Transnational Corporations Review最新文献

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Economic, social and institutional determinants of FDI inflows: A comparative analysis of developed and developing economies 外国直接投资流入的经济、社会和体制决定因素:发达经济体和发展中经济体的比较分析
IF 3.5
Transnational Corporations Review Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200074
Seon Ju Lee, Sung Jin Kang, Sun Lee
{"title":"Economic, social and institutional determinants of FDI inflows: A comparative analysis of developed and developing economies","authors":"Seon Ju Lee,&nbsp;Sung Jin Kang,&nbsp;Sun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows by classifying determinants into economic, social, and institutional categories, and examines its linkage between FDI in developed and developing economies at an aggregate level. Countries are distinguished in accordance with country income level, and each category is constructed as a composite index by utilizing the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Using annual data from 1996 to 2019 and panel data approaches, the determinants of FDI are investigated for 178 countries. Main findings are, first, developing economies are largely dependent on economic indicators to attract FDI. Second, in the case of developed economies, the role of social indicators on FDI inflows is shown relatively more significant than economic indicators. Finally, the linkage between institutional indicators and FDI inflows is weak and statistically insignificant in both developed and developing economies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45011,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations Review","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 200074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1925209924006004/pdfft?md5=6e27e0289d84a8b8e4e8dd623799dde0&pid=1-s2.0-S1925209924006004-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Financial development and income inequality: Direct and indirect transmission mechanisms in Sub-Saharan Africa 金融发展与收入不平等:撒哈拉以南非洲的直接和间接传导机制
IF 3.5
Transnational Corporations Review Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200048
Armand Fréjuis Akpa , Victoria Isioma Okafor , Evans Osabuohien , Ebenezer Bowale
{"title":"Financial development and income inequality: Direct and indirect transmission mechanisms in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Armand Fréjuis Akpa ,&nbsp;Victoria Isioma Okafor ,&nbsp;Evans Osabuohien ,&nbsp;Ebenezer Bowale","doi":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reduction of income inequality between poor and rich constitutes one of the goals of governments and policymakers across the world. Financial development remains one way to cope with income inequality but its influence on income inequality is mixed. Thus, this paper explores the direct and indirect transmission mechanisms through which financial development can affect income inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study utilises data from the Standardised World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) for income inequality and World Development Indicators (WDI) for financial development over the period 1995 to 2015. Analysing the data using the System Generalised Method of Moments (SGMM), the results show that financial development solely increases income inequality but its interaction with GDP per capita has a negative and significant effect on income inequality. These findings suggest that the financial development need a good economic growth to reduce income inequality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45011,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations Review","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 200048"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1925209924005746/pdfft?md5=d131ec8fcc26ab50bbaac1c8254ceda3&pid=1-s2.0-S1925209924005746-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140398549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adjustment of supply chain investment by transnational corporations in the Ukrainian crisis and geopolitical risks – Taking the three levels as the analytical framework 乌克兰危机和地缘政治风险下跨国公司供应链投资的调整--以三个层面为分析框架
IF 1.6
Transnational Corporations Review Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200076
Bo Gao , Zhengze Xu
{"title":"Adjustment of supply chain investment by transnational corporations in the Ukrainian crisis and geopolitical risks – Taking the three levels as the analytical framework","authors":"Bo Gao ,&nbsp;Zhengze Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies how the Ukrainian Crisis and Geopolitical Risk impact the trade and investment of Transnational Corporations (TNCs). This impact includes three levels. The first level is the direct impact of geopolitical risks on TNCs, including TNCs' market response to Russia and the trend of supply chain adjustment. The second level is the impact of geopolitical risks on national governments, including the response of developed countries such as the United States and Europe, as well as emerging economies such as India; countries formulate policies and measures to deal with the challenges of geopolitical risks and further promote national economic and social development, seeking channels and ways to improve the level of national security. The third level is the impact of geopolitical risks on international organizations, especially the WTO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45011,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations Review","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 200076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1925209924006028/pdfft?md5=9ec4c0e981e0e1ff4b2a2cb854c148a2&pid=1-s2.0-S1925209924006028-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141594422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foreign direct investment inflows and business cycles 外国直接投资流入与商业周期
IF 3.5
Transnational Corporations Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200061
László Tőkés
