Foresight and STI Governance最新文献

{"title":"Strategies of Dynamic Complexity Management","authors":"H. Knyazeva","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2020.4.34.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2020.4.34.45","url":null,"abstract":"The modern theory of complex systems changes our view of historical processes, accompanied by uncertainties, instabilities and ambiguities. The knowledge of this theory allows us to master a system or holistic thinking, and to understand the laws of functioning and growth of not just structural, but dynamic complexity. Uncertainties and chaotic elements that indicate any state of crisis are not only negative factors that we should beware of and not without fear to worry about them. We can learn to manage them and use them in the way of renewal of social systems, producing innovations. The strategic vision of complex systems evolution becomes an effective tool for decision making and scenarios planning based on our participatory activities with alternative futures. The article examines the case of Shell Corporation, which has been using scenario thinking technologies since the early 1970s, which has given it incredible competitive advantages and incentives for rapid growth and transformation into an international energy giant.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42817859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Practices of Intelligence Support for Competitiveness","authors":"Nisha Sewdass, J. Calof","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2020.3.30.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2020.3.30.39","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the practices, assessment approaches, procedures, and applied aspects of competitive intelligence (CI). The study relies upon a survey of CI practitioners conducted in 2019 and a comparison of its results with a similar survey in 2006. It was found that companies spend the time devoted to this activity mainly on processes that go beyond collecting information, including planning, analysis, communications, and management. Most enterprises have official divisions and profile managers. The results are used to perform a variety of strategic and tactical tasks.The main sources of information are the Internet, company employees, customers, and industry experts. Compared to 2006, a new key resource has emerged - social networks. Of the analytical methods, SWOT analysis and the study of competitors are most often used. Several channels of communication are used simultaneously to disseminate the received information, mainly email and presentations are used. Key performance criteria are customer satisfaction and the number of decisions made based on the information gathered.A comparative analysis revealed that over the period separating the surveys of 2006 and 2019, the function of the CR has become more formalized. The share of companies with centralized divisions and CI managers has grown. Currently, this activity more often goes beyond the simple profiling and evaluation of competitors. Technology assessment, economic, and political analysis are more actively practiced.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45730525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive Applications with Artificial Intelligence: The Role of Trust among Digital Assistant Users","authors":"P. Purwanto, K. Kuswandi, F. Fatmah","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2020.2.64.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2020.2.64.75","url":null,"abstract":"People are increasingly dependent on technology. On the other hand, companies’ large-scale investments to establish an ongoing loyalty with technology platforms and ecosystems show negative results. This is due to lower trust, concerns about risk, and increasing issues of privacy. Despite the continuous development of digital assistant applications to increase interactivity, however, there is no guarantee that the concept of interactivity is capable of gaining users’ trust and addressing their concerns. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of controllability, synchronicity, bidirectionality on perceived performance and user satisfaction with digital assistant applications as moderated by perceived trust. Amos 22.0 was used to analyze a sample of 150 digital assistant users of brands Samsung Bixby, Google Assistant, Apple Siri, and other brands. Results show that bidirectionality is the most worrying feature in terms of perceived performance of digital assistants related to trust and privacy protection issues of personal data, whereas the other two features contribute to perceived performance and digital assistant users’ satisfaction. Perceived trust plays a role in moderating the relationship between controllability, synchronicity bi-directionality of perceived performance. Finally, perceived performance has an effect on digital assistant users’ satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43933309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fintech as a Precondition of Transformations in Global Financial Markets","authors":"S. Belozyorov, O. Sokolovska, Young sik Kim","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2020.2.23.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2020.2.23.35","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers opportunities, risk and challenges of development of digital financial technologies. To identify them we use the scenario approach. We determine three main development scenarios for the market of innovative financial technologies - “domination of traditional financial companies”, “segmentation of market of new financial technologies’, and “domination of digital financial companies”, in terms of their probability and possible consequences for the global financial markets. The results of analysis allowed to suggest that among main scenarios of FinTech development the most probable is the splitting of existing market, that in perspective can generate into the market of digital transnational financial corporations, which will squeeze out both small companies and traditional financial giants. However, although the scenario of capturing the financial market by big players is currently unlikely, but it is certainly more important in terms of the consequences for the global markets.The main prerequisite for the latest scenario is the promotion of international cooperation in the regulation of digital financial companies. Such a prerequisite requires new models of country-level interaction in regulation of innovative financial companies in order to address risks and challenges of different scenarios of FinTech development in global financial markets. The article includes comparative analysis of digital development in Russia and Republic of Korea, which is one of the key players on the Asian FinTech market, as a possible benchmark to shape policies of intergovernmental cooperation in the global financial markets. These policies include 1) a regulatory cooperation that reduces regulatory risks due to growing experience in regulation of innovative financial companies; 2) an investment cooperation allowing to acquire additional experience in regulatory practices and to develop infrastructure, which meets new requirements of digital finance; and 3) a cooperation on taxation of FinTech companies that reduces cross-border regulatory arbitrage.