Violence and Gender最新文献

{"title":"“Stop Raping Us” a Body Political Prefix","authors":"M. Z. Muttaqin","doi":"10.1089/vio.2022.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2022.0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41806786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of Stakeholders Working to End the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Atlanta, Georgia","authors":"Dora Ducak, Subasri Narasimhan, Carrie E. Ripkey, Dabney P. Evans","doi":"10.1089/vio.2021.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2021.0048","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate data on the background, risk factors, and prevalence of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) in the United States are rare and difficult to collect due to their complex, underground nature. Black and Brown youth, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth, youth with previous experiences of child and sexual abuse, youth in the foster care system, and those who have run away and/or are experiencing homelessness are disproportionately affected by CSEC, thus warranting special attention. Prevention and response strategies for CSEC often do not keep these marginalized populations in mind or include survivors in the development and implementation of strategies. This study explores the CSEC prevention and response landscape in Atlanta, Georgia. Data were collected from 12 key informants through Zoom and in-depth, telephone interviews. Interviews were held with key stakeholders working in the field of CSEC through the legal system, state employees, and anti-trafficking organizations. Emergent themes were developed by using inductive coding. Themes included: (1) the perceived risk profile of at-risk youth is changing; (2) stereotypes and stigma are barriers to appropriate and comprehensive CSEC response; (3) youth with higher risk factors are in need of greater support; (4) initiatives must be survivor-led and community based; and (5) systemic factors must be addressed to prevent CSEC. Participants observed demographic changes across individuals identifying as sexually exploited, and/or those seeking stakeholders' services. Youth often experience stigma due to their racial and socio-economic identities; due to systemic racism, Black and Brown youth are often treated as adults and not as victims. Stakeholders perceived gaps in services and support for pregnant youth, youth identified as potential recruiters for commercial sexual exploitation, youth identifying as LGBTQ, and those with substance abuse problems and mental health disorders. All participants described the need to create and fund community-based programs that focus on basic needs such as shelter, and sustainable life-enrichment programs. This study underscores the need for research focused on specific populations at risk of CSEC and the need to resolve systemic issues disproportionately affecting youth vulnerable to and experiencing CSEC.","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraprobiotic Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 prevents the development of irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis in mice.","authors":"Lívia Maria Soares Nobre, Marina Helena da Silva Lopes, Juliana Geraix, Aurilene Gomes Cajado, Jussara Matyelle Rodrigues Silva, Lyanna Rodrigues Ribeiro, Rosemayre Souza Freire, Diane Isabelle Magno Cavalcante, Deysi Viviana Tenazoa Wong, Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves, Roberto César Pereira Lima-Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study tested the protective effect of purified paraprobiotic Enterococcus faecalis (EC-12) and an E. faecalis-based formulation (Med LanS) on irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis murine model.</p><p><strong>Main methods: </strong>C57BL/6 male mice received saline, irinotecan (75 mg/Kg, i.p.), EC-12 (0.3, 1, or 3 × 10⁷ CFU/Kg, p.o.) + irinotecan or Med Lan-S (3 × 10⁷ CFU/Kg, p.o.) + irinotecan. Body mass variation was assessed daily, and blood samples were collected for evaluating bacteremia and leukocyte count. The ileum was harvested for myeloperoxidase assay, histopathology, quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence for macrophages (F4/80), TLR4, and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP).</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The best therapeutic strategy was EC-12 administration at 3 × 10⁷ CFU/Kg, starting 1 week before irinotecan. EC-12 and Med Lan-S did not prevent the irinotecan-induced body mass loss or leukopenia but attenuated the neutrophil infiltration in the intestine and increased the villus/crypt ratio (P < 0.05). Additionally, EC-12 and Med Lan-S reduced the mRNA expression of Cldn-2, Ocln, and Tlr4 versus the irinotecan group (P < 0.05). Irinotecan also augmented the expression of Il-18, IL-18BP, the immunofluorescence of F4/80, and TLR4, while only EC-12 prevented the expression of all these markers. Remarkably, EC-12 and Med Lan inhibited the irinotecan-induced bacterial translocation to the blood.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Paraprobiotic E. faecalis EC-12 prevents the development of intestinal mucositis by downregulating the inflammatory response. Med Lan-S also protects from mucositis. Possibly, the complexity of the formulation accounts for an innate immune-driven protective mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"4 1","pages":"120445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80477882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes of Women Toward Domestic Violence: What Matters the Most?","authors":"M. Alam, Nigar Sultana","doi":"10.1089/vio.2021.