Journal of Structural Fire Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A review on utilization of different concretes as in-filled steel hollow column subjected to fire loading","authors":"N. Zuhan, M. A. Kadir, Muhammad Najmi Mohamad Ali Mastor, S. P. Ngian, A. M. Sam","doi":"10.1108/JSFE-05-2020-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JSFE-05-2020-0017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Concrete-filled steel hollow (CFHS) column is an innovation to improve the performance of concrete or steel column. It is believed to have high compressive strength, good plasticity and is excellent for seismic and fire performance as compared to hollow steel column without a filler.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Experimental and numerical investigation has been carried out to study the performance of CFHS having different concrete in-fill and shape of steel tube.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000In this paper, an extensive review of experiment performed on CFHS columns at elevated temperature is presented in different types of concrete as filling material. There are three different types of concrete filling used by the researchers, such as normal concrete (NC), reinforced concrete and pozzolanic-fly ash concrete (FC). A number of studies have conducted experimental investigation on the performance of NC casted using recycled aggregate at elevated temperature. The research gap and the recommendations are also proposed. This review will provide basic information on an innovation on steel column by application of in-filled materials.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Design guideline is not considered in this paper.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Fire resistance is an important issue in the structural fire design. This can be a guideline to define the performance of the CFHS with different type of concrete filler at various exposures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000Utilization of waste fly ash reduces usage of conventional cement (ordinary Portland cement) in concrete production and enhances its performance at elevated temperature. The new innovation in CFHS columns with FC can reduce the cost of concrete production and at the same time mitigate the environmental issue caused by waste material by minimizing the disposal area.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Review on the different types of concrete filler in the CFHS column. The research gap and the recommendations are also proposed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46885115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance-based design of RC beams using an equivalent standard fire","authors":"R. Kuehnen, Maged A. Youssef, S. El-Fitiany","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-02-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-02-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The design of buildings for fire events is essential to ensure occupant safety. Supplementary to simple prescriptive methods, performance-based fire design can be applied to achieve a greater level of safety and flexibility in design. To make performance-based fire design more accessible, a time-equivalent method can be used to approximate a given natural fire event using a single standard fire with a specific duration. Doing so allows for natural fire events to be linked to the wealth of existing data from the standard fire scenario. The purpose of this paper is to review and assess the application of an existing time-equivalent method in the performance-based design of reinforced concrete (RC) beams.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The assessment is established by computationally developing the moment-curvature response of RC beam sections during fire exposure. The sectional response due to natural fire and time equivalent fire are compared.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000It is shown that the examined time equivalent method is able to predict the sectional response with suitable accuracy for performance-based design purposes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The research is the first to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the moment-curvature diagram of RC beams using time-equivalent standard fire scenarios that model realistic fire scenarios.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":"96 2‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-02-2020-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41266540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive collapse behavior of reinforced concrete frame exposed to high temperature","authors":"N. Parthasarathi, K. Satyanarayanan","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-05-2020-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-05-2020-0016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Technological innovations in the construction field correspond to a wider revolution in metropolitan life and in structural design. With the demand for advanced concrete technology, the introduction of new reinforced materials in concrete, namely, iron, steel and other reinforcing elements. Reinforcement in concrete is developed in the centuries back and several advancements are being stirred to improvise the properties of the concrete through reinforcements. On the basis of this finding from the earlier research studies, a reinforcement methodology is practiced on the current study to investigate the deflection of the M30 mix concrete frame under thermal load conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000For the examination, corner and the middle frame are considered with the reinforcement provided on four zones with 16-mm diameter for compression and 8-mm diameter is used for the stirrup at 150 mm c/c spacing. The load is applied to the column with live and wall load of 3.5 kN/m and 14.7KN/m. The experimentation is carried out by the finite element analysis strategy in ABAQUS simulation software with five test conditions with the bare frame at single, two and three-bay infill. The model of the frame is developed and meshed with the meshing type of C3D8T under 8-node thermally coupled brick mesh type for the mesh size of 25 mm.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000From the simulation outcome, the effect of thermal gradient on the reinforced concrete is analyzed and its structural properties are plotted as performance graphs in the result section.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Under the thermal load condition, the model is simulated for 180 min for five different cases and analyzed the deflection parameters such as deformation, stress and failure rate.