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46062406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tax Incentives for Supporting Competitiveness of Telecommunication Manufacturers","authors":"I. Dezhina, T. Nafikova, T. Gareev, A. Ponomarev","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2020.2.51.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2020.2.51.62","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the analysis of cost factors, primarily tax burden, that can explain the observable price difference on Russian market between domestic telecommunication equipment and imports from China and USA. The relevance of the research is justified by critical significance of this market for economic, information and technological security of Russian Federation in a changed geopolitical environment. The present methods of tax burden calculation analyzed in the article reveal the subindustry level measurement to be the least studied. Based on data on 42 companies for 2015-2017, the cost structure of telecommunication equipment manufacturing industry is studied, a model for computing the tax burden rate on domestic enterprises using imported components is built. The model is adjusted for cross-country comparison to reflect the specifics of countries’ tax systems. The calculations are based on the assumption of equal production costs in the three countries under examination. A comparative analysis has shown that the tax burden in Russia is on average higher than in USA (almost 3 percentage points) and in China for enterprises operating in preferential economic zones (about 2 percentage points). However, this difference in tax burden rate does not explain the observed price discrepancy on the domestic market (up to 21 percent). Cost of components and cost of debt are additionally examined as the factors elucidating divergence of economic conditions. An approximate assessment of their influence has shown that the effect of reducing average costs with an increase in output of components, which is especially characteristic of China, has the largest impact. For American importers the tax burden level and high-end offer are the main competitive advantages. A number of tariff regulation measures allowing to compensate for the price discrepancy on the domestic market are proposed for innovation policy to stimulate the technological development of national producers.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43901059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Self-driving Cars for Urban Development","authors":"A. Zomarev, Maria Rozhenko","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2020.1.70.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2020.1.70.84","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of self-driving vehicles is no longer just science fiction conjecture but the reality of the coming decade. Various countries have already made real progress in self-driving technologies moving beyond slogans and to meaningful action – multi-country changes in the law, for one thing. Due to the rethinking of the transport planning process and new ways to organize passengers, the urban transport system is considered a single unit, not a set of separated transport subsystems (metro, land transport, etc.). Thus far, however, there has been no extensive study of the potential urban impact of self-driving technologies upon a city and its residents. This paper presents a methodology for the urban impact assessment of self-driving transportation developed based on an appropriate analysis for the city of Moscow. To that end, the urban environment as a research subject is described as a set of environmental, transport, technological, economic, social, and regulatory blocks of indicators. We purpose to evaluate these indicators: roads congestion, need for parking spaces, changes in the employment structure, new users of automobile transport, and others. To estimate the effects on the city, we described four scenarios for the introduction of self-driving cars, differentiated by the speed of technology introduction and the development of co-using economics. To achieve maximal effect of self-driving technology, one needs to adopt a proactive transport policy, including a set of measures defined by a current survey. The survey is indispensable for future research into the impact of self-driving technology upon a city. Also, the survey has a practical sense for administrations responsibility for urban transport policy.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47694050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Предпринимательские экосистемы в постсоциалистических экономиках","authors":"A. Chepurenko","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.4.6.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.4.6.8","url":null,"abstract":"The introductory article by the guest editor reveals the essence of the concept of “entrepreneurial ecosystem” (EE), its main components, and outlines the main directions of EE research with an emphasis on countries with economies in transition presented in the papers of the special issue.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":"13 1","pages":"6-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67928964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure, Challenges and Opportunities for Development of Entrepreneurial Education in Russian Universities","authors":"M. Zobnina, A. Korotkov, A. Rozhkov","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.4.69.