{"title":"Foreign direct investment inflows and business cycles","authors":"László Tőkés","doi":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>According to the stylized facts of the empirical real business cycle literature, investment is a procyclical variable, i.e. it co-moves with business cycles. Consequently, foreign direct investment's procyclical behavior is hypothesized and tested in this paper. A big sample of 74 (and 65 in the extended model) countries is used, and the hypothesis is tested on quarterly data with an average length of 90 periods, i.e. 22 years. Business cycles are identified by the Hodrick-Prescott filter, and the use of high-frequency data makes the results more precise and reliable. Using fixed effect regressions first the procyclicality of domestic investment is demonstrated, then the cyclical behavior of foreign direct investment is tested. Data shows that FDI is also procyclical. This result is robust, as it takes into account potential confounding variables. The paper's conclusion is that there is significant co-movement between foreign direct investment inflows and the recipient countries' business cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45011,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations Review","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 200061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1925209924005874/pdfft?md5=6c2b9509d50c1c3308bc1b01ab938d59&pid=1-s2.0-S1925209924005874-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of ISDS arbitration claims and adjudication on cross-border direct investment 国际投资争端解决机制仲裁申请和裁决对跨境直接投资的影响
IF 3.5
Transnational Corporations Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200053
Julan Du , Yifei Zhang
{"title":"The impact of ISDS arbitration claims and adjudication on cross-border direct investment","authors":"Julan Du ,&nbsp;Yifei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the impact of the arbitration cases under the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) scheme on cross-border direct investment in the form of merger and acquisition deals. The initiation of ISDS claims has significant and negative effects on direct investment from the claimant home country to the developing or weak-institution responding country. Indirect expropriation claims often have stronger effects than direct expropriation claims. The investor-win arbitration cases produce a significant substantiation effect by reducing merger flows, while the state-win cases produce an acquittal effect that encourages the subsequent capital inflow to the respondent state. Both effects are more striking in weak-institution or less developed target countries. We also detect some spillover effects of ISDS arbitration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45011,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations Review","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 200053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1925209924005795/pdfft?md5=2e0a77e2f6314313cea040fa64d4e0cb&pid=1-s2.0-S1925209924005795-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140401149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does governance matter to ensure significant effect of foreign direct investment on poverty reduction? Evidence from developing and emerging countries 治理对确保外国直接投资对减贫产生重大影响重要吗?发展中国家和新兴国家的证据
IF 3.5
Transnational Corporations Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200058
Zouhaier Aloui , Mekki Hamdaoui , Samir Maktouf
{"title":"Does governance matter to ensure significant effect of foreign direct investment on poverty reduction? Evidence from developing and emerging countries","authors":"Zouhaier Aloui ,&nbsp;Mekki Hamdaoui ,&nbsp;Samir Maktouf","doi":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the moderating role of governance in the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on poverty using simultaneous equations models for sub-Saharan African, Asian, Latin American and Eastern European countries over the period 1996–2017. The main objective of this study is to examine the role of governance as a moderator of the FDI effect on poverty. Our analyses support a positive significant impact of FDI on poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America but a negative effect in Eastern Europe, while it is not significant in Asian economies. In addition, we detect a positive conjoint impact of FDI and governance quality on poverty in all African, Latin American and Eastern European economic communities. However, this interactive effect is negative and not significant in Asia. This means that FDI reduces poverty in the presence of governance quality. Our results support that in the poorest countries (sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America), poverty is more sensitive to interactions between governance and FDIs than in the richest countries (ASIA). As policy implications of this study, governments in less developed regions must give great importance to improving the quality of governance. In this way, it becomes possible to attract foreign direct investment and increase household consumption reducing poverty as main purpose of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45011,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations Review","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 200058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1925209924005849/pdfft?md5=7b731ce0d1f4d9e7690db33a3cc9afcb&pid=1-s2.0-S1925209924005849-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Repackaging FDI for inclusive growth: Nullifying effects and policy-relevant thresholds of governance 重新包装净外国直接投资以促进包容性增长:无效效应和与政策相关的治理阈值
IF 3.5
Transnational Corporations Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200056
Isaac K. Ofori , Simplice A. Asongu
{"title":"Repackaging FDI for inclusive growth: Nullifying effects and policy-relevant thresholds of governance","authors":"Isaac K. Ofori ,&nbsp;Simplice A. Asongu","doi":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines whether foreign direct investment (FDI) to SSA contributes to inclusive growth in the region. The study further investigates whether SSA's institutional fabric moderates the effect of FDI on inclusive growth in SSA. To this end, we draw data on 42 SSA countries for the period 1996–2020 for the analysis. The empirical evidence, which is based on the GMM estimator, shows that: (1) FDI impedes inclusive growth in SSA, and (2) the region's weak institutional fabric amplifies the shared growth-deteriorating effect of FDI. Nonetheless, the optimism, which we provide by way of threshold analysis, shows that efforts aimed at improving regulatory efficiency enhance inclusive growth from the short-term through to the long-term. The study concludes that robust structures for regulatory efficiency and corruption control are critical for moderating FDI to promote inclusive growth in SSA. A few policy recommendations are discussed in the end.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45011,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations Review","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 200056"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1925209924005825/pdfft?md5=8b2128e44c5ff32034556e702de98a15&pid=1-s2.0-S1925209924005825-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Moroccan Diaspora play a role in the location of Moroccan FDI? An empirical investigation on outward FDI into 46 host countries 散居国外的摩洛哥人在摩洛哥外国直接投资的选址中起作用吗?对 46 个东道国外向外国直接投资的经验调查