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-05-2020-0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44523720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modelling of changes of pressure inside the protected room during fighting the fire using carbon dioxide","authors":"S. Boroń","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-01-2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-01-2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to study and assess a new approach for prediction of changes of pressure during gas discharge inside the room protected by fixed gaseous extinguishing system by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The research program consisted of two stages. The first stage was dedicated to the experimental measurements of pressure changes during extinguishing gas discharge into the test chamber in a real scale (70 m3), for two relief openings that differ in their area. The next step was about performing CFD simulations forecasting pressure changes during gas discharge into the numerically represented test chamber. Estimation of the correctness and usefulness of the CFD model was based on a comparison of the CFD results with standard calculations and experimental measurements.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Numerical modelling of pressure changes during the carbon dioxide discharge was very close to the experiment. The obtained results had sufficient accuracy (in most cases relative error <15%), while the standard approach predicted pressure changes with an average relative error over 36% and did not estimate the decrease of pressure at all.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Conducted research confirms the viability of the new approach in modelling the pressure changes and indicates additional benefits of the numerical analyses in the determination of the fire safety of protected premises.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-01-2020-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43923146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How bracing and heating regimes influence the fire performance of composite frames","authors":"O. Bahr","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Unbraced one-bay composite frames are an interesting load-bearing structure for buildings with up to three storeys. However, their fire design is demanding given the lack of simplified design methods. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the load-bearing behaviour of both unbraced and braced frames when exposed to fire.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In a previous paper, a numerical model for the fire design of these frames was established and validated with good agreement against fire tests. In the current paper, this model was used to compare the typical differences between braced, semi-braced and unbraced composite frames under fire conditions. Further studies addressed the effect of different heating regimes, i.e. partial fire exposure of the columns in the frames and varying location of the ISO standard fire.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Numerical investigations showed that it is necessary to take local failure and deformation limits of the fire-exposed frames into account. On this basis, unbraced composite frames can compete with braced frames as they have to endure less thermal restraints than braced frames.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000In contrast to other investigations on frames, the numerical model is able to take into account the shear failure, which is especially important within the frame corners. Using this model, it is shown that limited sway is reasonable to reduce thermal restraints and hence local stresses. In this regard, the concept of semi-rigid composite joints with a distinct amount of reinforcement has proven to be very rational in fire design.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45225601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting fire resistance of SRC columns through gene expression programming","authors":"Meisam Hassani, M. Safi, R. R. Ardakani, A. S. Daryan","doi":"10.1108/JSFE-04-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JSFE-04-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to predict the fire resistance of steel-reinforced concrete columns by application of the genetic algorithm.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In total, 11 effective parameters are considered including mechanical and geometrical properties of columns and loading values as input parameters and the duration of concrete resistance at elevated temperatures as the output parameter. Then, experimental data of several studies – with extensive ranges – are collected and divided into two categories.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Using the first set of the data along with the gene expression programming (GEP), the fire resistance predictive model of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) composite columns is presented. By application of the second category, evaluation and validation of the proposed model are investigated as well, and the correspondent time-temperature diagrams are derived.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The relative error of 10% and the R coefficient of 0.9 for the predicted model are among the highlighted results of this validation. Based on the statistical errors, a fair agreement exists between the experimental data and predicted values, indicating the appropriate performance of the proposed GEP model for fire resistance prediction of SRC columns.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42453918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire resistance of corroded high-strength structural concrete","authors":"K. Sobhan, D. Reddy, F. Martínez","doi":"10.1108/JSFE-10-2019-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JSFE-10-2019-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The exposure of reinforced concrete structures such as high-rise residential buildings, bridges and piers to saline environments, including exposure to de-icing salts, increases their susceptibility to corrosion of the reinforcing steel. The exposure to fire can further deteriorate the structural integrity of corroded concrete structures. This combined effect of corrosion damage and fire exposure is not generally addressed in the structural concrete design codes. The synergistic combination of the effects of corrosion and fire forms the basis of this paper. Design/methodology/approach Concrete beam specimens with different strengths were prepared, moist-cured and corroded with impressed current. Later, they were “crack-scored” for corrosion evaluation, after which half were exposed to fire in a gas kiln. The fire damage was evaluated by nondestructive testing using ultrasonic pulse velocity. Next, all specimens were tested for residual flexural