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.4.69.81","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the creation and development of entrepreneurial education tracks in the formation of a University Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (UEE) in certain Russian universities. In particular, the ways in which these tracks promote new venture launches, the commercialization of technologies, and the development of entrepreneurial mindsets and skillsets will be explored. A panel of 21 Russian Universities was used to verify the integrated UEE model using the method of co-operative inquiry. The role of entrepreneurial courses in UEEs is illustrated herein with the use of 4 cases of Russian universities. Among the key findings of this research is that the implementation of entrepreneurship education courses configures the UEE development model centered around the education course. UEE formation begins with the personal development of individuals as the course ingrains an entrepreneurial mindset and related skills in students, and attracts entrepreneurs and business angels for mentoring roles and project development activities. Next, supporting institutions like incubators and accelerators are established from scratch, or existing ones are engaged to assist further student project development. As a result, emerging elements of UEE are actively engaged around the development of student startups. Further case analysis suggests that the professors’ academic background and entrepreneurial experience, as well as the course format (e.g. elective or compulsory) are not a necessary prerequisite for the successful initiation and development of UEE, provided the course is project based and generates a stream of student startups. Professors’ skills are complemented through the ecosystem, and some cases describe successful course launches by other ecosystem actors. It is also apparent that many universities pursue entrepreneurship education through sporadic infrastructure development, or through a more detached entrepreneurship course implementation.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67929158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Local Entrepreneurship Ecosystems by Foreign Investment","authors":"Alise Mačtama, A. Sauka","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.4.35.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.4.35.46","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of foreign direct investment in transition economies has significantly increased over the last several decades. Foreign investors are recognized as important drivers shaping the local entrepreneurial ecosystem. This paper aims to explore investors’ satisfaction with the factors previously identified as important for improving entrepreneurial ecosystems, that is, factors that both positively contribute to the development of local businesses as well as generate further foreign investment flow. Empirically we draw upon small case studies with managers of 38-42 key foreign investor companies in Latvia conducted in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018. In the first data collection wave, we identify key challenges that foreign investors face in Latvia. In the following data collection waves, we measure the development in the identified areas of concern and thus the overall entrepreneurial ecosystem of Latvia. Given that Latvia is a transition country in the advanced stage of development, the focus is on issues related to productivity and value added, including the availability of high quality labor force, the efficiency of public sector, and favorable tax regimes as well as challenges posed by unethical and illegal behavior, labor shortages, and elements of uncertainty. Our results suggest that foreign investors see a number of challenges within the all afore-mentioned areas that are important parts of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Moreover, our findings suggest that progress with regards to the improvement of certain areas such as those mentioned previously from the viewpoint of foreign investors, was relatively slow during the period of 2015-2018. Our key contribution is providing with an in- depth analysis of factors shaping the entrepreneurial ecosystem in an advanced transition economy-from the viewpoint of foreign direct investors. We explore investors’ opinions with regard to the investment climate to summarize investors’ suggestions on how the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Latvia could be further developed. Our findings provide a scope for tailor-made, targeted policy recommendations to achieve these goals.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46850726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Whirlpools” and “Safe Harbors” in the Dynamics of Industrial Specialization in Russian Regions","authors":"E. Kutsenko, Y. Eferin","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.24.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.24.40","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes sectors of specialization and sectoral dynamics in the regions of the Russian Federation from 2005 to 2015. The study is based on the methodology of the European Cluster Observatory in the 2016 edition as revised by the authors. It proposes a typology of regions depending on the number of specialization industries and the depth of sectoral development: agglomeration, diversification, specialization, and differentiation. Four types of specializations are identified based on the depth of their development and distribution among Russian regions: national leadership, distribution, concentration, and niche development. The authors implemented an approach to study regions through alternative scenarios of sectoral development over a ten-year period: occurrence, strengthening, extinction, and disappearance. The study identifies various structural models that combine the implementation of the described scenarios in relation to various specializations within a particular region. It is shown that the scale and intensity of structural changes largely depends on the region’s proximity to millionaire cities but does not always directly affect economic growth rates. The authors introduce the concepts of “sinkholes”, “streams”, and “safe harbors”, which describe the types of regions with a different type of structural changes that occur depending on the presence or proximity of the millionaire city.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48685738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}