IF 3.5
Transnational Corporations Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200054
Jihad Ait Soussane, Amine Chentouf, Zahra Mansouri
{"title":"Does Moroccan Diaspora play a role in the location of Moroccan FDI? An empirical investigation on outward FDI into 46 host countries","authors":"Jihad Ait Soussane,&nbsp;Amine Chentouf,&nbsp;Zahra Mansouri","doi":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper investigates the impact of the Moroccan diaspora in host countries on attracting foreign direct investment from Moroccan Multinational Enterprises. Utilizing cross-sectional data encompassing outward FDI to 46 countries hosting Moroccan migrants, the Robust Weighted Least Squares estimation method reveals a positive association between the size of the Moroccan diaspora and outward FDI. These results affirm the central hypothesis, highlighting the significant role of social networks, such as diaspora, in fostering connectivity between the MNE and its subsidiaries, mitigating foreignness liabilities and psychic distance. Moreover, the study unveils a nuanced perspective: technological capabilities and institutional quality act as negative moderators, shaping a multifaceted relationship. These findings enrich our comprehension of diaspora-driven FDI dynamics, providing fresh insights into the moderating influences of technological capabilities and institutional quality in the realm of outward FDI from Morocco.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45011,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations Review","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 200054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1925209924005801/pdfft?md5=8bed89b70d2071e11998a9127b66c958&pid=1-s2.0-S1925209924005801-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of institutional quality on the impact of Chinese foreign direct investments and human capital development on macroeconomic performance in the CEMAC zone 制度质量对中国外商直接投资和人力资本发展对中非经货共同体地区宏观经济绩效影响的作用
IF 3.5
Transnational Corporations Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200052
Jean-Claude Kouladoum
{"title":"The role of institutional quality on the impact of Chinese foreign direct investments and human capital development on macroeconomic performance in the CEMAC zone","authors":"Jean-Claude Kouladoum","doi":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the role of institutional quality in terms of governance on the impact of Chinese foreign direct investments and human capital development on the macroeconomic performance of the CEMAC zone between 2003 and 2020. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Correlated Panels Corrected Standard Errors (PCSEs) Approach. The findings indicated that poor governance performance in the CEMAC zone deteriorates the effects of Chinese foreign direct investments and human capital development on the macroeconomic performance of the CEMAC zone. At the same time, poor governance performance also deteriorates the impact of foreign aid and personal remittances received on the macroeconomic performance of the CEMAC zone. This study strongly recommends measures to improve institutional quality such as increased training on ethical thinking in all forms of education, meritocratic recruitment to the civil service, and auditing of public finances and services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45011,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations Review","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 200052"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1925209924005783/pdfft?md5=fa460d9436e13f36e2ea6097ac2af22a&pid=1-s2.0-S1925209924005783-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140535733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of FDI augmented with governance and human capital on structural transformation: Experiences from SSA and EAP countries 以治理和人力资本为支撑的外国直接投资对结构转型的作用:撒南非洲和东非及太平洋地区国家的经验
IF 3.5
Transnational Corporations Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200055
Solomon Kebede , Zerihun Getachew , Berihanu Kuma , Tora Abebe
{"title":"The role of FDI augmented with governance and human capital on structural transformation: Experiences from SSA and EAP countries","authors":"Solomon Kebede ,&nbsp;Zerihun Getachew ,&nbsp;Berihanu Kuma ,&nbsp;Tora Abebe","doi":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the last few decades, the majority of least-developed countries have failed to achieve the structural transformation theme. The concern of achieving structural transformation is further aggravated by the lack of technology, low level of literacy, poor institutional qualities, and low development level of the manufacturing sub-sector in these countries. To examine the role of FDI augmented with governance and human capital on structural transformation, the study used panel data for four Sub-Saharan African (SSA) and three East Asian and Pacific (EAP) countries across 31 years. The auto-regressive Distributed Lag with Pooled Mean Group technique was employed for analysis after checking the possible assumptions. The model for the full panels suggests that FDI inflows, especially when supplemented with good governance and better literacy, promote structural transformation. Moreover, across regions, in the short run, the interactive effect of FDI with governance and literacy had a positive effect for EAP and a negative effect for SSA countries. Finally, the government of the least developed countries that endeavors to achieve structural transformation should focus on improving the quality of governance and literacy rate and then engage in attracting massive inflows of FDI, among others.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45011,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations Review","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 200055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1925209924005813/pdfft?md5=163080e45de9bab349f6add4e9edcd9b&pid=1-s2.0-S1925209924005813-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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