strength. They were then autopsied, and the level of corrosion was determined based on mass loss of the reinforcement. Findings For corroded specimens, the flexural capacity loss because of fire exposure increases as the compressive strength increases. In general, the higher the crack score, the higher the corresponding mass loss, unless some partial/segmental debonding of the reinforcement occurred. The degree of corrosion increases with decreasing compressive strength. The residual moment capacity, based on analytically determined capacities of uncorroded and nonfire-exposed beams, was significantly lower than those of uncorroded beams exposed to fire. Originality/value The combined effects of corrosion and fire on the mechanical properties of structural concrete are relatively unknown, and no guidance is available in the existing design codes to address this issue. Accordingly, the findings of the paper are expected to be valuable to both researchers and design engineers and can be regarded as the initial investigation on this topic.","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/JSFE-10-2019-0033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47069416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of steel-plate shear wall at high temperature","authors":"M. Jamshidi, Heydar Dashti NaserAbadi, M. Oliaei","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-02-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-02-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"The high heat induced by fire can substantially decrease the load-bearing capacity, which is more critical in unprotected steel structures than concrete reinforced structures. One of the conventional steel structures is a steel-plate shear wall (SPSW) in which thin infill steel plates are used to resist against the lateral loads. Due to the small thickness of infill plates, high heat seems to dramatically influence the lateral load-bearing capacity of this type of structures. Therefore, this study aims to provide an investigation into the performance of SPSW with reduced beam section at high temperature.,In the present paper, to examine the seismic performance of SPSW at high temperature, 48 single-span single-story steel frames equipped with steel plates with the thicknesses of 2.64 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm and yield stresses of 85 MPa, 165 MPa, 256 MPa and 300 MPa were numerically modeled. Furthermore, their behavioral indices, namely, strength, stiffness, ductility and hysteresis behavior, were studied at the temperatures of 20, 458, 642 and 917? The simulated models in the present paper are based on the experimental specimen presented by Vian and Bruneau (2004).,The obtained results revealed that the high heat harshly diminishes the seismic performance of SPSW so that the lateral strength is reduced even by 95% at substantially high temperatures. Therefore, SPSW starts losing its strength and stiffness at high temperature such that it completely loses its capacity of strength, stiffness and energy dissipation at the temperature of 917? Moreover, it was proved that by separating the percentage of their participations variations of the infill plate in SPSW, their behavior and the bare frame can be examined even at high temperatures.,To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the seismic performance of SPSW at different temperatures has not been evaluated and compared yet.","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"499-527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-02-2020-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46338779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral deformation behavior of eccentrically loaded slender RC columns with different levels of rotational end restraint at elevated temperatures","authors":"K. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000In literature, previous studies have focused on analyzing rienforced concrete (RC) columns with idealized end conditions when subjected to fire. In nature, full fixity or free rotation at column ends is not attained. Such ends may be considered partially restrained in rotation. This paper aims to shed a new light on the effect of different degrees of rotational restraint on the lateral deformation behavior of slender heated RC columns subjected to non-linear strain distributions produced by a time-dependent temperature history.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000To find the strain distribution on the cross section, an iterative technique is adopted using Newton–Raphson method. By introducing a reliable calculation procedure, the lateral deformational behavior is expressed using numerical and searching techniques. A methodology is presented to calculate the effective length factor for RC columns at elevated temperature.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results of the proposed model showed good agreement with available experimental test results. It was also found that the variation of rotational end restraint level has a considerable effect on the lateral deformation behavior of heated slender RC columns. In addition, the effectiveness and the validity of an analytical model should be verified by simultaneously validating the axial and lateral deformations. Moreover, the effective length factor for heated column is higher than that for the corresponding column at ambient temperature.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper shows the impact of different boundary conditions on the behavior of heated slender RC columns. It suggests powerful techniques to determine the lateral deflection and the effective length factor at high temperatures.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/jsfe-04-2020-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42675308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental determination of the residual compressive strength of concrete columns subjected to different fire durations and load ratios","authors":"Anjaly S. Nair","doi":"10.1108/JSFE-10-2019-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JSFE-10-2019-0034","url":null,"abstract":"........................................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ ix List of Equations ........................................................................................................................... x List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... xi Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................. xiv Chapter","PeriodicalId":45033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Fire Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"529-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/JSFE-10-2019-0034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49027286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}