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2021.0051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48785839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Nature, Scope, and Impact of Firearm Threats Among Women with Cohabitating Versus Noncohabitating Partners: Considerations for the Boyfriend Loophole","authors":"TK Logan, Kellie Lynch","doi":"10.1089/vio.2021.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2021.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Although federal laws provide protections for victims of partner firearm threats, there is a “boyfriend loophole” that leaves some victims unprotected. Women were recruited from across the United States using an online survey to examine differences in scope and frequency of firearm threats, firearm-related risks, and fear level among those who did (<i>n</i> = 151), and who did not (<i>n</i> = 118), live with their abusive partner. Results showed that: (1) although frequencies varied depending on the gun threat type, there were no differences in prevalence among those who did, compared to those who did not, live with their abusive partner; (2) over half of the victims in the study reported that their partner had carried the firearm in public and victims reported their partner engaged in an average of five risky gun handling practices; (3) the majority of victims believed their partner's access to firearms increased their danger and two-fifths indicated that the firearm threats made them less likely to talk to law enforcement; and (4) in the multivariate analysis higher fear levels were associated with increased scope and frequency of gun threats, physical/sexual severity, and higher perceived abuser capability of harm for both groups. Study results suggest that partner abuse victims experience a range of threats with a gun, as well as firearm-related risks, and that victims who do not live with their abuser—those who are left unprotected by the boyfriend loophole—have similar firearm-related risks as women who live with their abuser even though they are younger and spend less time in the abusive relationship.","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pimping Innocence: This Is Me at 14","authors":"Matt Logan","doi":"10.1089/vio.2021.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2021.0085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43471685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firearms on College Campuses: An Empirical Review of Support and Opposition","authors":"J. H. Price, J. Khubchandani","doi":"10.1089/vio.2021.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2021.0046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48883495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concussions and Interpersonal Physical Violence Perpetration Among U.S. College Students","authors":"Kyle T. Ganson, Jason M. Nagata","doi":"10.1089/vio.2021.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2021.0038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48712980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Contextual Comparison of Violence Depicted in Television and Netflix Series","authors":"Hasan Cem Çelik","doi":"10.1089/vio.2021.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2021.0052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41475192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal–Fetal Attachment and Domestic Violence Against Iranian and Afghan Pregnant Women: A Cross-Cultural Study","authors":"Mahlagha Dehghan, Jamileh Farokhzadian, Hakimeh Ferdosi, Faroukh Abazari, Parya Jangipour Afshar, Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri","doi":"10.1089/vio.2020.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2020.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Women who have experienced more physical and psychological violence are at a higher risk of stress and depression and cannot develop a relationship with their fetuses. The present study aimed to compare maternal–fetal attachment (MFA) and domestic violence (DV) against Iranian pregnant women (IPW) and Afghan pregnant women (APW). This cross-sectional study was conducted on IPW and APW referred to Kerman health care facilities in 2019. The multistage, cluster-stratified sampling method was used and 300 questionnaires were distributed, of which 12 incomplete questionnaires were excluded. A total of 146 IPW and 142 APW completed the study. Data collection tools were the demographic and clinical information questionnaire, maternal–fetal attachment scale, and domestic violence questionnaire. Results showed that the mean scores of MFA in IPW and APW were 92.87 ± 12.55 and 103.6 ± 19.65, respectively. In addition, the mean scores of DV in IPW and APW were 9.63 ± 8.13 and 10.51 ± 9.1, respectively. A significant reverse correlation was found between the MFA and DV variables in IPW (<i>r</i> = −0.18, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and APW (<i>r</i> = −0.14, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). A significant difference was found between the MFA and job status, as well as between DV and husband's addiction, in IPW. In addition, a significant difference was observed between MFA and unplanned pregnancy as well as between DV, unplanned pregnancy, history of physical illness, housing status, fetal gender, and number of children in APW. Multiple regression models showed that among DV components, verbal violence had more significant correlation with MFA in IPW and sexual violence had more significant correlation with MFA in APW. This study examined the MFA and DV against IPW and APW. Results suggest that national and local policies in Iran should examine factors contributing to DV against IPW and APW and focus on how to reduce the impact of DV on MFA.","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"42 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}