Adjustment of supply chain investment by transnational corporations in the Ukrainian crisis and geopolitical risks – Taking the three levels as the analytical framework

Abstract

This paper studies how the Ukrainian Crisis and Geopolitical Risk impact the trade and investment of Transnational Corporations (TNCs). This impact includes three levels. The first level is the direct impact of geopolitical risks on TNCs, including TNCs' market response to Russia and the trend of supply chain adjustment. The second level is the impact of geopolitical risks on national governments, including the response of developed countries such as the United States and Europe, as well as emerging economies such as India; countries formulate policies and measures to deal with the challenges of geopolitical risks and further promote national economic and social development, seeking channels and ways to improve the level of national security. The third level is the impact of geopolitical risks on international organizations, especially the WTO.