners, ventilation conditions and tested elements. Gas temperature calculated in the virtual furnace is validated to temperatures measured during a fire test.,The virtual furnace has a great potential for investigating the thermal behaviour of fire-resistance tests. A huge advantage inheres in the evaluation of the thermal effect throughout the volume of the furnace, which allows an accurate prediction of fire-resistance tests and evaluation of large number of technical alternatives","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"437-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-01-2019-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46162975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire resistance of the vertical glass structures with thermal protection foil","authors":"A. Jakab, V. Hlavicka, Á. Restás, Éva Lublóy","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-01-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-01-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"During the building designing, it is very important to deal with the fire resistance of the structures. The designed materials for escape routes should be selected to ensure the usability of the structures until the time of escape. Planning affects the glass structures similarly, so these can also be partition walls and load bearing structures, although the latter is less applied on escape routes. The heat protection of the glasses can be improved with heat-protective foils, while fire protection is provided by gel intumescent material.,To research the topic of fire resistance, laboratory experiments were carried out on small-scaled glass elements with thermal protection foil at Budapest University of Technology and Economics at the Department of Construction Materials and Technologies.,Fire protection of small model specimens was tested with blowtorch fire and furnace heat load. During the experiments, six foils were tested. Single pane glass, double layered and triple glazed specimens were tested with blowtorch fire.,Fire protection of small model specimens was tested with blowtorch fire and furnace heat load. During the experiments, six foils were tested. Single pane glass, double layered and triple glazed specimens were tested with blowtorch fire. In case of heat-protected glazing, the foils on the “protected” side of the single pane glass do not have a fire protection effect based on blowtorch fire test. For double glassed specimens, the P35 foil has a perceptible effect, even for the requirements of the flame breakthrough (E, integrity), when the foil is placed on the inner side (position 3) of the second glass layer. The stratification of each triple glazed specimens was effective against blowtorch fire load (3 M, S4&P35), so (EI, integrity and isolation) it can meet the requirements of flame breakthrough and thermal insulation.","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"395-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-01-2020-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45007615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}